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Topic: Gilled mushrooms

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Mushroom

Agaricales

Chanterelle

Amanita virosa

	Key to Pale-Spored, Gilled Mushrooms (MushroomExpert.Com)
		Gills thick, often distant, flesh-colored to purplish, attached to the stem but not often running down it; cap some shade of brown, light brown, orange brown, reddish brown, reddish, orangish, or purplish (but often fading to whitish); stem tough.
		Gills usually running down the stem; cap convex or plane--or, often, shallowly depressed to vase-shaped; stem fleshy (not cartilaginous or differently textured than the cap); many species with a sweet or anise-like odor; many species white, brownish, or yellowish brown; orange colors never present.
		Gills running down the stem or broadly attached to it; cap convex or plane--or, often, shallowly depressed to vase-shaped; stem fleshy (not cartilaginous or differently textured than the cap); many species with a sweet or anise-like odor; many species white, brownish, or yellowish brown; orange colors never present.
	www.mushroomexpert.com /gilled_pale.html (1120 words)

	Iris Herbal Products - More Information On Medicinal Mushrooms
		Mushrooms produce several important medicinal compounds in both the mycelium (the web-like mass of cells that is sort of like the root structure of the mushroom, and is often located in the ground or tree) and the fruiting body-what we call the actual mushroom.
		The medicinal compounds in mushrooms are primarily antibiotics, ergosterols, glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and triterpenes.
		This delicious, well-known gilled mushroom is native to Japan, Korea, and China.
	www.irisherbal.com /mushroom-info.html (813 words)

	Poisonous Mushrooms
		Mushrooms in these groups cause virtually all the fatal mushroom poisonings in the United States, with amanitas alone accounting for 90 percent of mushroom-related deaths.
		These mushrooms are found in summer and fall, in large clusters at the base of trees, on stumps or on buried wood.
		These large, common mushrooms often appear in fairy rings on suburban lawns, and are frequently eaten by the lawn's owner-to his or her regret.
	mdc.mo.gov /nathis/mushrooms/mushroom/poisonous.htm (1172 words)

	Gill Fungi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In most side views of mushroom caps you can't see the gills as nicely as in the photo, but here a critter has nibbled the cap's rim so that it no longer folds over the gills, hiding them.
		The gilled mushrooms are among the most important fungi not only because they are so common, but also because they provide some the best fungi to eat.
		Members of this genus are often called Milk Mushrooms because when they are injured the fungus body "bleeds" a white latex or "milk," as shown by the cut across the gills in the photograph.
	www.backyardnature.net /f/gillfung.htm (369 words)

	Zen's WNC Nature Notebook - Gilled Mushrooms
		The gills are the business end of the mushroom; it is where the spores are produced.
		Anyway, here are some local gilled mushrooms that i have photographed and observed, along with names, when i was fairly sure of an identification.
		Mushrooms go thru stages of development that can change the color, objects on the stem/stipe, smell, angle of the cap, sliminess, and obviously stages of decay.
	www.main.nc.us /naturenotebook/fungi/gilled.html (392 words)

	Delia Online
		Mushrooming is a word that’s used to describe something that’s grown overnight and, I have to say, that’s precisely the word I would use to describe the mushroom market.
		I always use the mushroom stalks, except with shiitake, as they are a bit chewy in this case and so need to be trimmed almost down to the cup.
		Once the mushrooms have lost much of their moisture content they can then be used in an omelette or simply as they are.
	www.deliaonline.com /ingredients/mushrooms,160,IN.html (619 words)

	EFG Biodiversity Image Gallery :: Mushrooms in New England
		Mushrooms do not draw attention from many, but they play an essential role in the ecosystem as decomposers or as pathogens for some trees.
		Appearance of one mushroom species varies according to its stages of freshness, habitats, and weather conditions, etc. In these albums, many photos are presented for each species to show the variation in appearance.
		Although mushrooms in these albums were identified by consulting more than 10 books (.pdf) when necessary, there may still be mistakes.
	bdei.cs.umb.edu /gallery/view_album.php?set_albumName=Album-of-Michie (422 words)

