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Topic: Giovanni Borgia

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	Clan Lamagni - lugg39 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		PIERLUIGI BORGIA DUCA CANDIA VLC was born 1467 in ROMA.
		GIOVANNI married LUCREZIA BORGIA on 2 Feb 1493 in VATICANO,, sciolto, 20.12.1497.
		LUCREZIA married GIOVANNI SFORZA CONTE COTOGNOLA on 2 Feb 1493 in VATICANO,, sciolto, 20.12.1497.
	xoomer.virgilio.it /ulamagni/lamanon/lugg39.htm (232 words)

	Lucrezia Borgia
		On April 18, 1480, Lucrezia Borgia was born to the mistress of Rodrigo Borgia, Vannozza de Cattanei.
		Giovanni was stubborn and with their eye on the papal monies, the Sforza family threatened Giovanni with the withdrawal of their protection of him if he did not agree to a divorce.
		In 1507, Cesare Borgia died at the siege of Viana at the age of thirty-one, and although he was a bloody and heartless man yet cultured man and the murder of her second husband, Lucrezia grieved deeply.
	royalwomen.tripod.com /id30.html (2200 words)

	Giovanni Borgia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Giovanni Borgia, 2nd Duke of Borgia (the family's home town, a title created in the Kingdom of Aragon under pressure from Roderigo Borgia, later Pope Alexander VI and Giovanni's father) was the brother of the famous Cesare Borgia.
		The most famous Giovanni Borgia (March 1498 – 1548), the infans Romanus ("child of Rome"), was probably the love-child of Lucrezia Borgia, though Pope Alexander VI issued two papal bulls, both dated September 1, 1501, in each of which a different father is assigned to him, the second appearing to supplement and correct the first.
		Alexander, in two bulls excommunicating members of the Savelli and Colonna families and confiscating their properties, was able to name the young Giovanni as heir to the duchy of Nepi, a property important to the Borgia family, and also duke of Palestrina, September 17 1501.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Giovanni_Borgia (290 words)

	CESARE BORGIA - LoveToKnow Article on CESARE BORGIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		It was suggested that the motive of the murder was the brothers rivalry in the affection of Donna Sancha, wife of Giuffr, the popes youngest son, while there were yet darker hints at incestuous relations of Cesare and the duke with their sister Lucrezia.
		Borgias power was now at an end, and he was obliged to surrender all his castles in Romagna save Cesena, Forli and Bettinoro, whose governors refused to accept an.
		Cesare Borgia was a type of the adventurers with which the Italy of the Renaissance swarmed, but he was cleverer and more unscrupulous than his rivals.
	22.1911encyclopedia.org /B/BO/BORGIA_CESARE.htm (1842 words)

	Histories/ Lucrezia Borgia
		Giovanni Sforza was pressed on all sides to grant the divorce but it could only be achieved by his signing a paper attesting to his impotence.
		Giovanni was a man filled with bitterness and damaged pride, and he struck back with an awful accusation that would haunt the Borgias forever.
		The Borgias were seen as the epitome of corruption and the fact that the Pope's daughter was quite attractive made it seem likely - almost desirable - for there to be incest in the family.
	www.dragonrest.net /histories/lucrezia.html (5076 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Alexander VI
		To the Romans especially, who had come to regard Borgia as one of themselves, and who predicted a pontificate at once splendid and energetic, the choice was most acceptable; and they manifested their joy in bonfires, torchlight processions, garlands of flowers, and the erection of triumphal arches with extravagant inscriptions.
		Lucrezia's marriage with Sforza was declared null on the ground of the latter's impotence, and she was given as wife to Alfonso of Biseglia, an illegitimate son of Alfonso II.
		It was the political use made by the Borgias of their opportunity, and the prospective alliance of France and the Holy See, which now drove several of the Powers of Europe to the verge of schism.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01289a.htm (5465 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Papal elections - XV Century
		Borgia participated in the conclave of 1464 and, as archdeacon, it fell to him both to announce the election of Paul II and to crown him.
		Borgia had to weigh very carefully the size and scope of the blandishments to his fellow cardinals, and they, in turn, gave careful consideration and took sufficient time to determine whether or not the offer was one which met their needs or desires.
		Giovanni de' Medici had no need to accept a bribe, since he had been surrounded by wealth and power from the moment of his birth, and, moreover, Borgia was not high among the cardinals favored by the Florentine government.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/election-alexandervi.htm (21695 words)

