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	Giovanni Aldini
		Giovanni Aldini was the nephew of Luigi Galvani.
		Giovanni Aldini came to London with a spectacular demonstration.
		When the rods were applied to Forster’s mouth and ear, “the jaw began to quiver, the adjoining muscles were horribly contorted, and the left eye actually opened.” When one rod was moved to touch the rectum, the whole body convulsed: indeed, the movements were “so much increased as almost to give an appearance of re-animation”.
	www.corrosion-doctors.org /Biographies/AldiniBio.htm (557 words)

	Aldini (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Giovanni Aldini, Italian physicist, was Galvani's nephew and the greatest supporter of Galvani's theory.
		Giovanni Aldini was born in April, 1762, in Bologna, Italy.
		Giovanni Aldini administered electricity to the bodies of decapitated animals and humans and produced twitching and other physical movements.
	chem.ch.huji.ac.il /~eugeniik/history/aldini.html (939 words)

	Not Found (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Equally important to Mary Shelley's "galvanism" reference, may be the work of Giovanni Aldini, a nephew of Galvani's who engaged in electrical research and "perfomances" in France and England.
		Aldini's experiments, including attempts like this to revivify dead bodies, were often carried out before audiences in an almost theatrical atmosphere.
		Though a showman in many respects, Aldini was among the first to treat mentally ill patients with shocks to the brain, reporting complete electrical cures for a number of mental illnesses.
	users.dickinson.edu /~nicholsa/Romnat/galvani.htm (496 words)

	Giovanni Aldini
		Giovanni Aldini (April 10, 1762 -- January 17, 1834), Italian physicist born at Bologna, was a brother of the statesman Count Antonio Aldini (1756-1826) and nephew of Luigi Galvani, whose treatise on muscular electricity he edited with notes in 1791.
		He became professor of physics at Bologna in 1798, in succession to his teacher Sebastiano Canterzani (1734-1819).
		Initial text from 1911 encyclopedia, with some edits.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/gi/Giovanni_Aldini.html (153 words)

	Guardian \| Sparks of life
		In January 1803, the body of the murderer George Forster was pulled from the gallows of Newgate Prison in London and taken to the Royal College of Surgeons.
		When Aldini applied conducting rods, connected to a large battery, to Forster's face, "the jaw began to quiver, the adjoining muscles were horribly contorted, and the left eye actually opened".
		The climax of the performance came as Aldini probed Forster's rectum, causing his clenched fist to punch the air, as if in fury, his legs to kick and his back to arch violently.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,5032758-111415,00.html (367 words)

	[GALVANI, Luigi, and Giovanni ALDINI]., Dell’uso e dell’attività dell’arco conduttore nelle contrazioni dei muscoli. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This is ‘the first account of Glavani’s electrical experiments without the presence of metals, in which he demonstrated the presence of electrical energy in living tissue by showing that convulsions in frog nerve-muscle preparations could be produced simply by touching nerve to muscle.
		Aldini was certainly the most fervent public supporter of Galvani in the debate with Volta about the nature of animal electricity.
		‘Galvani was not prepared to concede defeat, and he and his nephew Giovanni Aldini mounted a campaign in the mid 1790’s to establish beyond doubt the existence of a special animal electricity’ (DSB).
	www.polybiblio.com /quaritch/SS143.html (528 words)

	Brought back to life with a volt - [Sunday Herald]
		One of the most prominent was Giovanni Aldini, professor of experimental philosophy at the University of Bologna (and nephew of the great Luigi Galvani).
		Aldini's problem was that Bologna beheaded its criminals, so the subjects of his experiments came in two parts.
		Aldini wrote later: ÒThe effect in this case surpassed our most sanguine expectations, and vitality might, perhaps, have been restored if many circumstances had not rendered it impossible.Ó Just what these Òmany circumstancesÓ were he did not say.
	www.sundayherald.com /17980 (2404 words)

