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Topic: Gingiva

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	Gingiva - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gingiva is considered an extension of the skin, which have become mucous membranes.
		The gingivae are naturally transparent; they are rendered red in color because of the blood flowing through them.
		The gingivae are connected to the teeth and bone through the periodontium.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gingiva (147 words)

	Gingiva
		The gingiva is the only one of the four periodontal tissues normally seen in the mouth.
		The attached gingiva is keratinised to withstand the stress of ripping and tearing food.
		The free gingiva surrounds the crown of the tooth.
	www.vet.ed.ac.uk /clive/cal/Dentistry/website/periodontal/pertissues/gingiva.html (50 words)

	Gingiva
		The gingiva is the tough, insoluble protein mucosa (a type of membrane) that surrounds the teeth.
		The gingiva is attached in part to the cementum of the tooth and in part to the alveolar bone.
		Free gingiva is firmly bound to the underlying tooth and alveolar bone.
	www.dentalfind.com /glossary/gingiva.html (381 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 9, Ch. 106, Teeth And Periodontium
		Normally, the gums (gingivae) are firm, tightly adapted to the teeth, and contoured so they come to a point anteriorly.
		Keratinized gingiva near the crowns is pink, stippled tissue.
		The gingivae are soft because the keratinized cells that resist abrasion by food particles are absent.
	www.merck.com /pubs/mmanual/section9/chapter106/106e.htm (1410 words)

	Swollen Gums
		Most common cause of swollen gums is infection of the “gingiva”, caused by plaque, which is a thin covering of food and bacteria on the tooth surface.
		The sight of the gingiva is sufficient to diagnose the condition.
		Gingival fluid is a fluid produced by the gingiva in the space between the teeth and the gingiva called gingival sulcus.
	www.medindia.net /Patients/PatientInfo/swollengums.htm (694 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		First, examine the buccal and labial aspects of the gingiva and alveolar ridges (processes) by starting with the right maxillary posterior gingiva and alveolar ridge and then move around the arch to the left posterior area.
		Drop to the left mandibular posterior gingiva and laveolar ridge and move around the arch to the right posterior area.
		Second, examine the palatal and lingual aspects as had been done on the facial side, from right to left on the palatal (maxilla) and left to right on the lingual (mandible).
	www.tambcd.edu /oralexam/exam05.htm (87 words)

	The District of Columbia Academy of Veterinary Medicine
		The periodontium is comprised of the gingiva, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and cementum.
		Microscopically, the gingiva is comprised of a central core of dense connective tissue and an outer surface of stratified squamous epithelium.
		In addition to maintaining the tooth's attachment to the alveolar bone, and the structure of the gingiva in relation to the tooth, the PDL acts as a shock absorber and a means of transmitting occlusal forces to bone.2 The cells of the PDL are active in ongoing remodeling of cementum and the PDL.
	www.dcavm.org /05feb.html (10702 words)

	Periodontal Maintenance
		Typically the normal attached gingiva has been worn away with improper brushing, although some people are born with very little attached gingiva.
		In this case there is a small band of attached gingiva left, but it is not strong enough to prevent the muscle pull from causing recession.
		The tissue in the roof of the mouth (palate) is composed of dense connective tissue, similar to attached gingiva.
	www.periodoctors.com /periodontaldisease/gingivalgraft.htm (358 words)

	VetMedCenter - Consumer - Article Details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Squamous cell carcinoma of the gingiva is the most common type of mouth cancer in cats and the second most common type in dogs.
		Squamous cell carcinoma of the gingiva is a rapidly growing tumor that invades the underlying bone.
		Squamous cell carcinoma of the gingiva is diagnosed by physical examination of the mouth, throat, and head; radiographs (X-rays); and biopsy (removal and examination of tissue).
	consumer.vetmedcenter.com /Consumer/display.asp?id=26138&dt=p (483 words)

	Gum Recession
		The attached gingiva is immovable and tough, and deflects food as it hits the gum.
		However, normally the attached gingiva is wide and strong enough to act as a barrier, which prevents the gum from being pulled down (receding).
		A lack of attached gingiva is sometimes associated with a high frenum attachment, which exaggerates the pull on the gum margin.
	www.vermontperio.com /gumrecession/recession.htm (718 words)

	Differences Between Tooth Stimulation and Capsaicin-induced Neurogenic Vasodilatation in Human Gingiva -- Kemppainen et ...
		in gingiva crosses the midline of the maxilla.
		Gingiva blood flow and temperature changes in young humans with a history of periodontitis.
		An immunohistochemical and monastral blue-vascular labelling study on the involvement of capsaicin-sensitive sensory innervation of the junctional epithelium in neurogenic plasma extravasation in the rat gingiva.
	jdr.iadrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/82/4/303 (2782 words)

