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Topic: Giulio Douhet

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	Giulio Douhet - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Douhet saw the pitfalls of allowing air power to be fettered by ground commanders and began to advocate the creation of a separate air arm, commanded by airmen.
		Douhet was tasked with writing a report on the aviation lessons learned in which he suggested high altitude bombing should be the primary role of aircraft.
		A supporter of Benito Mussolini, Douhet was appointed commissioner of aviation when the Fascists assumed power but he soon gave up this bureaucrat's job to continue writing, which he did up to his death from a heart attack in 1930.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Giulio_Douhet (1155 words)

	Comando Supremo: Giulio Douhet
		Douhet was born in Caperata, Italy to a family that, for many generations, maintained a tradition of military service to the House of Savoy.
		Douhet had never flown an aircraft and had only seen three airplanes in his life up to this point, but he had intuitively seen the potential of airpower.
		Douhet's vision was of bombers that would be self-defending and fly as fast or faster than fighter aircraft.
	www.comandosupremo.com /Douhet.html (1470 words)

	Giulio Douhet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Douhet was a contemporary of the 1920s air warfare advocates Billy Mitchell and Sir Hugh Trenchard.
		The chief strategy laid out in his writings, the Douhet model, is pivotal in debates regarding the use of air power and bombing campaigns.
		The Douhet model rests on the belief that in a conflict, the infliction of high costs from aerial bombing can shatter civilian morale.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Giulio_Douhet (1293 words)

	Giulio Douhet Summary
		Giulio Douhet (1869-1930) is regarded as one of the first military strategists to recognize the predominant role aerial warfare would play in twentieth-century battle.
		Douhet predicted that the future of war would abandon distinctions between civilian and military personnel and justify the bombing of civilian targets by declaring total war in the modern world as an uncivilized pursuit unbound by previous notions of civilized warfare conduct.
		Douhet wrote that since the advent of aerial warfare capabilities, the entire history of warfare had been rendered irrelevant, including the concept of differentiating between civilian and military populations.
	www.bookrags.com /Giulio_Douhet (2141 words)

	Reflections on Douhet
		Giulio Douhet's The Command of the Air is such a classic.
		Douhet was promoted to brigadier general in 1921, the same year that the Ministry of War published the early version of The Command of the Air.
		In Douhet's mind, the airplane, with "complete freedom of action and direction," provided the means to attain quick victory without first defeating enemy surface forces.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/aureview/1986/jan-feb/shiner.html (1646 words)

	BBC - Religion & Ethics - The Ethics of War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		These ideas became popular from the writings of Giulio Douhet, an Italian General in the early part of the twentieth century, who was one of the first strategists to understand the true potential of air power.
		Douhet thought that all future wars would be total wars and that there should be no distinction between combatants and non-combatants: when a nation is at war, everyone is involved.
		Douhet argued that the best way to win a war was to crush the enemy by attacking its weakest points: its cities and civilians.
	www.bbc.co.uk /religion/ethics/war/justconduct3.shtml (325 words)

	The Yale Herald - September 15, 2006 - Strategic-bombing backers are blind to history
		Indeed, Douhet’s theory of strategic air-power, which attacks civilians in order to bring down their governments, may be undergoing a renaissance in Israeli and American defense circles as those nations gear up for possible confrontation with Iran.
		Giulio Douhet’s theory of strategic bombing emerged against the bleak backdrop of the Italian front in World War I, which was a remarkable exercise in pointless bloodshed even by the standards of a war defined by futility.
		Douhet, who had been a fan of the airplane since its invention, reasoned that it would be far better to send bombers high over the Austrians’ Alpine deathtrap to destroy the factories that made that deathtrap possible.
	www.yaleherald.com /article.php?Article=4805 (1000 words)

	Douhet, Giulio. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		He maintained that control of the air could win a war regardless of land or sea power.
		Douhet’s theories remain very popular, especially among military aviators.
		He is known as the father of airpower.
	www.bartleby.com /65/do/Douhet-G.html (240 words)