	Rauch, "The Monstrous Body of Knowledge" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		To this {239} end (with some entrepreneurial acumen), Aldini even proposed portable galvanic machines "weighing from 24 to 38 ounces"; these, he suggests, might be given to children who might "be taught its value from their tenderest years and afterwards learn to apply it in cases of suspended life" (41).
		The use of recently executed criminals, though ethically questionable, could be justified, in his view, if we recalled that "the bodies of valuable members of society are often found under similar circumstances, and with the same symptoms as those observed on executed criminals" (4).
		Aldini was himself accused, perhaps justifiably, of using galvanism in a way that owed more to spectacle than to science.
	www.english.upenn.edu /Projects/knarf/Articles/rauch.html (11365 words)

	Not Found (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Equally important to Mary Shelley's "galvanism" reference, may be the work of Giovanni Aldini, a nephew of Galvani's who engaged in electrical research and "perfomances" in France and England.
		To which is added An appendix, containing the author's experiments on the body of a malefactor executed at Newgate (London: Cuthell and Martin, and J. Murray, by Wilks and Taylor, 1803).
		The flavor of Aldini's work is captured well in the following extract from his experiment 22 (performed on the severed head of a "malefactor"):
	www.dickinson.edu /~nicholsa/Romnat/galvani.htm (496 words)

	Istituti Aldini Valeriani e Sirani - News - Istituti Aldini Valeriani e Sirani (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Nel corso della sua lunga storia che attraversa tre secoli la nostra scuola si è costruita un saldo legame col territorio dando risposta alle sue esigenze, interpretandone i mutamenti culturali, economici e sociali e favorendone lo sviluppo tecnologico e industriale.
		Sorta nel 1844 grazie ai lasciti testamentari di Giovanni Aldini e Luigi Valeriani, oggi la scuola ha sede in un edificio che si sviluppa su 36000 metri quadrati coperti.
		E' costituita da tre Istituti (Istituto Tecnico Industriale Aldini Valeriani, Istituto Professionale Aldini Valeriani e Sirani, Istituto Serale Aldini Valeriani e Sirani), vi insegnano alcune centinaia di insegnanti ed è frequentata da oltre duemila studenti ai quali è offerta la scelta fra una ventina di diversi percorsi formativi triennali o quinquennali.
	www.iav.it /sez/pag187.htm (178 words)

	ALDINI, GIOVANUL - LoveToKnow Article on ALDINI, GIOVANUL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		ALDINI, GIOVANUL - LoveToKnow Article on ALDINI, GIOVANUL
		ALDINI, GIOVANNI (1762-1834), Italian physicist, born at Bologna on the icth of April 1762, was a brother of the statesman Count Antonio Aldini (1756-1826) and nephew of L. Galvani, whose treatise on muscular electricity he edited with notes in 1791.
		From 1856 to 1859 he was on the staff of the Home Journal, then edited by N. Willis, while
	13.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AL/ALDINI_GIOVANUL.htm (1404 words)

	Panel C3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In favour of Galvani one finds the nephew Giovanni Aldini in Bologna, Lazzaro Spallanzani in Pavia, Eusebio Valli in Pisa, Antonio Vassalli in Torino, Alexander von Humboldt in Berlin, and others.
		On the side of Volta are Giovanni Corradori in Pisa, Bassano Carminati in Pavia, Richard Fowler in Edinburg, Christoph Pfaff in Stoccarda, Johann Reil and Fredrich Gren in Halle, and others.
		Caption: Portraits of Leopoldo Nobili (1), and Carlo Matteucci (2), Giovanni Aldini (3).
	www.bo.infn.it /galvani/cultura-estero/latin-america/pannelli/c3.html (237 words)

	The Reanimators FT 139
		The greatest of all Galvani’s supporters was his own nephew, a man named Giovanni Aldini.
		Unlike the results of Aldini and Ure, a dead and brainless cat gambolling about and reacting to noises is hard to reconcile with what we understand of corpse physiology.
		Giovanni Aldini, An Account of the Galvanic Experiments Performed by John Aldini [..] on the Body of a Malefactor Executed at Newgate (Cuthell and Martin, London, 1803).
	www.forteantimes.com /articles/139_reanimators.shtml (2236 words)

	Giovanni Aldini Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Looking For giovanni aldini - Find giovanni aldini and more at Lycos Search.
		Look for giovanni aldini - Find giovanni aldini at one of the best sites the Internet has to offer!
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	www.texanaccents.com /encyclopedia/Giovanni_Aldini (361 words)