	New Chapter - Medicinal Mushrooms
		The pharmaceutical industry has been slow to explore mushrooms for antibiotic activity, in part because basidiomycetous fungi are slower growing in fermentation and less yielding compared to the mold fungi,9 such as the well known Penicillium notatum, the fungus from which Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928.
		Extracts of cultures of this mushroom are currently the subject of in vitro scan investigations for antibacterial properties based, in part, upon a long history of folkloric use in the Russian Far East.29 Extracts of shiitake (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler, Polyporaceae) were recently reported to inhibit growth of S.
		Mushroom polysaccharides such as lentinan can enhance the immune system, potentiating a host-mediated response, and indirectly, but effectively, may be antimicrobial.
	www.new-chapter.com /research/mushrooms.html (2220 words)

	Fungi-zette Newsletter, 2nd Issue
		These orange, gilled mushrooms both seem to give off what looks like blood when you cut any part of them, and one of the two is probably better known as the "Sanguinine" by many is this area because if its red-colored blood (latex).
		One of the last mushrooms to fruit in the fall, this gilled mushroom is characterized by its growing out of the side of live, dead, or dying trees, white to grayish- brown cap, short, white, off-center stem (if any), white spores, and decurrent gills which turn yellow in age.
		The gills of this mushroom were decurrent (running down the stalk), so that led me to question pair 6.
	www.fungi-zette.com /mush2.htm (4286 words)

	Table of Contents and Excerpt, Fischer and Bessette, Edible Wild Mushrooms of North America
		Wild mushrooms have a reputation for being mostly poisonous, and the common perception is that the edibles are nearly impossible to safely identify.
		The gills are bright pink at first, very crowded, often slightly attached to the stalk when young but always free in age.
		Its cap is tannish, its gills are grayish pink at first, and it grows primarily on hard-packed ground in late spring and early summer.
	www.utexas.edu /utpress/excerpts/exfisedi.html (1260 words)

	The Gilled Mushrooms ("Agaricales") (MushroomExpert.Com)
		There are so many gilled mushrooms, and so many are so confoundingly similar, that it is often difficult to identify them, even to genus, without the aid of a microscope.
		But you can't exactly test the DNA of every mushroom you want to identify, and identification keys based on actual, natural relationships would be virtually useless to anyone without access to the technology of molecular biology.
		For a sense of how mushrooms are genetically related, you will need to turn to our page on Taxonomy (which includes a large table representing the current taxonomic relationships among all of the mushroom-like fungi), to our Taxonomy in Transition pages, and to the technical publications of molecular biologists.
	www.mushroomexpert.com /agaricales.html (317 words)

	Evolution of gilled mushrooms and puffballs inferred from ribosomal DNA sequences -- Hibbett et al. 94 (22): 12002 -- ...
		Evolution of gilled mushrooms and puffballs inferred from ribosomal DNA sequences -- Hibbett et al.
		Evolution of gilled mushrooms and puffballs inferred from ribosomal DNA sequences
		the gilled mushroom Lentinus tigrinus is nested in a clade of
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/94/22/12002 (3289 words)

	SCFF 2001 Table Text
		The other light-spored mushrooms are either more closely related to some of the dark-spored gilled mushrooms or they are non-conformists and may not have gills at all.
		The stem of the Oyster Mushroom is often on the side of the cap next to the tree it is growing from and the spores are white.
		Some of the mushrooms on this table, like the Russulas, look like the gilled mushrooms on other tables, but they have been evolving separately for a long time and may have developed their gills separately from the other mushrooms.
	www.collectivesource.com /scff/2001/table-text.html (1779 words)

	Italian Baroque
		Still life with fish, snails, mushrooms, ducks and a cat, on a shore (Natura morta di pesci, conchiglie, funghi, anatre e un gatto presso una riva).
		Mushrooms, pears, apples, plums, watermelon, flowerpot with grapes and citrus fruit (Funghi, pere, mele, prugne, cocomeri, vaso con uva e agrumi).
		Bower, mushrooms, grape shoots, plate of figs, melon, goldfinch (Pergolato, funghi, tralci di vite, pesche, piatto di fragole, fichi, melone e cardellino).
	members.cox.net /mushroomsinart/italian_baroque.htm (2082 words)

