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	Giraldus Cambrensis
		Giraldus Cambrensis (Gerald de Barry) was a distinguished writer, historian, and ecclesiastic of the early Middle Ages; b.
		Giraldus returned, and was supported by the chieftains of Wales, while King John warmly espoused the cause of the Archbishop of Canterbury.
		Giraldus is impeached with ignorance of the language, and unfamiliarity with the country; he is said to have embodied in his works unauthenticated narratives, with little regard for chronology; his own admission that he had "followed the popular rumours of the land" is extended in meaning, and perhaps unduly insisted upon.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/g/giraldus,cambrensis.html (1263 words)

	Giraldus Cambrensis - LoveToKnow 1911
		GIRALDUS CAMBRENSIS (1146 ?-1220), medieval historian, also called Gerald De Barri, was born in Pembrokeshire.
		Giraldus declares that the mission was highly successful; in any case it gave him the material for his Itinerarium Cambrense, which is, after the Expugnatio, his best known work.
		He accompanied the archbishop, who intended him to be the historian of the Crusade, to the continent, with the intention of going to the Holy Land.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Giraldus_Cambrensis (711 words)

	Giraldus Cambrensis - Encyclopedia.com
		Giraldus Cambrensis, c.1146-1223, Norman-Welsh churchman and historian, also called Gerald of Wales and Gerald de Barri.
		The last recording of the European beaver in Wales was by Giraldus Cambrensis in 1188 on the Teifi River.
		Giraldus Cambrensis tells that even in the late 12th Century, parts of strong walls of the ancient city of the Romans were still standing...
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Giraldus.html (811 words)

	Giraldus Cambrensis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was Giraldus who also wrote (of the Welsh) that "If they would be inseparable, they would be insuperable," and that, unlike the English hirelings, who fight for power or to procure gain or wealth, the Welsh patriots fight for their country.
		Giraldus could not have predicted the later perfection of cynghanedd, the complex system of sound correspondence that has characterized the strict-meter poetry of the Welsh for so many centuries and that is still practised today, especially in competitions for the eisteddfod chair.
		Latin Chroniclers from the Eleventh to the Thirteenth Centuries: Giraldus Cambrensis from The Cambridge History of English and American Literature, Volume I, 1907–21.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Giraldus_Cambrensis (835 words)

	Welsh Icons - Giraldus Cambrensis
		Giraldus Cambrensis (c.1146 - c.1223), also known as Gerallt Gymro in Welsh or Gerald of Wales in English, was a medieval clergyman and chronicler of his times.
		It was Giraldus who also wrote (of the Welsh) that "If they would be inseparable, they would be insuperable," and that, unlike the English hirelings, who fight for power or to procure gain or wealth, the Welsh patriots fight for their country.
		Giraldus could not have predicted the later perfection of cynghanedd, the complex system of sound correspondence that has characterized the strict-meter poetry of the Welsh for so many centuries and that is still practised today, especially in competitions for the eisteddfod chair.
	www.welshicons.org.uk /html/giraldus_cambrensis.php (899 words)

	Giraldus Cambrensis - Wikiquote
		Giraldus Cambrensis (c.1146 – c.1223) was a churchman and writer of Welsh birth, and of mixed Welsh and Norman ancestry.
		Giraldus, garrulous, egotistic, spiteful, as he is, makes us half forget his faults in the endless instruction, the endless amusement, of his pages.
		Giraldus mingles in the crowd, catches its accents, is borne along by its changing passions, and thus becomes a very mirror of that fighting, chaffering, praying age.
	en.wikiquote.org /wiki/Giraldus_Cambrensis (1385 words)

	St. Daavid of Eales (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Giraldus Cambrensis wrote his life of S. David about 1177- S. Kentigern (d- 590) mentions S. David, and there are numerous allusions to him in the lives of contemporary Welsh and Irish saints.
		Giraldus says he was baptized at Porth Clais by Alveas, Bishop of Munster, "who by divine providence had arrived at that time from Ireland." The same author says he was brought up at "Henmenen," which is probably the Roman station Menapia.
		Giraldus says, "When many discourses had been delivered in public, and were ineffectual to reclaim the Pelagians from their error, at length Paulinus, a bishop with whom David had studied in his youth, very earnestly entreated that the holy, discreet, and eloquent man might be sent for.
	vrcoll.fa.pitt.edu /medart/texts/saints/Baring-Gould/SBG-LS-David.html (1692 words)

