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Topic: Giocangga

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	Rxpress - Giocangga - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Both he and his son Taksi went to the aid of Nurhaci's uncle Atai whose city was being besieged by a rival Jurchen cheiftan Nikan Wailan, who promised the governance of the city to whoever would kill Atai, one of Atai's underlings rebelled and murdered him.
		Both Giocangga and Taksi were originally under the command of the Ming general Li Chengliang who was siding with Nikan Wailan, in the mist of battle Li thought they had mutiny as they were left in the battlefield, they were killed in the aftermath by Nikan Wailan.
		It was estimated that the average man in the time of Giocangga would have only 20 offspring as of 2005.
	www.rxpresspharmacy.com /wiki/index/Giocangga (184 words)

	Discovery Channel :: News :: History's 2nd-Biggest Stud Found? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Giocangga's grandson Nurhaci (1559-1626) founded the Qing dynasty that ruled China from 1644 to 1912 and established an elite class, the Manchu Imperial nobility.
		Able to keep many concubines, the members of this class were highly privileged: even a ninth-rank nobleman was entitled to receive 11 kilograms of silver and 22,000 litres of rice as his annual stipend.
		It was mandated that the Manchu Imperial nobility had to be male-line descendants of Giocangga, and officially numbered 80,000 by end of the dynasty, according to a book on the Manchu by professor Mark C. Elliott of Harvard.
	dsc.discovery.com /news/briefs/20051107/stud_bio.html (499 words)

	Dienekes' Anthropology Blog: The genetic legacy of the Manchu
		This dynasty was founded by Nurhaci (1559–1626) and was dominated by the Qing imperial nobility, a hereditary class consisting of male-line descendants of Nurhaci's paternal grandfather, Giocangga (died 1582), with >80,000 official members by the end of the dynasty (Elliott 2001).
		A social mechanism was thus established that would have led to the increase of the specific Y lineage carried by Giocangga and Nurhaci and to its spread into a limited number of populations.
		We suggest that the lineage was spread by Qing Dynasty (1644–1912) nobility, who were a privileged elite sharing patrilineal descent from Giocangga (died 1582), the grandfather of Manchu leader Nurhaci, and whose documented members formed ∼0.4% of the minority population by the end of the dynasty.
	dienekes.blogspot.com /2005/10/genetic-legacy-of-manchu.html (729 words)

	The Manila Times Internet Edition \| LIFE & TIMES > Y chromosomes reveal founding father (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Historical records suggest that this man may be Giocangga, who lived in the mid-1500s and whose grandson founded the Qing dynasty, which ruled China from 1644 to 1912.
		The male descendants of Giocangga, like Khan’s sons and grandsons, ruled over vast swathes of land, living a lavish existence with many wives and concubines.
		Although the noble class had 80,000 members by 1912, the Chinese cultural revolution of the sixties and seventies caused people to hide their noble descent for fear of persecution, and many records were destroyed.
	www.manilatimes.net /national/2005/nov/01/yehey/life/20051101lif5.html (636 words)

	Jianzhou Jurchens - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Giocangga, chief of the Beiles of the Sixes, was originally under Li's command since his grandson, the young Nurhaci was under his hostage but later chose to oppose Nikan Wailan and took his fourth son Taksi to support Atai at his stronghold Fort Gure.
		In the ensuing battle at Gure, Atai was defeated, Giocangga and his son were massacred by Nikan Wailan when Li thought they had mutiny and left them behind.
		Soon afterwards, the Ming troops became engaged in another struggle amongst the Haixi Jurchens.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jianzhou_Jurchens (565 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Asia-Pacific \| 1.5m Chinese 'descendants of one man'
		Giocangga's extraordinary number of descendants, concentrated mainly in north-east China and Mongolia, are thought to be a result of the many wives and concubines his offspring took.
		At the time of Giocangga, the population of China was about 100 million - compared with 1.3 billion today.
		This means that the average Chinese man at the time of Giocangga would only have around 20 descendants living today - in marked contrast to Giocangga's 1.5 million men.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/asia-pacific/4396246.stm (427 words)

	Single Chinese man spawned 1.5m \| The Register
		According the the BBC, the high prevalence of a set of genes passed on from Giocangga's Y chromosome is due to his offsprings' hard work in the wife and concubine department.
		The figures stack up thus: the Chinese population in Giocangga's time was around 100 million, compared to 1.3 billion now.
		Giocangga, on the other hand, racks up a whopping 1.5 million.
	www.theregister.co.uk /2005/11/02/chinese_descendants (452 words)

