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Topic: Gill slit

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	Definition of Gill from dictionary.net
		Gill net, a flat net so suspended in the water that its meshes allow the heads of fish to pass, but catch in the gills when they seek to extricate themselves.
		Gill opening, or Gill slit (Anat.), an opening behind and below the head of most fishes, and some amphibians, by which the water from the gills is discharged.
		Gill rakes, or Gill rakers (Anat.), horny filaments, or progresses, on the inside of the branchial arches of fishes, which help to prevent solid substances from being carried into gill cavities.
	www.dictionary.net /gill (315 words)

	Respiratory System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Gill filaments also possess gill lamellae, which are small crevices through which the water passes for diffusion.
		Gills can also be used in excretion of nitrogenous wastes (in the form of ammonia)) and regulation of salts in the body.
		External gills develop from the skin ectoderm of the bronchial area, but are not directly related to the visceral skeleton or branchial chambers.
	acad.udallas.edu /biology/Brown/Anatomy/12Respiratory.html (1343 words)

	UCMP Glossary: Zoology
		An animal with a notochord (a cartilaginous rod that extends the length of the body), dorsal hollow nerve cord (a fluid-filled tube that runs the length of the body), gill slits or pouches, and a tail at some stage in its life cycle.
		gill slit -- A slitlike or porelike opening connecting the pharynx of a chordate with the outside of the body.
		Gill slits may contain the gills and be used for gas exchange, as in most fish, but may also be used for filter-feeding, or may be highly modified in land-dwelling vertebrates.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /glossary/gloss7metazoa.html (2304 words)

	Gill Slits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Gill Slit - A vertical opening located behind the eyes on sharks, and along the belly in rays.
		The gill slits are openings that allow water to flow out from the gill cavities.
		Sharks and rays are unique among living fishes in possessing five to seven gill slits, rather than the more common fish condition of having only a single gill opening.
	www.curator.org /LegacyVMNH/CURATOR/gill_slits.htm (95 words)

	Gill Bar Homologies
		Gills and their supporting structures (the gill bars) are prominent features of cephalochordates and fishes.
		This hole, known as the spiracle, is the remnant of the gill slit between the mandibular and hyoid arches.
		The supports for the gills should still be evident, even though they are now covered by a series of modified dermal bones, the opercular bones; however, major changes have taken place in the jaws and jaw supports of bony fishes.
	userwww.sfsu.edu /~biol240/labs/lab_22chordatehomologies/pages/gillbars.html (1510 words)

	Gill slit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gill slits are gills with individual openings rather than an outer cover.
		The skin folds in mammals, birds, and reptiles are not gills, but the gill slits in embryonic fish develop into gills, while the gill slits in other vertebrates develop into the throat area and the bones in the ear.
		In the 19th century, gill slits of vertebrate embryos were erroneously thought to be actual gills, and thus evidence for the recapitulation theory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gill_slit (176 words)

	Gills
		Between each gill slit is a myotome (or somite) - that is, a muscle and skeletal tissue arch.
		The 'h' gill arch becomes the 'hyoid' (in the high throat) bone as the 's' gill sinks in to serve as an auditory canal.
		The forward arches abut without the slit openings but maintain the neural branch and vascular branch structure as if the slits were still there.
	www.pediatric-orthopedics.com /Topics/Embryo_S_Bifida/Gills/gills.html (939 words)

	[No title]
		This tube is known also as the respiratory tube because its gill slits lead into gill pouches.
		Gill pouches – These are respiratory sacs or internal gills, lined with gill lamellae, and are located on either side of the larynx.
		Ventral aorta – An unpaired vessel posterior to the fourth gill pouch; anterior to the fourth gill pouch it is paired.
	www.wright.edu /~oliver.27/bio/lamprey.html (1473 words)

	Lecture Notes, Vert. Struc. Develop., Emporia State Univ.
		The slit that is left is the gill slit.
		In fishes the gills are derived from the visceral arches.
		Gills work well in cool well-aerated water, but in oxygen poor, warm water other means are needed.
	academic.emporia.edu /sievertl/verstruc/vsdweb5.htm (6272 words)