	THE PIKE IN IRELAND
		Giraldus Cambrensis was a Welsh archdeacon who visited Ireland on two occasions at the end of the twelfth century.
		We know that Cambrensis was in parts of the Southeast of the country and he might have travelled inland.
		Cambrensis also gave accounts of "a fish with three gold teeth" and "a man that was half an ox".
	homepage.eircom.net /~sheelin/IPSPI2.htm (1073 words)

	GO BRITANNIA! Wales: Welsh Literature - Giraldus Cambrensis
		Giraldus Cambrensis (Gerald of Wales) or Gerald De Barri, to give his Norman name, one of the greatest Welsh writers in Latin, was born at Manorbier, Pembrokeshire around 1146.
		Giraldus, of course, could not have predicted the later perfection of cynghanedd, the complex system of sound correspondence that has characterized the strict-meter poetry of the Welsh for so many centuries and that is still practiced today, especially in competitions for the eisteddfod chair.
		Around the same time that Giraldus Cambrensis was making the name of Wales famous throughout the Anglo-Norman world, another writer was hard at work producing a masterpiece that had to wait many centuries to be appreciated outside the borders of Wales.
	www.britannia.com /wales/lit/lit4.html (734 words)

	FITZMAURICE: Norman, Welch, and Legendary Ancestors
		Giraldus de Barri, Archdeacon of Brecon (the same title held previously by his uncle Giraldus de Barri or Giraldus Cambrensis).
		The photo at the right is a drawing of Maurice that his nephew, Giraldus Cambrensis, inserted in the Latin MS of his Expugnatio Hibernica (Conquest of Ireland).
		Giraldus Cambrensis was the tutor or secretary of Prince John.
	www.fitzmaurice.info /ances.html (3047 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Giraldus Cambrensis
		Canterbury, the mission of Giraldus proved a failure.
		Giraldus returned, and was supported by the chieftains of Wales, while King John warmly espoused the
		Ireland", is a misnomer, the writer of "Cambrensis Eversus" disproves de Barry's title of historian, and meets his charges against the Irish people.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06568d.htm (1233 words)

	GENUKI: Pembroke, from Lewis 1833
		The early history of this place is involved in some confusion: it is stated by Giraldus Cambrensis, that Arnulph de Montgomery erected here, in the reign of Henry I, a slender fortress of stakes and turf, which, on his return into England, he placed under the custody of his constable and lieutenant, Giraldus de Windesor.
		In the Chronicle of Caradoc of Llancarvan, who was contemporary with Giraldus, it is expressly stated that the castle was attacked in 1092, and again in 1094, by the forces of Cadwgan ab Bleddyn, but that it was so strongly fortified as to baffle every effort of that chieftain to reduce it.
		The latter of these dates, which is some years prior to the accession of Henry I, contradicts the statement of Giraldus Cambrensis, with respect to the time of the original foundation; and the result of the attacks by so formidable an enemy is at variance with his description of the character of the fortress.
	www.genuki.org.uk /big/wal/PEM/Pembroke/Pembroke1833.html (2001 words)

	Chapter 7: The Cambro-Norman Reaction: The Invasion of Ireland
		Giraldus Cambrensis states that the group consisted of milites, arcarii or sagitarii, and loricati.
		Robert of Barri was the brother of Giraldus Cambrensis.
		According to Giraldus, he sent a letter to Strongbow, which stated, in part, "if you come in time with a strong force, the other four parts of the kingdom will be easily united to the fifth....
	www.ku.edu /carrie/texts/carrie_books/nelson/7.html (7281 words)

