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Topic: Giuseppe Mercalli

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	GIUSEPPE MERCALLI (1850-1914)
		--> Born on May 21, 1850 in Milano, MERCALLI studied at the Higher Technical Institute of Milano and worked as a teacher in Monza and several private schools in Milano.
		In 1889 he became professor in the Liceo Campanella in Reggio Calabria, in 1891 at the University of Catania and in 1893 at the Liceo Vittorio Emannuelle in Naples.
		He became known through his intensity scale (named afte him) that was based on numerous empirical investigations in the district of Italy where most earthquakes occurred.
	www.univie.ac.at /Wissenschaftstheorie/heat/gallery/merc-g.htm (114 words)

	Scala Richter o ML della magnitudo locale e scala Mercalli
		Deriva dal nome di Giuseppe Mercalli, sismologo e vulcanologo famoso in tutto il mondo, che nel 1902 espose alla comunita' scientifica la sua prima scala formata pero' da 10 gradi.
		La scala Mercalli misura l'intensita' di un terremoto, cioe' i suoi effetti sui manufatti.
		L'esempio classico e' quello del terremoto di altissima magnitudo che pero' avviene in mezzo al deserto, dove non ci sono costruzioni e che potra' avere intensita' minore (quindi un Grado Mercalli inferiore) rispetto ad un altro, di magnitudo inferiore che pero' avviene in una zona rurale densamente abitata, dove le costruzioni non sono antisismiche.
	www.parlandosparlando.com /view.php/id_261/lingua_0/whoisit_1 (1354 words)

	Giuseppe Mercalli information - Search.com
		Giuseppe Mercalli, an Italian volcanologist, was born on May 21, 1850 in the Italian city of Milan.
		The Mercalli scale, unlike the more famous Richter scale, doesn't measure the actual energy released by an earthquake but how much effect an earthquake had on a given area, making it poorly suited for measuring earthquakes in sparsely populated areas, but ideal for comparing damage done by various tremors.
		The Mercalli scale gives a rating from I to XII, where I is felt only by a very few and XII has near total damage, few or no masonry structures remain standing, and objects are thrown into the air.
	www.search.com /reference/Giuseppe_Mercalli (426 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Born in Milan, Mercalli was ordained a Roman Catholic priest and soon became a professor of the Natural Sciences at the seminary of Milan.
		The Mercalli scale, unlike the more famous Richter scale, doesn't measure the actual energy released by an earthquake but how much effect an earthquake had on a given area, making it poorly suited for measuring earthquakes in sparsely populated areas, but ideal for comparing damage done by various tremors.
		The Mercalli scale gives a rating from I to XII, where I is felt only by a very few and XII has near total damage, few or no masonry structures remain standing, and objects are thrown into the air.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Giuseppe_Mercalli (411 words)

	Giuseppe Mercalli . Enpsychlopedia
		Mercalli was ordained a Roman Catholic priest and soon became a professor of the Natural Sciences at the seminary of Milan.
		The Mercalli scale, unlike the more famous Richter scale, doesn't measure the actual energy released by an earthquake but how much effect an earthquake had on a given area, making it poorly suited for measuring earthquakes in sparsely populated areas, but ideal for comparing damage done by various tremors.
		The Mercalli scale gives a rating from I to XII, where I is felt only by a very few and XII has near total damage, few or no masonry structures remain standing, and objects are thrown into the air.
	www.enpsychlopedia.com /psypsych/Giuseppe_Mercalli (456 words)

	GIUSEPPE MERCALLI - BIOGRAFIA DI UOMINI ILLUSTRI
		Nato a Milano nel 1850, Giuseppe Mercalli prese gli ordini sacerdotali nel 1872, ma preferì il titolo di abate per dedicarsi agli studi di sismologia, come allievo del geologo lombardo Antonio Stoppani.
		In origine la “scala Mercalli” comprendeva dieci gradi elaborati in base ai danni prodotti dal sisma: dalla scossa strumentale di I° grado a quella disastrosa del decimo grado.
		Giuseppe Mercalli condusse sempre una vita parca e modesta, fatta di studio e di lavoro, fu un professore amato dagli alunni e stimatissimo dai colleghi, e l’intera città si commosse per la sua fine orribile.
	www.cronologia.com /storia/biografie/mercalli.htm (494 words)