	[No title]
		None of his successors, not even Cesare Borgia, rivalled the colossal guilt of Ezzelino; but the example once set was not forgotten, and his fall led to no return of justice among the nations and served as no warning to future transgressors.
		Giovanni Maria, too, is famed for his dogs, which were no longer, however, used for hunting but for tearing human bodies.
		A man of the same class was Giovanni II Bentivoglio of Bologna (1463-1508), whose policy was determined by that of the Este and the Sforza.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/etext00/corii10.txt (17962 words)

	borgia
		Borgia: Alexander VI (circa 1431-1503), pope (1492-1503), who was noted for his worldliness and corruption.
		Borgia, Cesare (1476?-1507), Italian soldier, politician, and ecclesiastic, born in Rome, an illegitimate son of Rodrigo Borgia, later Pope Alexander VI.
		She was born in Rome, daughter of Rodrigo Borgia, later Pope Alexander VI, and sister of Cesare Borgia.
	website.lineone.net /~johnbidmead/borgia.htm (1458 words)

	The Life of Cesare Borgia by Rafael Sabatini : Arthur's Classic Novels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Giovanni Borgia was in Spain, whither he had gone on the death of his brother Pedro Luis, to take posession of the Duchy of Gandia, which the power of his father's wealth and vast influence at the Valencian Court had obtained for that same Pedro Luis.
		The Cardinals Giovanni d' Aragona (brother to the King of Naples) and Ascanio Sforza (brother of Lodovico, Duke of Milan) are said to have disposed of their votes in the most open and shameless manner, practically putting them up for sale to the highest bidder.
		The former allude to Borgia as "the Bull," from the majesty and might of the animal that was displayed upon their shield; the latter render it the subject of much scurrilous invective, to which it lends itself as readily.
	arthurwendover.com /arthurs/sabatini/lcbga10.html (17189 words)

	Borgia, Lucrezia on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Her first marriage (1492) to Giovanni Sforza of Pesaro was annulled in 1497, and she was married to Alfonso of Aragón, illegitimate son of Alfonso II of Naples.
		Her brother, Cesare Borgia, had her second husband murdered in 1500, and, in 1501, Lucrezia was married to Alfonso d'Este, who became duke of Ferrara in 1505.
		The less bad Borgia; Compared with the rest of her clan, Lucrezia was really pretty harmless.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/B/Borgia-L1.asp (467 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Papal elections - XV Century
		Giovanni Arcimboldi, once the Milanese ambassador in Rome, received the red hat in response to requests from Galeazzo Maria Sforza, duke of Milan.
		The gift of the cardinalate to Giovanni d'Aragona, an illegitimate son of Ferrante, king of Naples, was made as part of Sixtus's ongoing program of concessions to the Neapolitan monarch in order to maintain peace on the southern flank of the States of the Church.
		Giovanni Colonna was the son of Antonio, Prince of Salerno, and the nephew of the late cardinal Prospero Colonna.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/election-innocentviii.htm (3974 words)

	The First Crime Family - main
		Lucrezia, informed by her brother Cesare that Giovanni was to be murdered, warned her husband, and he fled Rome.
		They, however, were reluctant to quarrel with the Pope, and knowingly suggested the defense of Giovanni's proving his manhood by sleeping with Lucrezia while observed by members of the Borgia and Sforza families.
		Giovanni was passed from guardian to guardian, eventually ending up with Lucrezia in Ferrara as "her half brother." The unfortunate Giovanni never inherited his titles, and, after a lifetime of serving as a minor functionary in the courts of the Vatican and France, died relatively unknown in 1548.
	www.crimelibrary.com /borgia/borgialucrezia.htm (2275 words)

