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	Gilyak
		Gilyak (ethnonym: Nivxi) is a language spoken in Outer Manchuria[?], in the basin of the Amgum, a tributary of the Amur, along the lower reaches of the Amur and on the northern half of Sakhalin.
		For many centuries the Gilyaks were tributary to the Manchu empire.
		The Gilyaks suffered severely from the Cossack conquest and imposition of the Tsarist Russian penal policy which turned the whole island of Sakhalin into a penal settlement.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/gi/Gilyak.html (302 words)

	Gilyak - UPSID Language Profile
		segst(n, [voiceless, aspirated, uvular, plosive], [kirghiz, sui, lahu, haida, klamath, kwakw7ala, quechua, jaqaru, gilyak, lak, burushaski]).
		segst(n, [voiceless, palatal, plosive], [ostyak, komi, tavgy, azerbaijani, katcha, kadugli, wolof, diola, senadi, tampulma, birom, nyangi, sebei, tabi, mursi, yulu, hamer, angas, margi, ngizim, vietnamese, burera, kunjen, kariera_ngarluma, gugu_yalanji, arabana_wanganura, diyari, yay, cham, malay, yao, kewa, haida, hupa, muinane, jaqaru, kurukh, gilyak, basque]).
		segst(n, [voiceless, uvular, plosive], [kurdish, kirghiz, arabic, neo_aramaic, tuareg, awiya, iraqw, hamer, sui, atayal, lahu, haida, tlingit, hupa, wintu, totonac, k7ekchi, nootka, quileute, squamish, puget_sound, luiseno, hopi, pomo, achumawi, abipon, quechua, jaqaru, gununa_kena, greenlandic, aleut, ket, yukaghir, chukchi, gilyak, burushaski]).
	www.langmaker.com /db/ups_gilyak.htm (461 words)

	Nivkh - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Nivkh or Gilyak (ethnonym: Nivxi) (language, нивхгу - Nivxgu) is a language spoken in Outer Manchuria, in the basin of the Amgun, a tributary of the Amur, along the lower reaches of the Amur and on the northern half of Sakhalin.
		Gilyak is a language isolate, i.e., it does not appear to be related to any other language.
		There followed two occupations by the Japanese in 1904-5 and 1920-5, plus the Russian Revolution, Stalin's witch-hunts and the collectivizations, with the Gilyak being used as a 'model' nation that had gone directly from the stone age to socialism.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Nivkh (288 words)

	Origins of the Family-- Appendix (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Gilyaks are acquainted neither with agriculture nor with pottery; they procure their food chiefly by hunting and fishing; they warm water in wooden vessels by throwing in heated stones, etc. Of particular interest are their institutions relating to the family and to the gens.
		The Gilyak addresses as father, not only his own natural father, but also all the brothers of his father; all the wives of these brothers, as well as all the sisters of his mother, he addresses as his mothers; the children of all these 'fathers' and 'mothers' he addresses as his brothers and sisters.
		To this day every Gilyak has the rights of a husband in regard to the wives of his brothers and to the sisters of his wife; at any rate, the exercise of these rights is not regarded as impermissible.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1884/origin-family/appen.htm (1191 words)

	Nivkh or Gilyak ethnonym Nivxi language #1085 #1080 #1074 #1093...
		"Nivkh" or "Gilyak" (ethnonym: Nivxi) (language, нивхгу - Nivxgu) is a language spoken in Outer Manchuria Outer Manchuria, in the basin of the Amgun Amgun, a tributary of the Amur Amur, along the lower reaches of the Amur Amur and on the northern half of Sakhalin Sakhalin.
		The Gilyak is a language isolate language isolate, i.e., it does not appear to be related to any other language.
		The Gilyaks suffered severely from the Cossack Cossack conquest and imposition of the Tsarist Russian penal policy which turned the whole island of Sakhalin Sakhalin into a penal settlement.
	www.biodatabase.de /Nivkhs (385 words)

	Nivkh -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Gilyak is a (Click link for more info and facts about language isolate) language isolate, i.e., it does not appear to be related to any other language.
		For many centuries the Gilyaks were tributary to the (The Tungusic language spoken by the Manchu people) Manchu empire.
		After the Russian revolution, a Gilyak Autonomous (Click link for more info and facts about Okrug) Okrug was created during the 1920s straddling the (Click link for more info and facts about Tatar Strait) Tatar Strait.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/N/Ni/Nivkh.htm (164 words)

	Gilyaks
		Gilyak or Nivkh is a language (or small group of closely-related languages) spoken on Sakhalin and on the northeast Asian mainland near the lower Amur River.
		It has not been proven to be related to any other language.
		The language was encouraged and Chuner Taksami is the most prominent figure of Gilyak literature.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/gi/Gilyaks.html (94 words)