	“Aldini-Valeriani” School and the Museum of Bologna - The Drive For Excellence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		There is a strong relation between the Industrial Heritage Museum of Bologna and the technical school “Aldini-Valeriani”, which was founded in 1878 thanks to the funds of the physicist Giovanni Aldini and the economist Luigi Valeriani.
		The Industrial Museum of Bologna was first founded in 1982 and housed in the school itself; only in 1990 the City Council decided to move the Museum into the former industrial premises of Galotti Brickworks, where it can be visited now.
		Moreover, most of the collections of the Museum come from Giovanni Aldini’s legacy to the school: they consist in technical and scientific instrumentation and models, dating to the first half of the XIX century.
	www.science2life.org /modena/motors/Inglese/museum3.htm (187 words)

	ISHN 2004 Annual Meeting -- Abstracts
		Giovanni Aldini (1762-1834), nephew of Luigi Galvani, worked with his uncle and then on his own to extend some of his uncle’s findings on electrically-induced muscle contractions in frogs and other animals.
		Aldini described his initial findings, which included some successes and some failures, in a book published in 1803.
		By going back to Franklin, Ingenhousz, and Aldini, we hope to show that the concept and application of strong electrical shocks to the head as a method of treating mental illness was discussed and put into action at least two centuries ago.
	www.bri.ucla.edu /nha/ishn/abs2004.htm (13616 words)

	Anemaw [Animal Electromagnetism and Waves] : Bioelectricity: History - Timeline . © Elizabeth Gerrow 2002 .
		It was possible for muscle contractions to occur when in presence of two metals or thunderstorms, however, contractions also occurred on clear days without two metals.
		Volta claims the experiments to be theoretical and Galvani does not respond, however, his nephew, physicist Giovanni Aldini, believes Galvani to be correct and joins the debate, where Galvani is soon forgotten.
		Aldini continues with animal electricity, experimenting grotesquely with corpses and electrical currents ironically generated by Voltaic piles, having no medical background.
	members.fortunecity.com /anemaw/nfelechist.htm (2887 words)

	Sabbatini, R.M.E.: A História da Estimulação Elétrica Cerebral
		Aldini attracted the attention of the population and the media by carrying out public shows.
		To gasps of horror and fascination of the populace, he demonstrated how electrical stimulation applied in the surface of the head and members evoked responses such as blinking and opening the eyes, facial grimaces, and tongue, eye and limb movements.
		He wanted to prove that he was stimulating the brain, but in fact he was not, because electrical current, however strong, would be blocked by the thick bones of the skull.
	www.cerebromente.org.br /n18/history/stimulation_i.htm (5846 words)

	Intro to Galvanism (Villa Diodati) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Coined as galvanism by Giovanni Aldini, applying electricity to the nerves has been provoked since the seventeenth century.
		Luigi Galvani is generally given the credit for bringing this provocative field of study to the forefront of the scientific community.
		Galvani, and his nephew Aldini, performed numerous experiments of the effects of electricity upon the animal nervous system.
	www.rc.umd.edu:7000 /6575 (139 words)

	Edison & The Electric Chair - Sample Chapter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Giovanni Aldini, nephew of Luigi Galvani, staged experiments to determine the value of electricity as a means of resuscitation in cases of asphyxiation.
		A strong current sent through a dead ox produced such a failing of limbs that “several of the spectators were much alarmed, and thought it prudent to retire to some distance.” Before London’s Royal Society in 1803, Aldini conducted experiments on the body of a freshly hanged criminal.
		In 1818 a Glasgow chemist brought the body of a hanged man to his laboratory ten minutes after it was cut down.
	www.edisonandtheelectricchair.com /chapter.php (2590 words)

	Amazon.com: "Giovanni Aldini": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Galvani's nephew, physician Giovanni Aldini, for example, performed extensive demon- strations for popular audiences.
		The first recorded use of currents on the nervous system was by Giovanni Aldini,...
		A nephew of Galvani, Giovanni Aldini, reported significant improvement and even complete rehabilitation of a schizophrenic with transcranial electrical stimulation.
	amazon.com /phrase/Giovanni-Aldini (323 words)