	Indian News: 123India.com World and Regional News
		Geneticists have identified a major lineage of Y chromosomes in populations of northern China that they believe may mark the bearers as descendants of one of the Manchu conquerors who founded the Qing dynasty and ruled China from 1644 to 1912.
		Because the founder of the lineage lived some 500 years ago, according to calculations based on the rate of genetic change, he may have been Giocangga, who died in 1582, the grandfather of the Manchu leader Nurhachi.
		By counting the number of mutations in the lineage’s Y chromosome, Mr Tyler-Smith estimated the common ancestor of all branches of the lineage lived about 500 years ago and was therefore probably the Manchu patriarch Giocangga.
	news.123india.com /news/420051104-f.html (595 words)

	Nurhaci
		He is credited with ordering the creation of a written script for the Manchu language.
		A figure of legend among the Manchu, many myths have come into being about his early life; one involves him avenging the death of his father Taksi and grandfather Giocangga at the hands of the Ming general Li Chengliang.
		In the West, one pop culture reference to him is found in the film Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, in which a small blue vial contains the "essence of Nurgaci."
	www.teachtime.com /en/wikipedia/n/nu/nurhaci.html (311 words)

	Biology News: Y chromosomes reveal founding father
		Only Genghis Khan's Y chromosome approaches the prevalence of Giocangga's, popping up in about 2.5% of the men, says Tyler-Smith.
		Martin Richards, a human geneticist at the University of Leeds, UK, says that Tyler-Smith's analysis showing a common origin for the Y chromosome is among the most thorough he has seen.
		Although the noble class had 80,000 members by 1912, the Chinese cultural revolution of the 60s and 70s caused people to hide their noble descent for fear of persecution, and many records were destroyed.
	www.bioedonline.org /news/news.cfm?art=2116 (784 words)

	Philomathean: To the Victor Goes the Spoils
		By law, male descendants of Giocangga were noblemen.
		As Nature notes, "even a low-rank noble had many concubines, and was presumably expert at spreading Giocangga's chromosome around." Higher ranked nobles "ruled over vast swathes of land, living a lavish existence with many wives and concubines."
		Still, Giocangga has nothing on the Mongolian conqueror Genghis Khan, who currently has more than 16 million living descendants.
	philomathean.blogs.com /philomathean/2005/10/to_the_victor_g.html (212 words)

	Steve Sailer: iSteve.com Blog Archives: Does Genghis Khan have a rival as History's Greatest Lover?
		We suggest that the lineage was spread by Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) nobility, who were a privileged elite sharing patrilineal descent from Giocangga (died 1582), the grandfather of Manchu leader Nurhaci, and whose documented members formed 0.4% of the minority population by the end of the dynasty.
		We reasoned that the events leading to the spread of this lineage might have been recorded in the historical record, as well as in the genetic record.
		This dynasty was founded by Nurhaci (1559 - 1626) and was dominated by the Qing imperial nobility, a hereditary class consisting of male-line descendants of Nurhaci's paternal grandfather, Giocangga (died 1582), with 180,000 official members by the end of the dynasty (Elliott 2001).
	isteve.blogspot.com /2005/10/does-genghis-khan-have-rival-as.html (733 words)

	Giocangga - China-related Topics GI-GL - China-Related Topics
		Giocangga - China-related Topics GI-GL - China-Related Topics
		In 2005, a researcher at the British Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute discovered that Giocangga was the ancestor of over 1.5 million people, mostly in northeastern China and Mongolia.
		To let us provide you with high quality information, you can help us by making a more or less donation:
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Giocangga (231 words)

	All words on Nurhaci
		According to Chinese sources, the young man grew up in the household of Li Chengliang in Fushun, where he became literate in Chinese.
		In 1582 his father Taksi and grandfather Giocangga were killed in an attack on Gure (see Jianzhou Jurchens).
		From 1583 onwards Nurhaci began to unify the Jurchen bands, and when he was 25, he attacked Nikan Wailan to avenge the deaths of his father and grandfather, starting out with only thirteen suits of armor.
	www.allwords.org /nu/nurhaci.html (838 words)