	W. B. Yeats and "A Vision": Giraldus
		Yeats certainly refers to Giraldus Cambrensis (c.1146-c.1223) in some of his earliest folkloric writing, such as his anthology, Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry (London: Walter Scott, 1888), commenting that Giraldus ‘found the people of the western islands a trifle paganish’ (Introduction), as well as in section prefaces (x, 47 and 148).
		Though he is probably the best-known Giraldus in the English-speaking world, his other works include handbooks for the instruction of the clergy and a prince, and he is not an obvious candidate for a symbolical and unorthodox work.
		Lilius Gregorius Gyraldus or Giraldus (1479-1552), is one of the only suitably-named writers alive close to the date of publication that Yeats mentions (1594), though he deliberately muddies the issue by alluding to older traits in the style of the presentation.
	www.yeatsvision.com /Gyraldus.html (3450 words)

	Did the title rí Érenn have any real validity in pre-Norman Ireland?
		Giraldus' obvious contempt for the cultures he did not understand, and also the fact that he was clearly an apologist for the Norman invasion should not only make us wary of Giraldus' account of the Irish culture and Irish institutions, but to view it as totally distorted.
		Giraldus' account of such a ceremony in his Topographia Hibernica may be exaggerated, but it is extremely probable that a milder form of the ritual of the king's symbolic mating with the goddess of sovereignty did take place.
		O Corráin has identified a sense of identity, or of nationality, among monastic and secular scholars as early as the 7th century which advanced the idea of Irish kingship as a unifying force.
	www.angelfire.com /il/kelireland/ardri.html (1803 words)

	The ‘Three Realms of Ynys Pridein’ (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Giraldus Cambrensis is cited as the authority for the tripartite division of Britain (although they do not give a direct reference to a work or chapter; in fact, it is Descriptio Kambrie i.2, and his reference is to Kambria, not Britannia); they also claim to find reference to Tria Regne Britanniae in Gildas and ‘Nennius’.
		Giraldus talks of the three divisions of Kambria as Venedotia, Powisia and Sudwallia (the latter with the alternative Welsh name of Deheubarth, the ‘right-hand part’).
		Blake and Lloyd, however, use Giraldus to relocate the three names given in the Brut; in their scheme, Cymry corresponds to Venedotia, Alban to Powisia and Lloegyr to Sudwallia.
	www.kmatthews.org.uk /arthuriana/three_realms.html (361 words)

	The Medieval English Longbow
		Morris based his conclusion that Southern Wales was the home of the longbow from the historical writings of the late twelfth century cleric Silvester Giraldus Cambrensis.
		Cambrensis, youngest son of William de Barri, was in his lifetime: Archdeacon of Brecknock, servant of King Henry II and his son, Richard the Lion-Hearted, and co-adjutor in administration with the Bishop of Ely of Richard's realm during the Third Crusade.
		The bow of Cambrensis' England was the short Norman bow.
	margo.student.utwente.nl /sagi/artikel/longbow/longbow2.html (1339 words)

	The Journey of Gerald of Wales (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This treatise examines the writings of Giraldus Cambrensis or Gerald of Wales.
		His religious speech would have been either Latin or French, but it is not certain how much of his sermonising would have been understood by the people he was trying to induce to take part in a crusade to the Holy Land.
		Giraldus Cambrensis or Gerald of Wales was born at Manorbier in Pembrokeshire around 1147 into a Norman-Welsh family.
	www.swanseamass.org /wales/travel/gerald_toc.html (566 words)

	Giraldus Cambrensis
		The Autobiography of Giraldus Cambrensis (Jonathan Cape 1947); John J. O’Meara, trans.
		Titles held in the Morris Collection of the University of Ulster are: Itinerary Through Wales (Dent [1908]); A. Scott and F. Martin, eds., Giraldus Cambrensis, Expugnatio Hibernica, The Conquest of Ireland, (RIA Dublin 1978).
		Mullingar way: Giraldus Cambrensis records that the Stone of Divisions at Uisnech ‘is said to be the navel [omphalos] of Ireland’ (Topographia Hibernica, PRIA, LII, C, p.159.; cited in Rees and Rees, Celtic Heritage, 1961, rep. 1975; p.159 (sic).]
	www.pgil-eirdata.org /html/pgil_datasets/authors/g/Giraldus/life.htm (1212 words)