	Human Embryo Gill Slits, CARM
		The gill slits is where rich Americans cut off a fishes head before they cook and eat it (we just don't have the palate to appreciate the head).
		Gill slits (or gill clefts) are only called that because they resemble the same structure in developing fish.
		The fanciful notion of gills is based upon the presence of four alternating ridges and grooves in the neck region of the human embryo (called pharyngeal arches and pouches) that bear a superficial resemblance to gills.
	www.carm.org /evolution_archive/human_embryo_gillslits.htm (7978 words)

	gill - Definition, Synonyms, and Reference from OnPedia.com
		gill - any of the radiating leaflike spore-producing structures on the underside of the cap of a mushroom or similar fungus
		gill - respiratory organ of aquatic animals that breathe oxygen dissolved in water
		ctenidium - comb-like respiratory structure serving as the gill of certain mollusks
	www.onpedia.com /dictionary/gill (266 words)

	APC 100 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		During ventilation, water is taken into the oral cavity, forced past protective gill rakers, over the the gills, and into the opercular chamber, before exiting via the external gill slit.
		Gills are arranged as a stack of V-shaped pairs of cartilaginous 1° lamellae branching off each branchial arch.
		The vascular supply to the gills is via the afferent branchial arteries, which divide into smaller vessels supplying each arch and 1° lamella.
	trc.ucdavis.edu /mjguinan/apc100/modules/Respiratory/gill/gill_review.html (124 words)

	Molas: Family Molidae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Rear of body appears to be cut-off, the caudal fin reduced to a leathery flap with a scalloped rear edge.
		Gill slit tiny, located just in front of pectoral fin.
		Gill slit small, in front of pectoral fin.
	ltpwww.gsfc.nasa.gov /tharsis/molidae.html (326 words)

	gill slit - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Gill, one of the paired respiratory organs, also called branchia, in many animals that breathe air dissolved in water; also found in the embryo...
		Gill, (Arthur) Eric Rowton (1882-1940), British sculptor, type designer, engraver, and author.
		Gill's stone carvings were first exhibited in London...
	encarta.msn.com /gill+slit.html (140 words)

	Chapter Gigget <i>to</i> Gingerly of G by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition)
		Gills are usually lamellar or filamentous appendages, through which the blood circulates, and in which it is exposed to the action of the air contained in the water.
		One of the combs of closely ranged steel pins which divide the ribbons of flax fiber or wool into fewer parallel filaments.
		a flat net so suspended in the water that its meshes allow the heads of fish to pass, but catch in the gills when they seek to extricate themselves.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/257/1198/22778/2.html (365 words)

	fish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The gill is located behind the mouth in the gill chamber and consists of several gill arches.
		The gill rakers are positioned to stop particles suspended in water from damaging the filaments.
		Sharks and rays have a modified gill slit, the spiracle which works with the mouth to bring water into the gill chambers.
	darter.ocps.net /classroom/klenk/Fish.htm (4356 words)

	[No title]
		The area of the fish in front of the gill slit.
		Gill slit runs along the posterior edge of the operculum.
		One of the most anterior paired set of fins, in most livebearers located laterally immediately posterior to the gill slit, on the side of the body.
	www.finarama.com /terminology/ana_content.htm (521 words)

	Evolution Redeemed
		The slits to which the author is refering are, in the strict sense, not gill slits (and no reputable anatomist would claim that they are, evolutionist or not), but they are by no means "merely flexion folds, or wrinkles," either.
		They are slits which form between the branchial arches, which all chordates have; in fishes, they develop into hightly specialized gills, but in almost every vertebrate, including humans, they develop instead into the lower jaw, among other structures.
		The fictitious "gill slits" of human embryos discussed in Myth # 1, for example, are supposed to represent the "fish" or "amphibian" stage of man's evolutionary ancestors.
	www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/Lab/1366/menton.html (4524 words)

	Pharyngula::Wells and Haeckel's Embryos
		Wells is quite unhappy with the common term "gill slits." He spends several pages telling us that embryonic mammals don't have gills, and that even at the stages that fish have gill slits, they don't have gills.
		He points out that "gill slits" are not gills, a fact that is well understood by every developmental biologist.
		Because sometimes these structures are referred to by the simpler term "gill slits" in textbooks does not mean that they do not exist or that the homology disappears, although that is the game Wells would like to play.
	pharyngula.org /index/weblog/comments/wells_and_haeckels_embryos (5724 words)

	Occurrence of Deania profundorum off southern Portugal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The specimen, a large, 87.5 cm total length mature female had only four gill slits in the right side of the head.
		The specimen showed no scars in the place where the fifth gill slit should be.
		Comparative measurements between the gill slit sizes on the left and right sides of the head led to the conclusion that the missing gill slit was probably the first one.
	www.mnhn.fr /sfi/cybium/numeros/english/inpress/83.abscoelho348n.html (254 words)