	Stabident
		Advance the needle towards the surface of the gingiva at a flat angle so that the flat surface of the bevel is almost parallel to the surface of the gingiva.
		Gently penetrate the surface of the gingiva and slowly inject one or two drops of anesthetic, causing a slight blanching of the tissue.
		If, in spite of using topical, and penetrating the gingiva at a shallow angle, the patient still experiences some sensitivity, an alternative to anesthetizing the attached gingiva is to move the infiltration injection into alveolar mucosa just next to its border with the attached gingiva.
	www.stabident.com /step-1.html (281 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary
		the portion of the gingiva occupying the interproximal space beneath the area of tooth contact, consisting of two papillae and a depression (col) that connects the papillae and conforms to the shape of the interproximal contact area; called also papillary g.
		inflammation of the gingiva and oral mucosa in menopausal and postmenopausal women, characterized microscopically by atrophy of the germinal and prickle cell layers of the gingival epithelium and sometimes by areas of ulceration; considered to be caused by altered estrogen metabolism.
		tuberculous infection of the gingiva, characterized by diffuse, hyperemic, nodular or papillary proliferation of the gingival tissue.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_g_05zPzhtm (3210 words)

	WSAVA 2001 - Basic Periodontal Flaps
		In these cases, gingivectomy removes redundant gingiva to reduce the suprabony pseudopocket depths to facilitate the cleaning of tooth surfaces while maintaining at least 2 mm of attached gingiva.
		Using a periosteal elevator, the gingiva is reflected to expose the root surfaces.
		With the scalpel blade angled to the alveolar bone, the incision is made into the gingiva leaving a thin collar of marginal tissue.
	www.vin.com /VINDBPub/SearchPB/Proceedings/PR05000/PR00057.htm (1167 words)

	July 2002 CDA Journal - Feature Article, Copyright 2002 Journal of the California Dental Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The gingiva is that part of the masticatory mucosa which surrounds the cervical portion of the teeth and acts as the covering for the alveolar housing.
		Since thick and thin gingiva is a gross description of the gingival-osseous housing complex, there is often a regional variation of labial plate thickness.
		Volumetric increase in the gingiva was obtained with periodontal grafting for the #13 region, and ridge preservation was performed after extracting tooth #12.
	www.cda.org /cda_member/pubs/journal/jour0702/kao.htm (2834 words)

	Compartmentalization of inflammatory cell phenotypes in normal gingiva and peri-implant keratinized mucosa.
		Compartmentalization of inflammatory cell phenotypes in normal gingiva and peri-implant keratinized mucosa.
		This investigation was aimed at the evaluation of the in situ phenotype and topographic distribution of the inflammatory cells in clinically normal gingiva and peri-implant keratinized mucosa (PIKM).
		Soft tissue biopsies were obtained from clinically healthy gingiva or PIKM in 14 patients.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1996/oct/M96A0607.html (399 words)

	Gingivitis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Gingivitis is a disorder involving inflammation of the gums (gingiva).
		Periodontal disease is when inflammation and infection destroy the tissues that support the teeth, including the gingiva (gums), the periodontal ligaments, and the tooth sockets (alveolar bone).
		Plaque and tartar irritate and inflame the gingiva.
	www.samc.org /adam/hie/001056.htm (327 words)

	Periodontal Disease
		An ideal method allows exposure of the root surface, preserves the attached gingiva, and allows the gingiva to be resutured in a fashion to eliminate the periodontal pocket and promote reattachment to the root surface.
		A periosteal elevator is used to reflect the gingiva exposing the alveolar bone.
		The horizontally incised gingiva is resutured to the new height of the alveolar bone, thus reducing the pocket depth.
	www.dentalvet.com /patients/periodontics/periodontal_disease.htm (1302 words)

	Gingival Grafting (Gum Grafting)
		In a healthy mouth, teeth are surrounded by gingiva and mucosa tissue.
		Gingiva (gum) tissue is pink, thick, and dense under a microscope.
		A thin piece of tissue is taken from the roof of the mouth, or gently moved over from adjacent areas, to provide a stable band of attached gingiva around the tooth.
	www.scholesperio.com /surgical_procedures/gum_graft.html (606 words)