	Encyclopedia: Giraldus Cambrensis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Giraldus could not have predicted the later perfection of cynghanedd, the complex system of sound correspondence that has characterized the strict-meter poetry of the Welsh for so many centuries and that is still practiced today, especially in competitions for the eisteddfod chair.
		Finally, Giraldus penned the following words that give so much pride to Welsh singers of today, especially those who participate in the immensely popular Cymanfaoedd Ganu (hymn-singing festivals) held throughout Wales and North America: Cynghanedd (literally harmony), in Welsh language poetry, is the basic concept of sound-arrangement within one line.
		Some of this has been altered to stop plagerism ie if you copy this it will be completely wrong.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Giraldus-Cambrensis (1513 words)

	1SEE - MEGA-VERZEICHNIS-SUCHE (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Giraldus Cambrensis (Gerald of Wales) - Short biography of the writer.
		Giraldus Cambrensis or Gerald of Wales - Notes by Leonard James on "The Description of Wales."
		The Standing Stones: Giraldus Cambrensis - The twelfth-century cleric was one of the first to describe Irish music.
	www.1see.de /dic.php?c=/Arts/Literature/Authors/G/Giraldus_Cambrensis (130 words)

	Vision of Britain \| Giraldus Cambrensis \| Second Preface
		When, amidst various literary pursuits, I first applied my mind to the compilation of history, I determined, lest I should appear ungrateful to my native land, to describe, to the best of my abilities, my own country and its adjoining regions; and afterwards, under God's guidance, to proceed to a description of more distant territories.
		On these pleasing reflections I feed and regale myself; for I would rather resemble Jerome than Croesus, and I prefer to riches themselves the man who is capable of despising them.
		Giraldus Cambrensis, The Description of Wales (Oxford, Mississippi, 1997)
	www.visionofbritain.org.uk /text/chap_page.jsp?t_id=Cambrensis_Desc&c_id=2&cpub_id=0 (566 words)

	The British Library - Digital Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts - Record details (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Richter, M. Giraldus Cambrensis (Aberystwyth, 1972) and "Gerald of Wales: a reassessment on the 750th anniversary of his death",Traditio 29 (1973), 379-390.
		Brown, M.P. 'Marvels of the West: Giraldus Cambrensis and the role of the author in the development of marginal illustration' English Manuscript Studies 10 (2001), 34-59.
		An early Irish scribe, from Giraldus Cambrensis' Topographia Hibernica.
	prodigi.bl.uk /illcat/record.asp?MSID=8804&CollID=16&NStart=130208 (984 words)

	The Journey of Gerald of Wales (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the year 1193, Giraldus Cambrensis in his "Descriptio Cambriae" recorded the following speech of an old man of Pencader to Henry II of England:
		This nation, O King, may now, as in former times be harassed, and in a great measure weakened and destroyed by you and other powers, and it will also prevail by its laudable exertions, but it can never be totally subdued through the wrath of man, unless the wrath of God shall concur.
		Nor do I think that any other nation than this of Wales, or any other language, whatever may hereafter come to pass, shall on the day of severe examination before the Supreme Judge, answer for this corner of the earth.
	www.swanseamass.org /wales/travel/gerald3.html (1304 words)

	Western Resistance
		The Israeli newspaper, Arutz Sheva has reported that during the Islamic holy month of Ramadan, the Negev district police have confirmed reports that there has been a rash of thefts of sheep and calves, and are attributing this to the upcoming religious festival of Eid.
		We brought you the sad news that workers in the benefits department of Dudley Council, in the West Midlands, were given an edict to remove all images of pigs from their offices, after a complaint was made by a Muslim worker.
		The recent raid in Holland, in which 7 suspected Islamists were detained in locations in the Hague, Amsterdam and Almere, were triggered by the discovery of a video taken by one of the suspects, Samir Azzouz, according to Expatica.
	www.westernresistance.com (12049 words)

	Giraldus Cambrensis -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Giraldus Cambrensis -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		Giraldus Cambrensis (c.1146 - c.1223), also known as Gerald of Wales, was a medieval clergyman and (Click link for more info and facts about chronicler of his times) chronicler of his times.
		Born in around 1146 at (Click link for more info and facts about Manorbier) Manorbier Castle in (Click link for more info and facts about Pembrokeshire) Pembrokeshire, he was of mixed (An inhabitant of Normandy) Norman and (A Celtic language of Wales) Welsh blood, his real name being Gerald de Barri.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/gi/giraldus_cambrensis.htm (320 words)

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