	New Page 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In fact, neither gills nor their slits are found at any stage in the embryological development of any mammal including man. The folds in the neck region of the mammalian embryo, that are erroneously called "gills", are not gills in any sense of the word and never have anything to do with breathing.
		Still, the gill slit myth is perpetuated in many high school and college biology text books as "scientific evidence" for evolution.
		Even Dr. Spock in his book 'Baby and Child Care' claims that "as the baby lies in the amniotic fluid of the womb, he has gills like a fish." Perhaps the "gill slit" myth continues to be taught because there is no better "evidence" for evolution.
	www.evolusham.com /a_16.htm (240 words)

	Gray's Reef FISH GUIDE
		Gill rakers - tooth-like, spine-like, or filament-like anterior projections of gill arches.
		Gill slits - multiple gill openings seen externally on sharks, rays and some jawless fishes.
		Spiracle - rudimentary gill slit found behind the eye in rays and in some sharks.
	www.graysreef.nos.noaa.gov /fishguide/Glossary.html (309 words)

	CB704: Gill slits
		In fish, these develop into gills, but in reptiles, mammals, and birds, they develop into other structures and are never even rudimentary gills.
		There is no way gill slits can serve as evidence for evolution.
		The pharyngeal pouches that appear in embryos technically are not gill slits, but that is irrelevant.
	www.talkorigins.org /indexcc/CB/CB704.html (208 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Both do have gill slits, a skeleton composed of cartilage, and a single nostril on top of the head between the eyes.
		Examine the preserved shark, noting the nostrils, spiracle behind the eye, gill slits, and the heterocercal tail that provides the necessary uplift during swimming to prevent the shark from sinking.
		Note that its gills are on the bottom, and that the spiracle is large and on top of the head.
	biology.dbs.umt.edu /introbio/104_fishes_lab.htm (833 words)

	Great myths of evolution: #1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In fact[sic], neither gills nor their slits are found at any stage in the embryological development of any mammal including man. The folds in the neck[sic] region of the mammalian embryo, that are erroneously called "gills", are not gills in any sense of the word and never have anything to do with breathing.
		Still, the gill slit myth[sic] is perpetuated in many high school and college biology text books as "scientific evidence" for evolution.
		Since there are always six gill slits (except in agnathans and some sharks), there are six aortic arches (as they are called) on each side.
	www.icrcult.org /myth1.htm (731 words)

	Sharkorgans
		To expose the respiratory system, make an incision beginning at the left corner of the mouth and continuing under the gill slits along the body wall to the pectoral girdle.
		Between the internal and external gill slits is the branchial chamber (also known as the gill chamber).
		The interbranchial septum is supported by cartilagenous spines, the gill rays, while those spines which face into the pharynx are the gill rakers.
	core.ecu.edu /biol/singhasc/Sharkorgans.htm (795 words)

	GameSpot Forums - Off-Topic Discussion - Creationism: WE DO NOT HAVE GILLS AS BABIES. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The same is true of the so-called "gill slits." In the human embryo at one month, there are wrinkles (flexion folds) in the skin where the "throat pouches" grow out.
		If the opening were really part of a gill, if it really were a "throwback to the fish stage," then there would be blood vessels all around it, as if it were going to absorb oxygen from water as a gill does.
		Of course the gill slits in human embryos are important.
	www.gamespot.com /pages/forums/show_msgs.php?topic_id=24127753 (6592 words)

	marine7
		Each gill in a separate cavity with it's own gill slit.
		Gills supported on bone arches and all gills are in a single cavity covered by an operculum.
		Know gill structure and how counter current exchange functions in gills and in heat conservation for warm bodied fishes, etc. Know how water is moved over the gills and characteristics of water related to extracting oxygen from it.
	www.valdosta.edu /~jfelder/marinebio/marine7 (533 words)

	The retinoic acid signaling pathway regulates anterior/posterior patterning in the nerve cord and pharynx of amphioxus, ...
		Expression of AmphiRAR is restricted to the middle third of the nerve cord and weakly in the middle third of the somites and endoderm while that of AmphiTR2/4 is strongest in the cerebral vesicle, Hatschek’s diverticulum, the tailbud, mouth and gill slits.
		in the primordia of the mouth and gill slits (Fig.
		Gill slit formation evidently requires a low level of RAR signaling.
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/129/12/2905 (7231 words)

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