	Mercalli - Qwika (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mercalli Scale Mercalli scale scale is one that measure the...
		Scale of Mercalli scale of Mercalli is one scale of classification of seisms...
		Scale of Mercalli Scale of Mercalli it is a used quantitative scale to...
	www.qwika.com /find/Mercalli (519 words)

	American Disasters Throughout History: Richter and Mercalli Earthquake Scales
		Richter magnitudes increase logarithmically, meaning the energy increases 10 times for each magnitude number.
		Mercalli intensity is based upon observations of the resulting earthquake damage and not actually measured on instruments.
		Felt by many, often mistaken for a passing vehicle.
	www.albertarose.org /Disasters/richter-mercalli_scales.html (123 words)

	earthquake intensity
		All of these are “Modified Mercalli scales.” The improvements made the descriptions less regional and more precise (instead of “buildings fall,” the newer scales say what kinds of buildings fall), and have refined the groupings to be sure they include events that actually occur together.
		Intensities on the Mercalli scale are usually shown in Roman numerals, a convention worth preserving because it helps to distinguish intensity ratings from magnitude ratings.
		The number given is an estimate of the Mercalli intensity experienced at or near the epicenter of the earthquake.
	www.sizes.com /natural/quakintens.htm (776 words)

	Nepalnews.com Mercantile Connumications Pvt. Ltd.
		The maximum intensity of X on the Modified Mercalli scale was assigned to a belt about 130 km long and 30 km wide, and two spots almost 160 km distant from the main belt, at Monghyr to the south and in the Kathmandu Valley to the north.
		The Modified Mercalli scale rates the ground shaking by a general description of human reactions to the shaking and of structural damage that occur during a tremor.
		The Modified Mercalli scale is somewhat subjective, because the apparent intensity of an earthquake depends on how far away from its center the observer is located.
	www.nepalnews.com /contents/2007/englishweekly/spotlight/feb/feb16/opinion.php (1614 words)

	Earthquakes.
		One being the weakest and 9 as the most destructive.The other scale is the Mercalli scale that was introduced during the start of the 20th century by the Italian seismologist Giuseppe Mercalli.
		The Mercalli rating depends on the site where the measurement was taken since the seismic surface effects decrease with distance from the focus of the quake.
		Intensity I on the Mercalli scale is described as an earthquake perceived by very few people, while intensity XII is designated to a disastrous occurrence that brings about full-blown devastation.
	www.howtoadvice.com /Preview/Rohnbub (454 words)

	Re: Which Scale is most commonly used for earthquakes: Mercalli or Richter
		The Mercalli scale was developed by Giuseppe Mercalli, an Italian seismologist, in 1902 so that he could compare the historical descriptions of earthquakes around the world with current earthquakes.
		The Mercalli scale does not involve any mathematical calculation, it simply ranks the observations of witnesses on a scale from I to XII (roman numerals) with a Magnitude I being not felt, except by a very few people, and a Magnitude XII being complete damage, most or all construction damaged or destroyed.
		The Mercalli scale is frequently used with the Richter scale to study how the same earthquake can cause different levels of destruction across a small area.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/nov99/942706713.Es.r.html (416 words)

	What, Where, When, Who, Why and How [5WH] for kids
		Mercalli's scale measured the intensity of shaking during an earthquake.
		This is calculated by inspecting the damage caused by the quake and interviewing the survivors later.
		Unlike the Mercalli scale, the Richter scale measured the magnitude of an earthquake at its epicentre (a point on the earth's surface directly above the hypocentre of an earthquake).
	www.pitara.com /discover/5wh/online.asp?story=121 (669 words)