	Read about Giovanni Aldini at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Giovanni Aldini and learn about Giovanni Aldini here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Research Giovanni Aldini and learn about Giovanni Aldini here!
		Giovanni Aldini (April 10, 1762 -- January 17, 1834),
		Bologna, was a brother of the statesman Count
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Giovanni_Aldini (179 words)

	Giovanni Agnelli - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Giovanni Agnelli (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Giovanni Agnelli - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Giovanni Agnelli.
		Here you will find more informations about Giovanni Agnelli.
		Giovanni Agnelli (August 13,1866-December 16,1945) founded Fiat in 1899.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Giovanni-Agnelli.html (93 words)

	ALDINI, GIOVANNI (1762-1834) - Encyclopedia Britannica - ALDINI, GIOVANNI (1762-1834) - JCSM's Study Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		ALDINI, GIOVANNI (1762-1834) - Encyclopedia Britannica - ALDINI, GIOVANNI (1762-1834) - JCSM's Study Center
		ALDINI, GIOVANNI (1762-1834), Italian physicist, born at Bologna on the loth of
		Antonio Aldini (1756-1826) and nephew of L. Galvani
	www.jcsm.org /StudyCenter/Encyclopedia_Britannica/AJA_ALL/ALDINI_GIOVANNI_1762_1834_.html (259 words)

	Edison & The Electric Chair - Image Gallery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Giovanni Aldini, a nephew of Luigi Galvani, tested the effects of electricity on the corpses of executed criminals in 1803.
		Credits: Giovanni Aldini, Essai Théorique et Expérimentale su le Galvanisme (Paris, 1804).
		Circuit diagrams for physiological experiments at the Edison laboratory, 1888.
	www.edisonandtheelectricchair.com /gallery.php (483 words)

	NPG 2515(19); Giovanni Aldini (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Giovanni Aldini (1762-1834), Italian experimental philosopher and writer.
		Artist associated with 109 portraits, Sitter in 1 portrait.
		National Portrait Gallery, St Martin's Place, London WC2H 0HE.
	www.npg.org.uk /live/search/portrait.asp?LinkID=mp00064&rNo=0&role=sit (43 words)

	Museo del Patrimonio Industriale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Models of the Aldini Laboratory of Physics and Applied Chemistry
		The appliances document the different sectors of physics: mechanics, optics, acoustics, electricity; the use of sources of energy: hydraulics, steam, electricity; important technological applications: illuminating gas, telegraphy, galvanoplasty
		The collection consists of 362 pieces built at the Aldini Laboratory or bought from famous Italian and foreign makers: Longoni, Dall’Acqua, Ginori, Pizzorno, Clair, Salleron, Secretan, Lenoir
	www.iperbole.bologna.it /iperbole/patrind/sito/en/collezioni/gabbinetto_aldini.htm (106 words)

	DBLP: Alessandro Bogliolo
		Andrea Acquaviva, Alessandro Aldini, Marco Bernardo, Alessandro Bogliolo, Edoardo Bontà, Emanuele Lattanzi: A Methodology Based on Formal Methods for Predicting the Impact of Dynamic Power Management.
		Andrea Acquaviva, Alessandro Aldini, Marco Bernardo, Alessandro Bogliolo, Edoardo Bontà, Emanuele Lattanzi: Assessing the Impact of Dynamic Power Management on the Functionality and the Performance of Battery-Powered Appliances.
		Alessandro Bogliolo, Luca Benini, Giovanni De Micheli, Bruno Riccò: Gate-level current waveform simulation of CMOS integrated circuits.
	sunsite.informatik.rwth-aachen.de /dblp/db/indices/a-tree/b/Bogliolo:Alessandro.html (670 words)

	William Dailey Rare Books, Ltd. - Science
		The book is fascinating for its illustrations of the exploitation of the natural world.
		ALDINI, Giovanni HABILLEMENT DU POMPIER pour le Préserver de l’Action de la Flamme.
		Aldini (1762-1834) championed his uncle Galvani’s discovery of "animal electricity" in the controversy with Volta.
	www.daileyrarebooks.com /0902science.htm (13206 words)

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