	Family Dentistry - The Loewe and Wright Way - Forensics, Cosmetic Dentistry, Implant Dentistry
		Generally, red and swollen gingiva that bleeds easily when probed or flossed are often signs of gingivits, the earliest stage of gum disease.
		This examination includes a visual look to see if the gingiva is firm and pink, which is the appearance of healthy gingiva or if the gingiva is red and puffy or swollen which indicates unhealthy gingiva.
		The infected gingiva at this stage of the disease usually has little or no discomfort but the toxins are already poisoning and destroying the gingiva and bone supporting the adjacent tooth.
	www.cincytoothdoc.com /newsletter.html (2455 words)

	Oral Health- Oral & pharangeal cancer
		The gingiva is more firmly attached to the underlying bone than the alveolar mucosa.
		The gingiva varies from pale pink to brown depending on an individual'ss skin color.
		For more description of the gingiva, please refer to the section on Periodontal Diseases.
	oralhealth.dent.umich.edu /VODI/html/03-oc/a-anatomy/gingiva.html (57 words)

	OralCare India - Disease Information - Swollen Gums
		Most common cause is infection of the “gingiva”, by a thin covering of food and bacteria on the tooth surface called “Plaque”.
		Due to certain normal condition such as pregnancy and puberty, there is swelling of the gingiva seen.
		The gingiva becomes soft and spongy; rarely it may become thickened due to formation of scar tissue.
	www.oralcareindia.com /patients/diseases/swollengums.asp (341 words)

	American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry - Search Articles / Publications
		The width of the attached gingiva of 54 children 12 to 14
		The width of the attached gingiva of 96
		gingiva of the permanent incisors and that of the mandibular
	www.aapd.org /searcharticles/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=1337 (170 words)

	Bite - In
		But when we speak about the gingiva, this pigment is not desired at all, as normally would like to have a uniform pink gingiva.
		Depigmentation of marginal gingiva is what intrigued this clinician and the demand (read desire) by the patient propelled him to subject this span of gingiva to this procedure.
		If the gingiva displayed in the smile window, is an important entity, then the color of the gingiva can be altered to achieve acceptable qualities.
	www.bitein.com /dcp01.htm (511 words)

	Periodontal disease-a primer on recognition and therapy - DVM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The attached gingiva is located apical (toward the tooth root) to the marginal gingiva and normally is tightly bound to the alveolar crest and the periosteum of alveolar bone.
		Attached gingiva is keratinized to withstand the stress of ripping and tearing.
		The probe stops where the gingiva attaches to the tooth or at the apex of the alveolus if attachment is lost.
	www.dvmnewsmagazine.com /dvm/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=81805 (1289 words)

	Dental Terminology - DentalVet.com
		Attached gingiva – The gingiva that extends from the free gingival groove to the mucogingival line.
		Epithelial attachment - Tissue attaching the gingiva to the tooth.
		Free gingiva - Portion of the gingiva not directly attached to the tooth that forms the gingival wall of the sulcus.
	www.dentalvet.com /Encyclopedia/P00352_SC01112.htm (1761 words)

	Allan Rousselle's House of Cards: Gingiva Graft Archives
		A little while ago, I had this gum surgery called a "gingiva graft" because, well, a bit of a recession in my gums became a bit of a tear, and it had to be repaired.
		It's an interesting phenomenon, insofar as the only expertise I really have with regard to gingiva grafts is the fact that I had one.
		And all I had to do to get my day off is go in to the periodontist to have her "freshen up" my gums with a diamond-bit drill and sew what's left back together.
	www.rousselle.com /allan/archives/cat_gingiva_graft.html (5813 words)

	November 2002 CDA Journal - Feature Article, Copyright 2002 Journal of the California Dental Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		When excessive gingiva covers enamel, the sulcus depth will increase, thereby allowing a safe harbor for bacteria and decreasing the ease of access for plaque removal.
		If the alveolar bone is abnormally high or thick, both the bone and gingiva must be treated together during surgery.
		If the root is not covered with gingiva, the dentist might also face patient dissatisfaction with regard to sensitivity or cosmetic issues (Figures 9 and 10).
	www.cda.org /cda_member/pubs/journal/jour1102/nordland.htm (3210 words)

	Common animal dentistry problems
		Unfortunately it does decrease the amount of attached gingiva, which is the most important line of defense, so it is only used in area with sufficient attached gingiva.
		The gingiva is typically repositioned apically (towards the bottom of the root) to lower the height of the gingiva to decrease pocket depth for ease of home cleaning as gingivectomy does.
		This is a much more difficult procedure than gingivectomy, and is used in areas where there is limited attached gingiva, or where the pocket extends to close or below the mucogingival line (where the attached gingiva ends and the alveolar mucosa starts).
	www.dogbeachdentistry.com /periosx.html (751 words)

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