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| | Habsburgs |
 | | After defeating Michael the Brave, the army of the Hapsburg general Giorgio Basta persecuted Protestants in Transylvania and illegally expropriated their estates, until Stephen Bocskay (1605-1607), a former Habsburg supporter, mustered an army that expelled the imperial forces. |
 | | In 1606 Bocskay concluded treaties with the Habsburgs and the Turks that secured his position as prince of Transylvania, guaranteed religious freedom, and broadened Transylvania's independence. |
 | | Following the Russian-Turkish war of 1806-1812, Russia annexed the eastern part of Moldavia, the land between the Prut and Dniester rivers, later called Bessarabia (1812-1918). |
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