	Fungi Perfecti®: antiviral drugs from mushrooms
		The mushroom yielding this novel antiviral is Rozites caperata, the Gypsy Mushroom, a mycorrhizal species associated with pines and Douglas firs.
		The predominant mushrooms showing promise for their antiviral activities are polypores—the so-called woody conks, thought to be the ancestors of most, if not all, gilled mushrooms.
		(Interestingly we know of no poisonous polypores whereas there are more than hundred poisonous gilled mushrooms, of which only a few are deadly.) Most all these antivirals are water soluble, relatively heat-stable, and most of the mushrooms mentioned and/or their mycelia can be cultured to commercially significant levels.
	www.fungi.com /info/articles/antiviral.html (722 words)

	Introduction to Fungi and the Wisconsin Mycological Society
		Second, with many mushrooms you will have to lower your identification standards and be content to identify the specimen as a poisonous Amanita or a Russula or a member of some other large group or genus of mushrooms.
		It is a firm, meaty mushroom with a white to brown, smooth to fibrillose cap.
		This is a common thin-fleshed mushroom with a wide brown cap and a twisted white stem.
	www.geocities.com /Yosemite/Trails/7331/introtofungiandwms (4928 words)

	David Fischer's Mushroom Photo Gallery - AmericanMushrooms.com
		Most GILLED MUSHROOMS are fleshy and have caps supported by a central stalk, but some that grow on wood are stalkless and may appear more shelflike.
		The gills radiate (like the spokes of a wheel) toward the edge of the cap from the stalk (or, in the case of stalkless species, from the point of attachment to the dead wood on which they grow).
		CHANTERELLES are often mistaken for true gilled mushrooms (agarics), but the "gills" of chanterelles are blunt, forked, and crossveined (not thin and flat-sided like true gills), and many species lack anything that resemble gills.
	americanmushrooms.com /gallery.htm (916 words)

	MykoWeb -- Evolution & Morphology in the Homobasidiomycetes
		That is, a gilled mushroom might be more closely related to a bolete, a tooth fungus or a coral mushroom than to another gilled mushroom.
		Using just DNA sequencing data puts together in the same clade mushrooms that appear in the field to be totally unrelated and excludes others that appear from field characters to be closely related.
		In addition, it includes the gilled mushroom Lentinellus, the tooth fungi Auriscalpium and Hericium, the coral mushroom Clavicorona, the polypores Albatrellus and Bondarzewia, and the crust or parchment fungi Aleurodiscus and Stereum.
	www.mykoweb.com /articles/Homobasidiomycete_clades.html (2822 words)

	Opal Creek Ancient Forest Center- Opal Creek Ecology - Fungui
		Fungi is found at every level of the forest from the microscopic species found in the soil horizon, to the gilled mushrooms found in forest canopy soil.
		If it were not for the mushrooms and other fungi processing dead material, it would pile up on the forest floor and not be available to the next generation of plants.
		The inability to recreate mycorrhizal conditions is the main reason that some commercially valuable mushrooms (morels, chanterelles, and matsutakes) are difficult to cultivate in a farm environment.
	www.opalcreek.org /eco/fungus.html (652 words)

	NAMA: Educational Programs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		While the emphasis is on mycophagy, attention is also paid to the role of mushrooms in the environment and in human attitudes.
		The mushrooms represented are from throughout North America with a slight bias towards the species found in the Pacific Northwest.
		He explains mushrooming in a serious, thoughtful, and intelligent manner, and draws your interest as you follow him on the walk.
	www.namyco.org /education/edprog.html (1534 words)

	SurvivalPageNine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Mushrooms are plentiful in early spring, but you must know what to pick, some are very poisonous.
		Deer eat a lot of mushrooms if you can identify what they are eating it is usually safe to eat those.
		This information about mushrooms is for educational purposes only, you should always get someone to go with you and identify the one's you would like to eat.
	www.walkswithhawksherbs.org /SurvivalPageNine.html (404 words)

	FOTOS
		These mushroom photos are not intend as an identification guide for mushrooms.
		Gills Mostly Adnate to Decurrent (Russula, Lactarius, Hygrophorus, Clitocybe, Leucopaxillus)
		Gills Mostly Adnate to Decurrent (Cortinarius, Paxillus, Phylloporus)
	www.scmsfungi.org /fotos.htm (267 words)