	Douhet: Still Relevant Today
		Douhet's theories can be evaluated for their applicability to today's Air Force by examining the role of the strategic bomber in World War II (WWII), Vietnam, and Southwest Asia (SWA).
		Discussion: Douhet's principle tenets of strategic airpower are: (1) in order to assure victory it is necessary to gain air superiority; (2) an offensive air strategy must suppress enemy air defenses); and (3) airpower should attack the enemy's center of gravity.
		Douhet's three principles of airpower: gain air superiority, suppress the enemy's air defenses, and destroy the enemy's center of gravity are keys to success.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/1991/WGC.htm (4309 words)

	Douhet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Douhet was involved in the Italian Air Service as early as 1909, and commanded the first aerial bombardment unit ever, in Libya, during the Italo-Turkish War.
		In 1915, Douhet was made head of the Army's Aviation section, but later that year was court-martialed and imprisoned for criticising his Army superiors in memoranda directed to the Cabinet.
		Douhet's understanding of the offensive capabilities of airpower was almost prophetic, including the possible use of aircraft to destroy enemy cities, transport and industries; he understood the possibilities that a strong air force could provide to even strategic inadequacies.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/bio/d/douhet.html (116 words)

	AIRPOWER STUDIES LESSON PLAN
		Douhet predicted that "the skies are about to become a battlefield as important as the land or the sea".
		Defenders of Douhet see a different picture: command of the air did in fact mean the difference between victory and defeat; the German and Japanese war economies were devastated; and although not destroyed, civilian morale was severely damaged by bombardment.
		Moreover, advocates maintain that Douhet’s theories were never given a fair test because the basic tenet of his warfighting philosophy—hold on the ground while attacking in the air—was never carried out, resulting in a diversion of effort that detracted from the potency of the air offensive.
	homepage.mac.com /millhouse/ACSC/AS502cape.html (2070 words)

	Giulio sito - giulio secondo. morte giulio cesare. giulio falcone
		Giulio lancioni e definito come quello che produce il piu grande giulio basoccu e che sopporta tipicamente giulio de marchis.
		Giulio Camillo, or Giulio Camillo Delminio to give him his full name,was one of the most famous men of the sixteenth century.
		Giulio Natta Giulio Natta was born at Imperia on February 26, 1903.
	www.ausce59.info /giulio (276 words)

	[No title]
		Douhet was an outspoken man who did not care who he offended with his revolutionary ideas.
		Douhet had never flown an aircraft and had only seen three airplanes in his life up to this point, but he had intuitively seen the potential of airpower.
		Douhet's vision was of bombers that would be self-defending and fly as fast or faster than fighter aircraft.
	www.greenhill.org /facultyfolders/CB/US/History/Lowen/documents/Victorysmilesuponthosewhoanticipatethechangesinthecharacterofwar.doc (1510 words)

	THE GREAT PLANES Community - Was Giulio Douhet Right?
		Douhet proved correct in the same way that a boy with a cap gun cannot face down a fully armed and armoured soldier.
		I think Douhet's ideas and their application in WWII were a case of the wrong lessons being learnt.
		Giulio Douhet had an idea but it was wrong, history has proved this.
	www.tgplanes.com /public/snitz/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=751 (2522 words)

	FullNineYards
		One of the earliest proponents of strategic aerial warfare was General Giulio Douhet, who was selected in 1912 to lead Italy's first aviation battalion, experienced the impact of technology on combat forces during World War I. Douhet stated in his book Command of the Air, originally published in 1921, (pub.
		resistance of the enemy." Second, Douhet was convinced that the effect of this was to, without doubt, demoralize the enemy population.
		Douhet argued that since war is amoral--regardless of the methods--and inevitable, warring nations should get it over with as soon as possible.
	mason.gmu.edu /~ggault/FullNineYards-1.htm (813 words)