	Természeti katasztrófák
		The Mercalli scale was introduced at the turn of the 20th century by the Italian seismologist Giuseppe Mercalli.
		Intensity I on this scale is defined as an event felt by very few people, whereas intensity XII is assigned to a catastrophic event that causes total destruction.
		Events of intensities II to III are roughly equivalent to quakes of magnitude 3 to 4 on the Richter scale, and XI to XII on the Mercalli scale correspond with magnitudes 8 to 9 on the Richter scale.
	library.thinkquest.org /03oct/00509/quake2_eng.html (493 words)

	Modified mercalli intensity scale: earthquakes: office of emergency management: departments: City of Fort Collins
		The earlier method is known as the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale.
		This scale was invented by Giuseppe Mercalli in 1902.
		It has a graduated scale from 1 to 12 and is based on peoples' visual and physical observations at the time of the event.
	www.ci.fort-collins.co.us /oem/modified-mercalli.php (511 words)

	::PeaceJournalism.com - The Peace Media Research Center's e-magazine::
		The maximum intensity of X on the Modified Mercalli scale was assigned to a belt about 130 km long and 30 km wide, and two spots almost 160 km distant from the main belt, at Monghyr to the south and in the Kathmandu Valley to the north.
		The Modified Mercalli scale rates the ground shaking by a general description of human reactions to the shaking and of structural damage that occur during a tremor.
		The Modified Mercalli scale is somewhat subjective, because the apparent intensity of an earthquake depends on how far away from its center the observer is located.
	peacejournalism.com /ReadArticle.asp?ArticleID=15882 (1652 words)

	Earthquakes
		In the late nineteenth century, a 10-point scale to measure earthquakes was invented by François-Alphones Forel and Michele Stefano de Rossi, and was in use for a while ("The Story").
		In 1902, Giuseppe Mercalli created a 12-point scale of intensity that measures the strength of shaking produced by the earthquake at a certain location ("The Story").
		Unlike the Mercalli scale, the Richter scale measures the magnitude of an earthquake at its epicenter ("The Story").
	members.tripod.com /nadyao/equake.html (726 words)

	How Are Earthquake Magnitudes Measured?
		Here's a table describing the magnitudes of earthquakes, their effects, and the estimated number of those earthquakes that occur each year.
		Invented by Giuseppe Mercalli in 1902, this scale uses the observations of the people who experienced the earthquake to estimate its intensity.
		The Mercalli scale isn't considered as scientific as the Richter scale, though.
	www.geo.mtu.edu /UPSeis/intensity.html (531 words)

	Know Your Earthquakes
		The other scale is the Mercalli scale that was introduced during the start of the 20th century by the Italian seismologist Giuseppe Mercalli.
		The Mercalli rating depends on the site where the measurement was taken since the seismic surface effects decrease with distance from the focus of the quake.
		Intensity I on the Mercalli scale is described as an earthquake perceived by very few people, while intensity XII is designated to a disastrous occurrence that brings about full-blown devastation.
	www.alumbo.com /article/18840-Know-Your-Earthquakes.html (748 words)

	Ritcher e Mercalli, scale sismiche, come interpretarle correttamente
		La scala Mercalli fornisce una serie di valori che partono dalla soglia 1 e finiscono con la soglia 12 (da ricordare che le ultime due soglie 11 e 12 sono state aggiunte successivamente da due americani).
		Adesso la scala Mercalli modificata e chiamata MCS (Mercalli, Cancani, Sieberg) è usata principalmente in Europa occidentale e descrive gli effetti distruttivi sull'ambiente.
		Molto spesso si confrontano le due scale cercando di fare accostamenti tra i gradi Mercalli e il magnetudo Ritcher.
	www.earthquake.it /scale-sismiche.php (556 words)