	Playing with a Full Deck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Combining a smokey-woodsy flavor with a firm, chewy texture and immune-stimulating properties, shiitake is becoming America's favorite "health mushroom".
		Reishi: Ganoderma lucidum, the Chinese "Mushroom of Immortality" of reputed high immuno-modulating potency, is used for teas and in capsules.
		The tips of the stems will be removed before the mushrooms are sliced and sauteed.
	www.voccoquan.com /Hinrichs/mushrooms.htm (273 words)

	Key to Pacific Northwest Keys to Mushrooms
		Deciding on the correct key is relatively easy for nongilled mushrooms, but is occasionally quite difficult for gilled mushrooms.
		The key for gilled mushrooms often depends on knowing the color of the spores and knowing whether there is a partial veil.
		863a scattered or in groups or clusters on wood, gills adnate to slightly decurrent, spores ocher to dark reddish cinnamon or rust brown, hygrophanous moist or dry reddish brown cap and pinkish brownish flesh, cap 1-5 cm with white fibrils especially near margin, base usually with white mycelial mat
	www.svims.ca /council/Key_to.htm (7337 words)

	Gardening books - Mushrooms & Fungi Shitake - Cultivation - Medicinal - Magical - WomanEbooks.com
		Mushrooms of Colorado and the Southern Rocky Mountains by:
		Mushrooms of West Virginia and the Central Appalachians by:
		Mushrooms Poisons and Panaceas: A Handbook for Naturalists, Mycologists, and Physicians by:
	www.womanebooks.com /plmush.htm (940 words)

	Fungi Perfecti®: novel antibiotics from mushrooms
		Although many of those skilled in the art are aware of the immune-enhancing properties of mushrooms, few may realize that mushrooms are rich sources of natural antibiotics.
		While the cell wall glucans are well known for their anti-bacterial properties, few medical practitioners are aware that many of the secondary metabolites—the extracellular secretions by the mycelium—are exquisitely designed to combat a wide range of bacteria and other microorganisms (Anke 1989).
		This higher concentration of effective antibiotics from Polypore mushrooms underscores that this barely explored group, in particular those with a long history of folkloric use by indigenous peoples, should be carefully surveyed (Atsumi, S., et al., 1990; Hirasawa et al., 1999).
	www.fungi.com /info/articles/antibiotic.html (665 words)

	Lactarius.com - Gilled Mushrooms Class
		A knife is useful for digging the base of the mushroom out of the ground or cutting a mushroom off from a log.
		Note paper is used for recording notes on habitat and substrate (what the mushroom was growing on).
		Mushrooms of Northeast North America: Midwest to New England.
	www.lactarius.com /gilled (223 words)

	Novel Antimicrobials from Mushrooms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Interestingly, some mushrooms and their components are target-specific in their antibiotic properties, whereas others have broader effects.
		The pharmaceutical industry has been slow to explore mushrooms for antibiotic activity, in part because basidiomycetous fungi are slower growing in fermentation and less yielding compared to the mold fungi,9 such as the well known Penicillium notatum, the fungus from which Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928.16
		Whether disease is caused by "spirits" or invisible microbes, both views hold in common an underlying cause of the unseen universe.17 In the future that shared vision may extend to using the same tools as a practical treatment for microbial infection.
	www.herbalgram.org /bodywise/herbalgram/articleview.asp?a=2167 (1817 words)

	NAMA: Art Registry-Dutch Baroque (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Mushroom description: Lactarius deliciosus and Tricholoma aurantiacum in a poultry yard.
		Mushroom description: About 20 mushrooms: According to Roger Heim (Larousse des Champignons, Paris, 1978), sterile base of Lycoperdon hiemale, Russula sp., Russula knauthi, Amanita pantherina, Psalliota arvensis s.sp.
		Mushroom description: Two brown gilled mushrooms (collybioid?) on the ground, one with upturned cap edges
	www.namyco.org /art/dutch_baroque.html (1105 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Tylutki, E.E. Mushrooms of Idaho and the Pacific Northwest: 1979, Vol.1, Discomycetes.
		Evenson,V. Mushrooms of Colorado and the Southern Rocky Mountains.
		Eleven sections issued so far on 11 families or groups of gilled mushrooms, more in the works.
	www.psms.org /book_list.txt (231 words)

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