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	Lili Capsule, Anti-cancer Products, Cure cancer/ cancer treatment, Lili Capsule, Anti- Brain fatigue product, ...
		Ginsenoside Rh2 can help the quantity of hemoleukocyte in these who just accepted radioactivity return to normal, so as to improve their immunity and other fatal infection can be exempted.
		Besides, what we want to warn you is that when you take ginsenoside rh2,you should avoid wine and peppery food in order to solidify the effect; the diabetic 、the nephritic and the small intestine malabsorption patients will have little effect when they take ginsenoside rh2.
		The ginsenoside rh2 has the ability to intensify the hemoleukocyte and blood platelet, enhance the resistance to virus, reduce the inside and outside bleeding, prevent pathological changes of heart blood vessel.
	www.km-lc.com /en/zhishi/zhi5.html (1574 words)

	Ginsenoside - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ginsenosides are a class of steroid-like compounds, triterpene saponins, found exclusively in the plant genus Panax (ginseng).
		Ginsenosides have been the target of research, as they are viewed as the active compounds behind the claims of ginseng's efficacy.
		Because ginsenosides appear to affect multiple pathways, their effects are complex and difficult to isolate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ginsenoside (237 words)

	Korean (Panax) Ginseng - RxList Alternatives
		Ginsenosides are usually considered the main constituents to the therapeutic effect of Ginseng (see Pharmacology and Clinical Studies), and when procuring the herb in forms other than the natural root (i.e.
		Even if the correct genus is listed, toxic or stimulant adulterations, absence of the constituent ginsenosides, mixing species, labeling that is either erroneous or lacking in information make it adviseable to look for the U.S.P. notation on a product showing that the manufacturer follows standards established by the U.S. Pharmacopoeia.
		The ginsenoside composition of the main root, lateral root, rhizome, leaves and seeds of Panax ginseng cultivated in Jilin, China was studied.
	www.rxlist.com /cgi/alt/ginseng.htm (1517 words)

	British Journal of Pharmacology - Ginsenosides Rb1 and Re decrease cardiac contraction in adult rat ventricular ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Ginsenosides are normally fractioned into two groups based on the types of aglycone, namely the panaxadiol group (e.g., Rb and Rc) and panaxatriol group (e.g., Rg and Re) (Figure 1).
		Ginsenoside Re was shown to markedly depress the P wave in ECG with no effect on P − R, QRS, and Q − T intervals or R wave (Jin and Liu, 1994).
		Although the mechanism underneath the inhibitory response of ginsenosides is still not clear, the ability of ginsenosides to shorten the plateau of action potential indicates potential involvement of Ca channel blockade (Jin and Liu, 1994).
	www.nature.com /bjp/journal/v134/n6/full/0704377a.html (3727 words)

	American Journal of Chinese Medicine: Effects of Ginsenoside Rb2 and Rc on Inferior Human Sperm Motility In Vitro
		One hundred ul of Ginsenoside solution measured with a digital micropipette (R880/B, Volac) and equal volume of the Percoll treated sperm were mixed and placed into a 37 [degrees] C incubator with 5% [CO.sub.2] and 95% O2 (Napco Model 5410 USA).
		The results demonstrated that the three different concentrations of Ginsenoside Rb2 did not increase sperm motility at the 1st or 2nd hour, while 0.01 mg/ml and 0.001 mg/ml Ginsenoside Rc significantly enhanced sperm motility at the end of the 1st and 2nd hour.
		The 0.01 mg/ml and 0.001 mg/ml Ginsenoside Rc treated groups enhanced sperm progression, and the increase was statistically significant at the end of the 1st and 2nd hour.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0HKP/is_1_29/ai_73711388 (1178 words)