	[No title]
		For the rest, to say that Roderigo Borgia was wanting in energy and in will is to say something to which his whole career gives the loud and derisive lie, as will--to some extent at least --be seen in the course of this work.
		Infessura states in his diaries that Roderigo desiring later--as Pope Alexander VI--to create cardinal his son by her, Cesare Borgia, he caused false witness to be borne to the fact that Cesare was the legitimate son of one Domenico d'Arignano, to whom he, the Pope, had in fact married her.
		Her widowhood was short, however, for in the same year--on June 6--she took a second husband, possibly at the instance of Roderigo Borgia, who did not wish to leave her unprotected; that, at least, is the general inference, although there is very little evidence upon which to base it.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/etext02/lcbga10.txt (17491 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Borgia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Lucrezia Borgia married the duke of Ferrara and was a patron of learning and art.
		However, a later member of this family, Francis Borgia was canonized as a saint.
		Although the Borgia family is closely associated with the Italian Renaissance, the family name is of Spanish origin; the family used the Valencian language among themselves, for privacy, even in Italy.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Borgia (334 words)

	3 THE ROMAN BARONS
		It was Cesare Borgia who took the initiative in the pomp with which his brother was received in Rome, riding out at the head of the entire Pontifical Court to meet and welcome the young duke.
		In addition to being Duke of Gandia, Giovanni Borgia was already Duke of Sessa and Prince of Teano, which further dignities had been conferred upon him on the occasion of his brother Giuffredo’s marriage to Donna Sancia.
		The inference to be drawn from this is that Giovanni had been given to choose in the matter of a divorce, and that he had refused to be a party to it, whence it was resolved to remove him in a still more effective manner.
	books.rakeshv.org /html/lcbga10/lcbga10ch8.html (2246 words)

	The Borgias
		Giovanni refused, and turned to others in his powerful Milanese family.
		This first papal bull was followed by a second, which acknowledged that the child was the son of the pope himself, even though the pope would have been sixty-seven at the time of the child's conception.
		The purpose of the papal bulls was to give Alexander the excuse to name the young Giovanni the heir to the duchy of Nepi, a property important to the Borgia family.
	www.crimelibrary.com /serial_killers/history/borgias/4.html (2275 words)

	Hist of Christ'n Church 6 (ii.vii.vii)
		A figure of a bull, the emblem of the Borgias, was erected near the Palazzo di S. Marco on the line of the procession, from whose eyes, nostrils and mouth poured forth water, and from the forehead wine.
		This gallant young Borgia died in 1491 at the age of 30, on the eve of his journey from Rome to Spain to marry Ferdinand’s cousin.
		Another of the fearful tragedies of the Borgia family filled the atmosphere of this holy year with its smothering fumes, the murder of Lucretia’s husband, the duke of Besiglia, to whom she had borne a son.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/hcc6.ii.vii.vii.html (7657 words)

	borgia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		He became the leading figure in the saga of the Borgia family, both as a perpetuator of evil and a facilitator of the activities of the two most famous of his children, Cesare and Lucrezia.
		He was born Rodrigo Borgia near Valencia, Spain, the nephew of Callixtus, who made him a cardinal at the age of twenty-five (1456) and vice-chancellor of the Holy See (1457).
		The bargaining was fierce, and when the votes were finally counted, Rodrigo Borgia, with the purchase of the vote of a ninety-six-year-old cardinal who no longer had all of his faculties, was elected.
	www.d.umn.edu /~aroos/borgia.html (1825 words)

	A little about Pope Alexander VI!--Ummah.comGeneral (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		On the morning of June 15, 1497, Juan Borgia's corpse was found floating in the Tiber mutilated by nine savage dagger wounds.
		"Borgia's enjoyment of the flesh was enhanced when the woman beneath him was married, particularly if he had presided at her wedding.
		She may have actually slept with her husbands from time to time- since Borgia always kept a stable of women, she was allowed an occasional night off to indulge her own sexual preferences- but her duties lay in his eminence's bed.
	www.ummah.net /forum/showthread.php?t=5815 (6257 words)

	4 THE MURDER OF THE DUKE OF GANDIA
		Here Giovanni drew rein, and informed Cesare that he would not be returning to the Vatican just yet, as he was first “going elsewhere to amuse himself.” With that he took his leave of Cesare, and, with one single exception-in addition to the man in the mask-dismissed his servants.
		In the morning it was found that Giovanni had not yet returned, and his uneasy servants informed the Pope of his absence and of the circumstances of it.
		Matarazzo relates the story of the incestuous relations prevailing in the Borgia family, and with an unsparing wealth of detail not to be found elsewhere; but on the subject of the murder he has a tale to tell entirely different from any other that has been left us.
	books.rakeshv.org /html/lcbga10/lcbga10ch9.html (4827 words)

