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Gilyak Gilyak (ethnonym: Nivxi) is a language spoken in Outer Manchuria[?], in the basin of the Amgum, a tributary of the Amur, along the lower reaches of the Amur and on the northern half of Sakhalin. The Gilyak do not appear to be related to any of their neighbours nor to any other people on earth. The Gilyaks suffered severely from the Cossack conquest and imposition of the Tsarist Russian penal policy which turned the whole island of Sakhalin into a penal settlement. www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/gi/Gilyak.html   (282 words)

Etymologie, Étymologie, Etymology - RU Russland, Russische Föderation, Russie, Russia - Sprache, Langue, Language ethnologue - Aux - Language of RU (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=che ethnologue - Kara - Language of RU (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=nog ethnologue - Saami, Ter - Language of RU (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sjt www.etymologie.info /~e/r_/ru-sprach.html   (5914 words)

Nivkh - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02) Nivkh or Gilyak (ethnonym: Nivxi) (language, нивхгу - Nivxgu) is a language spoken in Outer Manchuria, in the basin of the Amgun, a tributary of the Amur, along the lower reaches of the Amur and on the northern half of Sakhalin. Gilyak is a language isolate, i.e., it does not appear to be related to any other language. The Gilyaks suffered severely from the Cossack conquest and imposition of the Tsarist Russian penal policy which turned the whole island of Sakhalin into a penal settlement. www.encyclopedia-online.info /Nivkhs   (306 words)

Eurasiatic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Indo-European is a language family encompassing most of the languages of Europe and many of the languages of Asia. Gilyak, also called Nivkh, is spoken in the northern half of the island of Sakhalin and on the Asian mainland opposite. Chukotian comprises a group of languages spoken in Chukotka, at the extreme northeast of the Russian Federation, and to its south on the Kamchatka Peninsula. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eurasiatic   (668 words)

Alaskool - Many Tongues, Ancient Tales It is a single well-defined language with four dialects diverging from the main one: Egegik (Aglegmuit-Tarupiaq); Nunivak; Hooper Bay-Chevak, diverging in the direction of Pacific Gulf Yupik; and Unaliq in Norton Sound, diverging in the direction of Siberian Yupik or Naukanski in the Soviet Union. The languages on the Soviet side, with the definite exception of Yakut and possible exception of some Chukchi, are now spoken by few or none under the age of 20. It thus becomes a race against time to document these languages as fully as possible before they are lost, and their revival or survival as living languages in both Asia and America is a question for the coming century. www.alaskool.org /language/manytongues/ManyTongues.html   (3421 words)

Gilyak: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com The Gilyaks suffered severely from the Cossack conquest and imposition of the...with the Gilyak being used as a 'model ' nation that had gone directly from the stone... Gilyak (ethnonym: Nivxi) is a language spoken in Outer Manchuria[?], in the basin of the Amgum, a tributary of the Amur, along the lower reaches of the Amur and on the northern half of Sakhalin. The Gilyak do not appear to be related to any of their neighbours nor to any other people on earth. www.encyclopedian.com /gi/Gilyak.html   (459 words)

Wikipedia: Gilyaks Gilyak or Nivkh is a language (or small group of closely-related languages) spoken on Sakhalin and on the northeast Asian mainland near the lower Amur River. After the Russian revolution, a Gilyak autonomous okrug was created during the 1920s. The language was encouraged and Chuner Taksami is the most prominent figure of Gilyak literature. www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/g/gi/gilyaks.html   (95 words)

Nivkh language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Nivkh or Gilyak (ethnonym: Nivxi) is a language spoken in Outer Manchuria, in the basin of the Amgun, a tributary of the Amur, along the lower reaches of the Amur and on the northern half of Sakhalin. Recently it was included in the controversial Eurasiatic languages hypothesis by Joseph Greenberg. However, the number of native speakers of the Nivkh language among these has dropped from 100% to 23.3% in the same period, so that there are now just over 1,000 first-language speakers left. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nivkh_language   (217 words)

The Tungus Branch of the Altaic Language Family Tungusic languages tend to have a significant number of dialects, due to the fact that the people who speak them have lived in small tribal communities or clans in relative isolation from each other. Tungusic languages are agglutinative, which means that each affix retains its form when added to a root or to another affix. Tungusic languages spoken on the territory of Russia, are mostly written in Cyrillic. www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/april/TungusBranch.html   (645 words)

Gilyaks Gilyak or Nivkh is a language (or small group of closely-related languages) spoken on Sakhalin and on the northeast Asian mainland near the lower Amur River. After the Russian revolution, a Gilyak autonomous okrug was created during the 1920s. The language was encouraged and Chuner Taksami is the most prominent figure of Gilyak literature. www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/gi/Gilyaks.html   (74 words)