	Jahrbuch-CD der MPG 2003 - Effects of ginsenosides on glyc
		Ginsenosides, major active ingredients of Panax ginseng, are known to regulate the excitatory ligandgated ion channel activity.
		We investigated the effect of ginsenosides on human glycine alpha1 receptor channel activity expressed in Xenopus oocytes using a two- electrode voltage clamp technique.
		These results indicate that ginsenosides might regulate gylcine receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes and this regulation might be one of the pharmacological actions of Panax ginseng.
	www.mpg.de /forschungsergebnisse/wissVeroeffentlichungen/archivListenJahrbuch/2003/41/publZIM22.html (188 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Ginsenoside increased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase, lowered malondialdehyde levels in serum and renal tissue, decreased urinary levels of glucose, sodium and potassium in rats as well as urea nitrogen and creatinine in serum.
		Cocaine (15 mg/kg) induced hyperactivity was inhibited by Ginsenoside Rb1 and ginsenoside Rg1 in mice Kim 1999
		Morphine-induced hyperactivity was inhibited by ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 in mice Kim 1998
	www.herbmed.org /viewherb.asp?varHerb_ID=108 (4834 words)

	Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. or quinquefolius L.
		Ginsenoside Rb1 is hydrolyzed to protopanaxadiol by 79% of 58 human fecal specimens; attributed to Prevotella oris intestinal bacteria Hasegawa 1997
		Ginsenoside Rb2 stimulated epidermal cell proliferation, increased cell thymidine uptake compared to control, dose-dependently stimulated epidermis formation in raft culture and dose dependently enhanced the expressions of protein factors related to cell proliferation.
		Ginsenosides injected into mice produced antinociceptive effects at the spinal and/or supraspinal site, not at nociceptors in the periphery and these effects are not mediated by opioid receptors.
	www.herbmed.org /Herbs/Herb108.htm (4184 words)

	Researchers urge caution over using ginseng in early pregnancy
		It was therefore possible that lower concentrations of ginsenoside Rb1 might have caused less severe abnormalities that escaped detection by their research assessments, which were designed to study only gross abnormalities.
		Ginsenoside Rb1 is only one of the ginsenosides in commercially available ginseng.
		The most common reasons for their use was that the women believed they were good for pregnancy and the foetus and good for their general health.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-09/esfh-ruc092003.php (777 words)

	Ginsenoside Rg3 raw materials
		Ginsenoside Rg3 is easy to be absorbed, plasma concentration can be tested 5 minutes after oral application.
		(Appendix 11: plasma concentration assay of Ginsenoside Rg3, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, 2005)
		Dalian Fusheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd is a leading supplier of 90-99% ginsenoside Rg3, Dioscin, Liquiritin and Fritillaria Polysaccharide in the world.
	www.berlinkauf.com /Ginsenoside_Rg3_raw-199396.html (387 words)

	CT 4/98 Getting to the root of ginseng
		I emphasize the ginsenoside structures that are considered to be the main active compounds and their quantitative determination in ginseng roots and phytomedicines.
		These compounds are triterpene saponins, named ginsenosides Rx according to their mobility on thin-layer chromatography plates, with polarity decreasing from index "a" to "h" (Figure 2).
		In certain cases, especially for the rapid identification of ginsenosides in plant material or for their determination in biological fluids, methods such as liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry or radioimmunoassay are used.
	pubs.acs.org /hotartcl/chemtech/98/apr/get.html (2436 words)

	Purification and Characterization of {alpha}-L-Arabinopyranosidase and {alpha}-L-Arabinofuranosidase from ...
		hydrolyzed PNAf and ginsenoside Rc and weakly catalyzed PNAp.
		Intestinal bacterial hydrolysis is required for the appearance of compound K in rat plasma after oral administration of ginsenoside Rb1 from panax ginseng.
		Saponins and sapogenins of ginseng: stereochemistry of the sapogenin of ginsenoside Rb1, Rb2 and Rc.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/69/12/7116 (2850 words)

	Ginsenosides as Quality
		Pharmacologically, the active medicinal principles of the herb are a group of triterpene saponins known as ginsenosides.
		Ginsenoside Rb1, shown to the right, is the most abundant of the twenty plus known ginsenosides.
		Considerable variation in ginsenosides exists, not only among populations, but also among individuals within a population suggesting that selection of superior genotype may be possible using micropropagation from callus, via somatic embryogenesis (Figure 5).
	www.hort.cornell.edu /department/faculty/mudge/ginsenosides/Ginsenosides.html (476 words)