	Read about Nivkh language at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Nivkh language and learn about Nivkh language here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Nivkh or Gilyak (ethnonym: Nivxi) (language, нивхгу - Nivxgu) is a language spoken in Outer Manchuria, in the basin of the
		Their lands extended along the northern coast of Manchuria from the Russian fortress at Tugur eastward to the mouth of the Amur at Nikolayevsk, then south through the Straits of
		Stalin's witch-hunts and the collectivizations, with the Gilyak being used as a 'model' nation that had gone directly from the stone age to
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Nivkh (288 words)

	Williamsburg Art and Historical Center: Events & Exhibits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Gilyak Amagasaki (born in Hokaido, Japan in 1930) has been performing Street Dance since 1968.
		Street Dance was one of the most popular street entertainments among common folks for centuries in Japan, but it has become a dying folk art in the past 50 years.
		Gilyak has performed in China, England France, India, Korea, Russia and the U.S.A. This is his third performance in New York City.
	wahcenter.net /events/2004/performancesfromjapan/streetdance.html (109 words)

	Nivkh language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Nivkh or Gilyak (ethnonym: Nivxi) (language, нивхгу - Nivxgu) is a language spoken in Outer Manchuria, in the basin of the, a tributary of the Amur, along the lower reaches of the Amur and on the northern half of Sakhalin.
		In the post-Soviet Russian commonwealth of nations they have fared better than the Ainu or the Kamchadals but nothing like as well as the Chukchi or the Tuvans.
		This page was last modified 18:28, 14 Jun 2005.
	bonneylake.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Nivkh (337 words)

	The History of the Russian Navy. Latter Half of the 19th Century.
		The war arose as a consequence of China's desire to remove foreign influences that the Chinese considered responsible for the degeneration of its Celestial Empire.
		In June 1900, the ocean-going ships Koreyets, Bobr and Gilyak distinguished themselves in a difficult battle against the Chinese forts in the Taku Harbour.
		Despite heavy Chinese shelling, which caused fires and casualties aboard their ships, Russian officers and hands used extremely well-aimed return fire to support the Allied infantry as they took the forts by storm.
	www.navy.ru /history/hrn9-e.htm (3329 words)

	Paleosiberian languages on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Only a few languages survive of this once extensive family, which formerly was spread over a considerable area of N Asia.
		Among the Paleosiberian languages still in use are Chukchi, Koryak, Kamchadal, Yukaghir, and Gilyak.
		These tongues have characteristics that recall a number of Native American languages.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/P/Paleosib.asp (161 words)

	Gilyak Culture
		In older literature, they are known as Gilyak, the name given them by their neighbors, the Manchus.
		Various Nivkh tribes also named themselves according to the area in which they settled.
		The earliest historical data concerning the Nivkh (Gilyak) date back to a 12th century Chinese chronicle.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/oldworld/asia/gilyak.html (821 words)

	iqexpand.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This page was last modified 04:33, 6 Mar 2005.
		The Russians also called them Gilyaks (as they did the Nivkhs).
		For a long time the name Ulchis caused bewilderment among the people; now, however, it is taken...
	nivkhs.iqexpand.com (616 words)

	Shamanism in Siberia: Part III. Religion: Chapter XIII: Gods, Spirits, Soul
		The highest benevolent deity of the Gilyak is known as Ytsigy, according to Schrenck.[1] But Sternberg[2] says that they call the universe Kurn, and apply the same name to their highest anthropomorphic deity.
		Their name for the island of Sakhalin is Mif, literally 'earth', and they believe that the island is a sort of covering for a certain immense god.[3] Natural objects all have a life of their own, and if one commits violence of any kind upon them sacrifice must be made to the injured 'owners'.
		The Gilyak believe that an ordinary man has one soul, a rich man two, while a shaman may have as many as four.
	www.sacred-texts.com /sha/sis/sis09.htm (12344 words)

	Social Organization Of The Gilyak; Author: Shternberg, Lev; Introduction: Grant, Bruce; Paperback (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Shternberg's classic study was the last ethnography of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition, studying the Amerindian peoples of the Russian and American Pacific rims.
		Shternberg emphasized the complex matrilineal cross-cousin marriage among the Gilyaks, but others used his work for different ends, including the rising Soviet social engineers who saw in it everything that needed to be eradicated from Gilyak life.
		Grant (anthropology, Swarthmore U.), has added a foreword reviewing Shternberg's career and an afterword in which he details his own experiences among the Gilyaks in 1995.Originally commissioned in 1905 by Franz Boas, this study offers a portrait of Sakhalin Island in Russia.
	www.netstoreusa.com /stbooks/029/029597799X.shtml (273 words)