	On-line Library - presented by the maker of Print Screen Capture software , Rapid Application Development, Session ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The marriage of Lucrezia Borgia to Giovanni Sforza tightened the relations between the Pope and Milan, as the Pope intended.
		He sent his nephew, Giovanni Borgia, to Naples to crown Alfonso, and with him went Giuffredo Borgia to carry out the marriage contract with Alfonso's daughter, and thus strengthen the alliance between Rome and Naples.
		She complained that Giovanni "did not fittingly keep her company,"(1) which may be taken to mean that a good harmony did not prevail between them, or, almost equally well, that there were the canonical grounds for complaint against him as a husband which were afterwards formally preferred and made the grounds for the divorce.
	library.floresca.net /1285-2.html (13528 words)

	Amazon.com: Lucrezia Borgia : A Novel: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The child of Pope Alexander VI and a former whore, Borgia is separated from her mother at an early age and raised in the Vatican by her imperious, corrupt father.
		As her brother Cesare and the Borgia family name gain political influence, Lucrezia comes to fear her sibling, all the more so after she and her husband, Alphonso, are viciously attacked by assassins in Cesare's employ.
		Lucrezia was the daughter of Rodrigo Borgia and his mistress; when Rodrigo was elected Pope the mistress was banished but Lucrezia and her golden brother Cesare were installed at the Papal court.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0609609742?v=glance (2102 words)

	Amazon.com: The Borgias (Classic Biography): Books: Marion Johnson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The name Borgia is synonymous with the political corruption, greed, incest, and murder that was rife in Renaissance Italy.
		In this beautifully illustrated work, Johnson plots the dramatic rise of the Borgias from their roots in Spain to their occupation of the highest position in Renaissance society in Italy at a time when that country occupied centerstage in Europe, both politically and culturally.
		She explains why history has depicted the Borgias as fallen angels in a corrupt era, but considers the condemnation to have been too absolute and maintains that behind the gaudy horrors existed people of real talent and achievement, some of whom even possessed moderate virtues.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0141390751?v=glance (831 words)

	Open2.net Forums
		THE BORGIAS AND THE MYSTERY OF Hi Are there any of you knowledgeable people out there that can help me with a mystery that has had me searching on and off for years.
		This unknown boy, christened Giovanni Borgia (and at the age of three invested with the Duchy of Nepi and various other towns) was referred to as “The Roman infant”
		Also intriguingly in 1527 Giovanni believed himself to be the rightful heir to the Dukedom of Camerino but was ousted in this claim by a certain Giulia daughter of the deceased Duke.
	www.open2.net /forum/thread.jspa?threadID=2367&messageID=23140 (3936 words)

	List of Borgias - TheBestLinks.com - Cesare Borgia, Italy, Lucrezia Borgia, Pope Alexander VI, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Borgia, List of Borgias, Cesare Borgia, Italy, Lucrezia Borgia, Pope Alexander...
		Although the Borgia family is closely associated with the Italian Renaissance, the family name is of Spanish origin; there is a town in Spain called Borja which is the seat of Campo de Borja comarca, in the province of Zaragoza in Aragon.
		You can add this article to your own "watchlist" and receive e-mail notification about all changes in this page.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Borgia.html (127 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Sforza (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		While there were many good rulers in the family, there were also a number of despots, many of which were mentally unstable.
		This family would later join with the Borgia Family, through the arranged marriage of Lucrezia Borgia to Giovanni Sforza (who was the illegitimate son of Costanzo Sforza).
		Ludovico il Moro, famous also for taking Leonardo da Vinci at his service) was defeated in 1500 by the French army of Louis XII of France - see also Italian Wars.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Sforza (459 words)

	Descendants of Pope Alexander VI (1492-1503)
		Giovanni Sforza d'Aragona, Conte de Cotognola, Principe di
		Anna Borgia, 5.Principessa di Squillace, daughter of Pietro
		2.Conde de Mayalde, Principe di Squillace and Anna Borgia,
	worldroots.com /~brigitte/royal/kent/popealexander6desc.htm (1789 words)

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