	Scale Mercalli and the Richter and magnitudo
		The intensity of the earthquakes is valued according to the Richter scale (Charles Francis Richter 26/4/1900 - 30/9/1985) or the modified Mercalli scale (Giuseppe Mercalli 21/5/1850 - 19/3/1914).
		In the 1902 Mercalli proposed the first composed scale from 10 degrees, in succession the Americans H.O. Wood and F. Neumann modified it adding 2 degrees at the end of adapt it to the constructive customs in California conventions.
		For the same motive in Western Europe is in use the MCS scale (Mercalli, Cancani, Sieberg), but in Oriental Europe be used the MKS scale (Medvedv, Karnik, Sponheuer).
	members.tripod.com /units_of_measure/sism_e.htm (541 words)

	Earthquakes
		The one currently used in the United States is the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale developed in 1931.
		Here is a photograph of Giuseppe Mercalli, the inventor of the Mercalli Scale (From Walker, 1982).
		Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale - A copy of the scale composed of 12 increasing levels of intensity based on observed effects.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /education/dynamic/session2/sess2_earthquakes.html (319 words)

	What's a Stuffed Puffin? and other questions about Alaska answered by Pamela Joy - pamelajoy.com
		The Mercalli scale is used for measuring the intensity of earthquakes.
		The scale is named for Italian priest and geologist, Giuseppe Mercalli, who died in 1914.
		The Mercalli scale ranges from I to XII, I for an earthquake that is only detected by seismographs; XII for one causing total destruction of all buildings.
	www.pamelajoy.com /alaska/puffin/2002_01_01_pu.php (866 words)

	Azurseisme : les séismes à foyer Ligure
		Le 23 février, un séisme d’intensité VIII sur l’échelle de Mercalli provoqua des dégâts en Ligurie Occidentale, principalement à Diano Castello, Alassio, San Remo, Taggia, Oneglia et Vasia.
		Mercalli poursuit en précisant que le col Grancie près de "Roccacorvare" entre Taggia et Castellaro, se fendit dans la partie Sud.
		Mercalli précise que ce village a toujours plus souffert que ceux avoisinants, même en 1831 et 1887.
	www.azurseisme.com /LesSeismesLigures.htm (1638 words)

	SCALES.HTM (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Mercalli scale - named after Italian seismologist Giuseppe Mercalli (1850-1914) is a measurement of the intensity from the observed effects of an earthquake.
		This is a subjective scale in that the Mercalli Number will vary from place to place depending on the distance from the epicenter.
		The Richter Scale is most useful to geologists in that it measures the amount of energy released by movements in the Earth's crust whilst the Mercalli Scale is more a measure of the effect on people and property.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /stonemuseum/scales.htm (228 words)

	[No title]
		A problem with the Mercalli scale is that, due to its age, it has no references to modern structural types of reinforced concrete, steel, etc. On the other hand, since older buildings are most prone to damage, this limitation may not be too serious.
		Mercalli Scale (or Index) -A measure of earthquake intensity named after Giuseppe Mercalli, an Italian priest and geologist.
		The Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MMI) is used in the seismicity information presented here as the reference when instrumental data to define Richter and surface wave magnitudes were unavailable.
	www.fema.gov /plan/prevent/earthquake/txt/fema-83-apps.txt (13671 words)

	KNMI: Mercalli, Giuseppe (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1902 introduceerde de Italiaan Giuseppe Mercalli een schaal waarmee de heftigheid (intensiteit) van de trillingen van een aardbeving kon worden weergegeven.
		De schaal van Mercalli is een indeling in beschrijvende vorm van de gevolgen die aan het aardoppervlak zijn opgetreden.
		De schaal van Mercalli is verdeeld in 12 delen, aangegeven met Romeinse cijfers, lopend van I: “niet gevoeld, slechts door instrumenten geregistreerd” tot XII: “buitengewoon catastrofaal”.
	www.knmi.nl /VinkCMS/concept_detail.jsp?id=2053 (108 words)

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