Scientist at Work: What We All Spoke When the World Was Young Speaking 5,000 languages, they had long forgotten the ancient mother tongue that had both united and yet dispersed this little band of cousins to the four corners of the earth. Not every language shows this pattern, but almost every Amerindian language family has one or more languages that have it, suggesting that all are derived from an original language in which first and second person pronouns started this way. In the course of classifying the languages of the Americas, Dr. Greenberg realized that their major families were related to languages on the Eurasian continent, as would be expected if the Americas had been inhabited by people migrating through Siberia. www.artsci.wustl.edu /~anthro/articles/archaeo-language.html   (2142 words)

Ethnologue: Russia, Asia Russian is used as the second language by all except older people as a contact language, for literature, and urban professional and cultural life. Dolgan is the contact language on the Tajmyr Peninsula, and is spoken also by Evenki, Nganasan, and long-term Russian residents. Gilyak is taught through second grade in the settlements at Nogliki and Nekrasovka. www.christusrex.org /www3/ethno/RusA.html   (3296 words)

Language Isolates   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02) Back at the dawn of recording of language 5,000 years ago, the very first we language we find in cuneiform texts from about 3100 B.C. has never been shown to be related to any other language ancient or modern. It has never been shown to belong to any existing language family, though some have suggested that there is some connection to the Iberian languages of antiquity that the Romans encountered on the Iberian peninsula. A number of languages that were spoken in North America at the time of the arrival of Europeans have become extinct. home.bluemarble.net /~langmin/miniatures/isolates.htm   (870 words)

language families of the world Languages include Hindi and Urdu (400 million), Bengali (200 million), Spanish (300 million), Portuguese (200 million), French (100 million), German (100 million), Russian (300 million), and English (400 million) in Europe and the Americas. There are three language isolates represented on this map, unrelated to any of the language families: Basque thrives between France and Spain. The Kartvelian languages are considered by many linguists to be a separate family, possibly related to Indo-European. ling.ucsc.edu /~hank/languagefamilies.html   (809 words)

Language Log: Professional Foolishness A favorite activity here on Language Log is pointing out the deficiencies of what various non-specialists say and think about language and linguistics: journalists (here, here, and here), language pundits (here, here and here), geneticists, political scientists, actors, and sea captains. Even the "lumpers" distinguish half-a-dozen language families in New Guinea; historical linguists who insist that relationships be established by the comparative method divide the non-Austronesian languages of New Guinea into 68 language families. There is a proposal by Joseph Greenberg for a language family known as Indo-Pacific, consisting of the Papuan languages, the languages of Tasmania, and the languages of the Andaman Islands, but it has never been supported by adequate evidence and is not taken seriously. itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/000780.html   (1081 words)

Gujarati Language isolates are languages that have no known historical or linguistic relationship to any other languages. In some cases, languages are classified as isolates because we know so little about them that we are unable to establish a family relationship. In other cases, the languages are well known and well described, but a family relationship cannot be determined, e.g., Korean and Basque. www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/february2006/languageIsolates.html   (173 words)

Bibliographic Standards:UKMARC Manual Where one spoken language is written in two different sets of characters, both languages have been included in the list but only one code has been assigned. An ancient language form that does not have a unique code will be assigned the code for the major language group to which it belongs instead of the code for the modern form. Language codes are arranged in two alphabetical sequences, by language and by language code. www.bl.uk /services/bibliographic/marc/marcappbn.html   (361 words)

Language Language families can be divided into smaller phylogenetic units, conventionally referred to as branches of the family, because the history of a language family is often represented as a tree diagram. Languages that cannot be reliably classified into any family are known as language isolates. A language isolated in its own branch within a family, such as Greek within Indo-European, is often also called an isolate, but such cases are usually clarified. www.angindia.com /biographyland/biography_language.html   (462 words)

Language family information - Search.com The common ancestor of the languages belonging to a language family is known as its protolanguage. Languages are considered unclassified either because, for one reason or another, little effort has been made to compare them with other languages, or, more commonly, because they are too poorly documented to permit reliable classification. Although deaf sign languages have emerged naturally in deaf communities alongside or among spoken languages, they are unrelated to spoken languages and have different grammatical structures at their core. www.search.com /reference/Language_family   (1151 words)