	False Gospel for Airpower Strategy? A Fresh Look at Giulio Douchet's "Command of Air" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Douhet’s thought was so powerfully and deliberately influenced by the peculiar conditions of interwar Italy that failure to analyze this context cannot but produce a grossly distorted understanding of his airpower theory and legacy.
		World War II was, as Douhet predicted, largely “total in character and scope” such that “the entire population and all the resources of a nation” were “sucked into the maw of war.” Yet, even this still failed to exhibit the totality of Douhet’s assumptions.
		Douhet’s neglect of friction is a central tenet of Barry Watts, The Foundations of U.S. Air Doctrine.
	www.airpower.airuniv.edu /airchronicles/cc/douhet.html (6260 words)

	Giulio Douhet - Encyclopedia.com
		Home > Categories > People > History > Italian History: Biographies > Giulio Douhet
		Giulio Douhet, 1869-1930, Italian military officer and early advocate of airpower.
		He was an early supporter of strategic bombing and the military superiority of air forces.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Douhet-G.html (254 words)

	Air Power:The Prophets: Advocates of Strategic Bombing
		And four men with visions of the role of aviation in future conflicts emerged as "air power prophets": American Billy Mitchell, Italian Giulio Douhet, and Englishmen James Molony Spaight and Sir Hugh Trenchard.
		Instead, the plan, as outlined by Douhet, was first to gain air superiority by destroying an enemy’s air force, preferably while on the ground.
		Douhet is the prophet known as the "father of air power." An Italian artilleryman, he evidently never learned to fly although he was chief of his country’s air section in 1913 and 1914.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Air_Power/Prophets/AP11.htm (1196 words)

	Command of the Air (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In 1912, Giulio Douhet led the first Italian air battalion in the dawning days before World War I. The airplane was a new weapon in the military arsenal, and Douhet was one of a handful who saw its potential.
		Nearly 100 years later, Douhet is still praised by some as one of the world’s visionaries for the use of air power.
		Douhet prophesied a day when fleets of aircraft would rain tons of bombs on enemy towns and cities, striking such terror in the civilian population that they would rise up and demand an end to war.
	www.af.mil /news/airman/1003/air.html (1822 words)

	Air Power Policy Proposal
		Douhet argued that as technology increased the airplane could be improved to the point that an efficient air force’s bomber fleet could completely devastate an enemy’s air force on the ground with a single strike, then target enemy cities and transportation centers.
		Douhet had learned from the First World War, and advocated in his book, that the airplane was to be used as a first-strike weapon in mass formations.
		It was only against Japan where Douhet’s theories were proven correct, and once again, it was only without any opposition in the air combined with the advent of a weapon so destructive that the Japanese succumbed to the American air offensive.
	www.historymike.com /paper.html (4332 words)

	Air supremacy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After the First World War, many theorists around the world began to consider the importance of air supremacy and air superiority.
		Most notably was the Italian general Giulio Douhet in his book The Command of the Air.
		At the beginning of the Second World War, the main combatants took different views on the importance of air power.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Air_supremacy (360 words)

	PARAMETERS, US Army War College Quarterly - Autumn 1998
		He cannot be criticized for not anticipating anti-aircraft radar and surface-to-air missiles, nor were he and his contemporaries alert to the continued success of low-tech, ground-based asymmetric strategies of determined, resilient adversaries.
		Air Marshal Giulio Douhet was the last great military techno-prophet before the advent of nuclear weapons (which produced their own generation of influential strategic thinkers) and before the current crop of information warfare theorists.
		Douhet anticipated rapid strikes by aerial bombers that would devastate defenseless cities, causing terrified societies and demoralized national governments to capitulate before any counterattack could be mounted.
	www.carlisle.army.mil /usawc/Parameters/98autumn/henry.htm (5837 words)