	Ginsenoside, neurotrophic - Mind and Muscle
		I have been taking 5 g of ginseng extract (6% ginsenosides, which works out to be 300 mg of the active substance), divided in two doses daily.
		Ginsenosides also activated the proofreading ability of 3'- to 5'-exonuclease activity associated with DNA pol delta.
		UV/Vis difference spectroscopic studies suggested that the activation of DNA pol delta by ginsenosides might be due to the conformational change induced by ginsenosides binding.
	www.mindandmuscle.net /forum/index.php?showtopic=15306&hl=ginseng (2391 words)

	British Journal of Pharmacology - Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits phenylephrine-induced vascular contraction through induction ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Ginsenoside Rg3, Rb1 and Rc represent protopanaxa-diols, whereas ginsenoside Rg1 and Re are protopanaxatriols.
		Among the ginsenosides of the protopanaxatriol and protopanaxadiol groups, ginsenoside Rg3 is the most potent vasodilator.
		In vivo inhibition of vascular contractility by ginsenosides
	www.nature.com /bjp/journal/v140/n4/full/0705490a.html (6570 words)

	British Journal of Pharmacology - Ginseng saponins induce store-operated calcium entry in Xenopus oocytes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In this experiment, ginsenoside treatment did not affect the basal intracellular Ca level in hippocampal neurons in normal medium as shown in a previous report by Kim et al.
		Previous reports have shown that ginsenosides inhibit high threshold voltage-dependent Ca channels via pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins in several types of neuronal cells such as chromaffin cells and sensory neurons (Nah and McCleskey, 1994; Nah et al., 1995; Choi et al., 2001a; Rhim et al., 2002).
		Ginsenosides inhibited cation influx by blocking ligand-gated cation channel activity such as glutamate, 5-HT, and muscle and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (Choi et al., 2002; Kim et al., 2002; Sala et al., 2002; Choi et al., 2003b).
	www.nature.com /bjp/journal/v142/n3/full/0705797a.html (6537 words)

	Information about the different varieties of ginseng
		Ginsenoside is the active ingredient/chemical that gives ginseng its energy boosting and stimulating effects.
		Wild ginseng is usually considered the most potent due to the fact that the harvested roots are usually older, and growing in the wild provides the perfect environment for Ginsenoside production within the plant.
		Our roots are sought after for their wild appearance and high Ginsenoside levels.
	www.hardingsginsengfarm.com /newinfo.htm (253 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| Herbal remedy pregnancy warning
		They found that embryos exposed to more than 30 micrograms per millilitre of ginsenoside Rb1 showed signs of significant developmental abnormalities, including problems with their heart, eyes and limbs.
		Dr Chan said the study provided strong evidence that ginsenoside was capable of causing malformations in rat embryos - known technically as a teratogenic effect.
		Ginseng is used to enhance stamina and the capacity to cope with fatigue and physical stress.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/health/3133022.stm (580 words)

	Antidiabetic Effects of Panax ginseng Berry Extract and the Identification of an Effective Component -- Attele et al. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Concentrations of ginsenoside Re, Rb2, and Rd in the berry were significantly higher than in the root.
		Ginsenoside Re, at a dose of 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg,
		C: 20 mg/kg ginsenoside Re treatment in ob/ob mice (n = 6), with a significantly higher rate of glucose disposal at 60 and 120 min compared with the vehicle group (both P < 0.01 vs. vehicle-treated mice).
	diabetes.diabetesjournals.org /cgi/content/full/51/6/1851 (5015 words)

	American Ginseng Prong Overview
		The highest levels of ginsenosides are generally found in the fibers and the lowest levels are found in the main tap root.
		Ginsenosides Rf and Rg2 are not present in American ginseng (Chuang, Wu-Chang, et al., 1995).
		Ginsenosides also impart the distinctive ginseng bitter flavor that is well known to ginseng users.
	www.garudaint.com /product.php?id=38 (1344 words)

	Prevention of Ginsenoside-induced Desensitization of Ca2+-activated Cl- Current by Microinjection of Inositol ...
		Ginsenoside is one of the derivatives of triterpenoid
		The extent of the blockade of the ginsenoside effect on Cl current by GRK2 cRNA injection was proportional to the amount
		GRK2 could be enough for ginsenoside- or m1 mAChR-induced Cl channel desensitization (Fig.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/279/11/9912 (3982 words)