Paleosiberian languages - Encyclopedia.com Only a few languages survive of this once extensive family, which formerly was spread over a considerable area of N Asia. Among the Paleosiberian languages still in use are Chukchi, Koryak, Kamchadal, Yukaghir, and Gilyak. In a polysynthetic language, a number of word elements are joined together to form a composite word that functions like a sentence in Indo-European languages. www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Paleosib.html   (198 words)

Nivkh or Gilyak ethnonym Nivxi language #1085 #1080 #1074 #1093... "Nivkh" or "Gilyak" (ethnonym: Nivxi) (language, нивхгу - Nivxgu) is a language spoken in Outer Manchuria Outer Manchuria, in the basin of the Amgun Amgun, a tributary of the Amur Amur, along the lower reaches of the Amur Amur and on the northern half of Sakhalin Sakhalin. The Gilyak is a language isolate language isolate, i.e., it does not appear to be related to any other language. The Gilyaks suffered severely from the Cossack Cossack conquest and imposition of the Tsarist Russian penal policy which turned the whole island of Sakhalin Sakhalin into a penal settlement. www.biodatabase.de /Nivkh   (384 words)

John Benjamins: Book details for Dependent-Head Synthesis in Nivkh [TSL 57] For this purpose, a new delimitation and classification of polysynthesis is proposed on the basis of an evaluation of 75 languages. In this masterly, detailed analysis of the phonology-syntax interface in Nivkh (Gilyak), a language isolate of eastern most Asia, Johanna Mattissen succeeds in showing how phonological and other evidence force an analysis whereby many constructions that would be phrases in other languages must be treated as single words. Her novel analysis of Nivkh morphosyntax in terms of dependent-head synthesis,by which modifiers are morphologically joined to their heads, and governees to their governors, makes a compelling case for recognizing a type of morphological complexity that, although it partly resembles polysynthesis, does not fit easily into existing typological categories. www.benjamins.nl /cgi-bin/t_bookview.cgi?bookid=TSL_57   (703 words)

Endangered Languages of Siberia - The Nivkh language The state of the Nivkh language was strongly affected by the forced resettlement of the Nivkh from old small coast villages to bigger ones in the early 1950s. In education the Nivkh language is taught as a subject until the 3 grade in three primary schools and two secondary schools of the Sakhalin and Khabarovsk district. The Nivkh language is used restrictedly in families, private life, personal contacts, traditional economical activities, national rituals and generally by the people of elder generation, the younger generation does not know the language or has bad command of it. lingsib.iea.ras.ru /en/languages/nivkh.shtml   (1342 words)

Nivkhs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Nivkhs (also Nivkh or Gilyak; ethnonym: Nivxi; language, нивхгу - Nivxgu) are an indigenous people inhabiting the region of the Amur River estuary and on nearby Sakhalin Island. Most speak Russian, though about 10 percent speak the Nivkh language. There followed two occupations by the Japanese in 1904-5 and 1920-5, plus the Russian Revolution, Stalin's witch-hunts and the collectivizations, with the Nivkh being used as a 'model' nation that had gone directly from the stone age to socialism. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gilyaks   (410 words)

Language Family Information for the Numbers List Ardhamagadhi, one of the post-Sanskrit dialects or Prakrits, is the language of the Jain scriptures. Caucasian languages (which many scholars divide into two to four unrelated families) tend to have SOV word order and ergative case systems-- the same can be said of Basque, which has led to plenty of speculation but no solid proof of relationship. A posteriori languages are based on existing natural languages (or are developments of previous a posteriori languages (e.g. www.zompist.com /families.htm   (3750 words)

language families of the world Languages include Hindi and Urdu (400 million), Bengali (200 million), Spanish (300 million), Portuguese (200 million), French (100 million), German (100 million), Russian (300 million), and English (400 million) in Europe and the Americas. There are three language isolates represented on this map, unrelated to any of the language families: Basque thrives between France and Spain. The Kartvelian languages are considered by many linguists to be a separate family, possibly related to Indo-European. webspace.ship.edu /cgboer/languagefamilies.html   (835 words)

[No title] Then you have to be able to gauge the enormously variable reliability of the vastly heterogeneous sources and descriptions; to learn to envision the dynamical evolution of a system so complex as language, to distinguish on sight the probable scenario from the improbable, the likely archaism from the result of more recent evolution... After all, since the ancient languages are missing, the temporal distance between their various modern descendants are great: even languages in the same group can differ from each other more than Sanskrit differs from Greek. But one must be on intimate terms with all of the latter, or be acquainted with them, at the least: for the reliability of this or that detail must ever be judged, and the probability of any given solution crucially hangs on the details... starling.rinet.ru /memorial/chernov2.php   (2123 words)

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