	The Nivkh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Some of the old Nivkh refer to themselves as the Gilyak even today.
		In addition to the Nivkh, the Russians called Gilyak also the Ulchi, Negidal and some Evenk.
		They speak the Nivkh language which has two dialects—the Amur and Eastern Sakhalin.
	www.raipon.org /Web_Database/nivkh.html (1832 words)

	Review South-Sahalin Gilyak flora in reference to surrounding (Ainu and Orok) cultures - Computer Toaster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Review South-Sahalin Gilyak flora in reference to surrounding (Ainu and Orok) cultures - Computer Toaster
		Book / South-Sahalin Gilyak flora in reference to surrounding (Ainu and Orok) cultures
		South-Sahalin Gilyak flora in reference to surrounding (Ainu and Orok) cultures
	computertoaster.com /reviews/asinsearch_B0007JKJH8 (61 words)

	Find in a Library: The social organization of the Gilyak
		Find in a Library: The social organization of the Gilyak
		Publisher: [New York] : Seattle : American Museum of Natural History ; Distributed by the University of Washington Press, 1999.
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/52697c46c3aaab4da19afeb4da09e526.html (84 words)

	The Fleet Reborn
		In the years preceding the war, the Naval Cadets Corps and Naval Engineers' School turned out midshipmen who were then promoted to officers' ranks for service in the Mediterranean.
		In December 1908, during one such cruise, the seamen of the battleships Slava and Tsessa-revitch, the cruisers Bogatyr and Admiral Maka-rov, and the gunboats Gilyak and Koreyets were the first to assist the Italian town of Messina after it suffered an earthquake.
		A special medal was designed to commemorate the event.
	www.neva.ru /EXPO96/book/chap11-1.html (843 words)

	The Origins of Christmas and Easter (No. 235)
		While these customs may not have connection with agriculture, the similar customs of Plough Monday certainly do and the processions we see in Europe of men clad as animals probably identify with the corn spirit.
		They may have association with the Gilyak procession of the bear and the Indian procession of the snake (ibid.).
		Often in these processions (as in the last days of the carnival in Bohemia) a man was swathed from head to foot in pease-straw and wrapped around in straw ropes (Frazer, ibid.).
	logon.org /english/s/p235.html (20824 words)

	ODIN results for language Gilyak (NIV) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		(Alternate names and dialects for Gilyak are Amur, East Sakhalin Gilyak, Nivkh, Nivkhi, and North Sakhalin Gilyak)
		The results presented here represent data found on the Web that contain suspected instances of Interlinear Glossed Text (IGT).
		Funding for ODIN has been provided by the Data-Driven Linguistics Ontology grant (NSF #0411348) and the California State University, Fresno.
	www.csufresno.edu /odin/igt_urls.php?lang=NIV (123 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: The Social Organization of the Gilyak (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Amazon.ca: Books: The Social Organization of the Gilyak
		Look for books like The Social Organization of the Gilyak by subject:
		Top of Page : The Social Organization of the Gilyak
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/029597799X (108 words)

	Introduction
		Alexander Vovin, who reconstructed the phonology and the vocabulary of Proto-Ainu, has the view that Ainu language came from Southeast Asia.
		After completing his comparative studies on Proto-Ainu and Southeast Asian languages, Vovin states that the most distinctive characteristics of Ainu from neighbor languages, such as Korean or Gilyak, are those of the initial consonant cluster and the rich vowel systems.
		Through the reconstruction of Proto-Ainu, Vovin found that Proto-Ainu had a richer vowel system than modern Ainu, and that several initial consonant clusters (pr-, tr-, hr-,ty- and hd) had been lost in modern Ainu (Vovin 1993, 176).
	linguistics.byu.edu /classes/ling450ch/reports/ainu.htm (2947 words)

	Amazon.ca: Music: Ifukube: Anthology of vox principal works [Import] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		To hear a song sample, click on the song titles below that are followed by
		Ancient Minstrelsies Of Gilyak Tribes: II Ancient Minstrelsies Of Gilyak Tribes: III
		Ancient Minstrelsies Of Gilyak Tribes: IV Three Lullabies Among The Native Tribes On The Island Of Sakhalin: I
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/B000001ZKI (309 words)

	Don't Call It Paradise by Gayle Pearson, ISBN 068982579X And The Social Organization of the Gilyak
		Don't Call It Paradise by Gayle Pearson, ISBN 068982579X And The Social Organization of the Gilyak
		Don't Call It Paradise by Gayle Pearson, ISBN 068982579X
		"The Social Organization of the Gilyak" was published in June 1999 by American Museum of Natural History.
	www.cvcellular.com /call.html (155 words)

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