	Ancient Roman Empire Forums > Y Chromosomes Reveal Founding Father
		Oct 25 2005, 07:55 PM About 1.5 million men in northern China and Mongolia may be descended from a single man, according to a study based on Y chromosome genetics.
		Oct 25 2005, 09:22 PM Just because he founded a dynasty does not have to mean he had a ton of children who had tons of children themselves.
		At any rate, the proof has to be actually showing that the Y gene really comes from Giocangga.
	www.unrv.com /forum/lofiversion/index.php/t2347.html (660 words)

	John Hawks Anthropology Weblog : Y chromosomes trace dominance of Manchu dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		While introducing the problem, the paper presents a couple of stumbling blocks that the study had to overcome.
		A major historical event took place in this part of the world during this period - namely, the Manchu conquest of China and the establishment of the Qing dynasty, which ruled China from 1644 to 1912.
		This dynasty was founded by Nurhaci (1559-1626) and was dominated by the Qing imperial nobility, a hereditary class consisting of male-line descendants of Nurhaci's paternal grandfather, Giocangga (died 1582), with >80,000 official members by the end of the dynasty (Elliott 2001).
	johnhawks.net /weblog/reviews/genetics/china/xue_2005_manchu_y_chromosomes.html (1459 words)

	Manchu lineage traced - Deccan Herald - Internet Edition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Because the founder of the lineage lived some 500 years ago, according to calculations based on the rate of genetic change, he may have been Giocangga, who died in 1582, the grandfather of the Manchu leader Nurhaci.
		The Manchus of the Qing dynasty seem the best candidates because there were more than 80,000 official members of the Qing dynasty by 1911, according to a history of the Manchus by Professor Mark C. Elliott of Harvard.
		By counting the number of mutations in the lineage's Y chromosome, Tyler-Smith estimated the common ancestor of all branches of the lineage lived about 500 years ago and was therefore probably the Manchu patriarch Giocangga.
	www.deccanherald.com /deccanherald/nov152005/snt13535920051114.asp (843 words)

	Phantom Tokyo- TOS
		Uhh- say what? I am to call Hibaku, Fuman? Or Giocangga? (eyes M askance) You gotta be kidding.
		Fuman means 'dissatisfaction' in Japanese, and has always been the point of the name Fu Manchu for me, akin to the Kings of de Nile.
		Giocangga sounds too much like Leonardo's painting to me. But thanks for the link.
	web.pitas.com /darte/late_dec_02.html (11736 words)

	Imagethief : Compelling Evidence: Imagethief Rethinks Chinese Virility Tonics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Payback's a bitch.) Instead, as reported in British tech website The Register (an Imagethief favorite), genetecists have apparently determined that one progenitor of China's Qing dynasty is survived by 1.5 million descendants:
		For further reading, the original paper on our man Giocangga is here:
		There is also some controversy over whether Ghengis Khan may have outfecunded Giocangga.
	news.imagethief.com /blogs/china/archive/2005/11/03/4994.aspx (1538 words)

	Scientists Link a Prolific Gene Tree to the Manchu Conquerors of China - New York Times
		Nurhaci led the Manchus until they took the Chinese empire in 1644.
		The Manchus of the Qing dynasty seem the best candidates because there were more than 80,000 official members of the Qing dynasty by 1911, according to a history of the Manchus by Prof.
		By counting the number of mutations in the lineage's Y chromosome, Dr. Tyler-Smith estimated that the common ancestor of all branches of the lineage lived about 500 years ago and was therefore probably the Manchu patriarch Giocangga.
	www.nytimes.com /2005/11/01/science/01manc.html?ex=1288501200&en=dfcc6047669d4a7a&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss (846 words)

	diacritic \| art and culture: Mac Daddy
		Not by McDonalds but Giocangga, the grandfather of the founder of the Qing dynasty, also known as EmperorWan-li.
		Recent genetic research suggests that over 1.5 million Chinese men are the direct descendants of this one single man.
		Honey came in and she caught me red-handed
	www.diacritic.org /blog/archives/2005/11/mac_daddy.htm (205 words)

	China Southern Airlines Company News
		While pro-Tibetan protests plan to disrupt the Chinese president's visit to Britain, London's cultural elite will show its full support for China.
		Research into an unusually high prevalence of a particular set of genes in China has suggested that 1.5 million Chinese men are direct descendants of Giocangga, the grandfather of...
		Sichuan,, is the second largest province of China and is located in the south-western part of the country.
	www.topix.net /com/znh (956 words)

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