	TheHistoryNet \| World War II \| Operation Pointblank: Evolution of Allied Air Doctrine During World War II
		The airplane, initially used during World War I in a reconnaissance role to locate enemy troop and artillery movements and concentrations, evolved throughout the conflict to perform all of the roles identified with modern air power--including strategic bombing.
		Assuming that population and industrial centers would be vulnerable to fleets of heavy bombers, Douhet advocated attacking an enemy nation's urban areas and factories with explosives, incendiaries and poisonous gas--with no distinction being made between combatant and noncombatant.
		Douhet believed that the impact of strategic bombing would simultaneously demoralize an enemy's civilian population and destroy its capacity to wage war.
	www.historynet.com /magazines/world_war_2/3026416.html (1169 words)

	Author : works by Giulio Douhet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Giulio Fiesco Jessie Ann Owens - Giulio Fiesco : Il Primo Libro di Madrigali a Quattro Voci [Venice, 1554] - 0824055128
		This artikel Giulio_Douhet is licensed under the GNU free Documentation License.
		This artikel Carpet_bombing is licensed under the GNU free Documentation License.
	www.bookpricescompare.com /340863_giulio-douhet_0912799102commandoftheairbookauthorsearch.html (1394 words)

	The Command of the Air
		Notes: Originally published in 1921, Douhet's work was an important one with regard to the use of strategic offensive air power in future warfare.
		One of his key arguments was that there was no defence against air attack and, therefore, a bomber force should be used to destroy that of the enemy in order to secure victory.
		Douhet envisaged the use of high explosive, incendiary and gas bombs being used in a future war and his theories, although looked upon as prophetic, have been criticised on a number of points.
	www.nbcd.org.uk /research_library/library/detail.asp?BookID=23 (160 words)

	United States. National War College. Course 2, Syllabus - Topic 12: The Theory and Practice of Air Power
		Yet Douhet and his fellow airmen, imbued with visionary enthusiasm for their new instrument of war, accepted uncritically the most optimistic speculations about air power's future prospects and made those the basis for their theory.
		Additionally, air power proved to be considerably more complex than Douhet had envisioned, capable of undertaking a great variety of roles and producing a great variety of effects.
		The excerpt from Douhet's The Command of the Air is the pure air power vision of the post-World War I period.
	www.resdal.org /Archivo/syl2-topic12.htm (902 words)

	Douhet, Giulio
		Dickman, Joseph L. A Re-Evaluation of the Douhet Theory.
		Eula, Michael J. Giulio Douhet and Strategic Air Force Operations--A Study in the Limitations of Theoretical Warfare.
		In the final analysis, strategic bombing as the supreme mode of war has proved either ineffective or too hideously effective to be usable.
	www.au.af.mil /au/aul/bibs/great/douhet.htm (473 words)

	GI -- World War II Commemoration
		Aviation had little effect on the outcome of the surface battles of World War I because it was still in its developmental infancy.
		The nations that were to be the major air adversaries of World War II developed plans for organization and aerial equipment which reflected their national objectives and their basic concepts of war.
		Douhet believed that command of the air would be established by attacks against enemy aviation facilities and not through aerial fighting.
	www.grolier.com /wwii/wwii_13.html (3360 words)

	Terror Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Colonel Summers refers to Douhet's 1921 treatise, The >Command of the Air, reprinted by the U.S. Office of Air Force.
		Mitchell wrote that instead of destroying cities it might be >preferable to eliminate the civilian population with "a few gas bombs." >Decades later, this same concept was behind the neutron bomb, a >particularly "dirty" nuclear device designed to maximize deaths through >radiation and minimize bomb blast damage to structures.
		> >Douhet's doctrine was incorporated in the official Air Force textbook used >until World War II which, according to Greer's official Air Force history, >"established national morale and industry as more crucial objectives than >enemy armies.
	mailman.lbo-talk.org /2002/2002-May/011160.html (403 words)

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