	Defeat Diabetes: Ginseng Berry Extract Treats Obesity
		Obese diabetic mice treated with an extract of Panax ginseng berries shed weight and demonstrate significant improvement in glucose homeostasis, investigators from the University of Chicago report in the June issue of the journal Diabetes.
		Their studies also demonstrate an antidiabetic action of ginsenoside Re, the major constituent of the ginseng berry extract.
		Administration of ginsenoside Re alone also produced dose-dependent antidiabetic effects in obese mice but had no effect on body weight.
	www.defeatdiabetes.org /Articles/herbs020718.htm (240 words)

	Warning Over Using Ginseng In Early Pregnancy
		They have found evidence that ginsenoside Rb1 - one of the principal active components of ginseng - can cause abnormalities in rat embryos.
		Dr Louis Chan and colleagues at the Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital, tested ginsenoside Rb1 in various concentrations on 9-day old rat embryos.
		At the highest dose of 50 micrograms the total score fell to 28 and the embryos were also significantly shorter in body length and had fewer somites (muscle pre-cursor cells).
	www.aphroditewomenshealth.com /news/20030825014906_health_news.shtml (1371 words)

	Ginsenoside, neurotrophic - Mind and Muscle
		Preincubation of the enzyme with ginsenosides increased the polymerase activity 2.2-fold in a dose-dependent manner.
		There was a reproducible decrease in Km, in addition to a substantial increase in Vmax, in response to increasing concentrations of ginsenosides.
		The coordinated activation of both polymerase and exonuclease activities of DNA pol delta by ginsenosides is consistent with the view that its polymerase and its exonuclease activities residue on the same protein molecule.
	www.mindandmuscle.net /forum/index.php?showtopic=15306&hl=ginseng (2391 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The problem is further complicated by the fact that health care providers and editors of many medical journals may not know enough about an herb such as ginseng to realize that a wide range of species and product types exist which would lead to predictable variability of chemistry and expected benefits from the outset.
		The independent and interactive effects of species, assay technique, and ginsenoside type on the CV of ginsenoside concentrations were assessed by three-factor analysis of variance.
		The authors conclude that until a universal ginsenoside assay becomes available and the specific ginsenosides responsible for antihyperglycemic indication are identified, the reproducibility of ginsenoside's composition, safety, and efficacy cannot be assured.
	www.herbalgram.org /youngliving/herbclip/review.asp?i=44176 (518 words)

	Hinweise zum Ginseng-Kauf
		Da schreibt ein Anbieter solz, daß sein Präparat 10-fach konzentriert ist und 20+% Ginsenoside enthält. Das hört sich gut an, aber: es bedeutet auch, daß die Ginseng-Wurzel nur rund 2% Ginsenoside enthielt.
		Zum Vergleich: Der IL HWA-Ginseng-Extrakt aus dem Ginseng-Laden.de ist nur 2,9-fach konzentriert, enthält aber 12-15% Ginsenoside.
		Das bedeutet, daß die Wurzel mehr als 4% Ginsenoside enthielt und damit eine sehr gute Qualität hatte.
	www.ginseng-laden.de /000000942b072d901.html (1239 words)

	Korean Ginseng Products, Co. Ltd. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		To date, at least 8 unique ginsenosides are found in Korean Red Ginseng that cannot be found in any other ginseng in the world.
		A saponin is a collective chemical compound group, whereas a ginsenoside is a specific type of compound.
		This means that capsule for capsule, or bag for bag, we have to use more of supreme quality ginseng than other companies putting lower concentration of ginsenoside in their products.
	www.kgpinc.com /company/info_3.htm (738 words)

	Effects of Ginsenoside Rg2 on Human Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors -- Sala et al. 301 (3): 1052 -- Journal ...
		Kim HS and Kim KS (1999) Inhibitory effects of ginseng total saponin on nicotine-induced hyperactivity, reverse tolerance and dopamine receptor supersensitivity.
		Kim HS, Lee JH, Goo YS and Nah SY (1998) Effects of ginsenosides on Ca channels and membrane capacitance in rat adrenal chromaffin cells.
		Krieg PA and Melton DA (1984) Functional messenger RNAs are produced by SP6 in vitro transcription of cloned cDNAs.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/301/3/1052 (4489 words)

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