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	Lake Agassiz - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lake Agassiz was an immense lake—bigger than all of the present-day Great Lakes combined—in the center of North America, which was fed by glacial runoff at the end of the last ice age.
		Most of the lake drainage may have occurred in a very short time - perhaps as little as one year - and is believed to be responsible for the "8.2 kyr event" visible in ice cores and other climate records.
		Warren Upham (1895) The Glacial Lake Agassiz (monograph).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Glacial_Lake_Agassiz (498 words)

	NDGS - North Dakota Notes #5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Glacial Lake Agassiz was the latest in a series of proglacial lakes that must have formed in the Red River Valley many times during the Ice Age, each time north-draining rivers were impounded by ice sheets spreading south out of Canada and again as the glaciers receded.
		The stratigraphy of the sediments of the Red River Valley imply that the Valley was repeatedly occupied by glaciers, lakes, and rivers.
		The history of glacial Lake Agassiz is one of fluctuation, punctuated by periods of relative lake-level stability.
	www.state.nd.us /ndgs/NDNotes/ndn5_h.htm (1404 words)

	Agassiz, Lake
		Lake Agassiz was the largest glacial lake in North America.
		As glacial retreat continued into northwestern Ontario, the lake lowered and drainage shifted eastward into Lake Superior via various channels in the Lake Nipigon basin area.
		As deglaciation continued, lower lake levels were established and the overflow drainage shifted along a route across northern Ontario into the St Lawrence River Valley.
	thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0000057 (272 words)

	AllRefer.com - Agassiz, Lake, United States (U.S. Physical Geography) - Encyclopedia
		Agassiz, Lake, glacial lake of the Pleistocene epoch, c.700 mi (1,130 km) long, 250 mi (400 km) wide, formed by the melting of the continental ice sheet some 10,000 years ago; covered much of present-day NW Minnesota, NE North Dakota, S Manitoba, and SW Ontario.
		The lake was named in 1879 in memory of Louis Agassiz for his contributions to the theory of the glacial epoch.
		Lake Traverse, Big Stone Lake, and the Minnesota River are in the channel of prehistoric River Warren, Lake Agassiz's original outlet to the south.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/A/AgassizLk.html (261 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Lake Agassiz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Agassiz, Lake, immense glacial lake that formerly covered much of present-day northwestern Minnesota, eastern North Dakota, southwestern Ontario, and...
		Winnipeg, Lake, lake in southern Manitoba, Canada, near the city of Winnipeg.
		A remnant of Lake Agassiz, a prehistoric glacial lake, Lake Winnipeg is...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Lake_Agassiz.html (117 words)

	Glacial Lake Agassiz
		Lake Agassiz, named after Swiss geologist Louis Agassiz, was a 700-mile long by 200-mile wide lake that once covered much of Manitoba as well as parts of Ontario, Saskatchewan, Minnesota, and North Dakota.
		The fertile soil of the Red River Valley on the Minnesota-North Dakota border is also a vestige of the clay-like silt that accumulated on the bottom of the lake (Agassiz Project, 1996).
		Lake Agassiz's more than 4000-year lifespan coincided with the existence of such now-extinct animals as the giant beaver, woolly mammoth, mastodon, giant short-faced bear, and giant ground sloth (Zimmerman, 1996).
	www.cloudnet.com /~edrbsass/agassiz.htm (561 words)

	Physiographic Division
		Similarly, glacial erosion may be responsible in large measure for the modification of pre-existing rivers and lakes along the border of the Canadian Shield, and thus it may account not for their origin but for their prominence.
		The glaciers moved in a general south-westerly direction, parallel with the general structures in the underlying bedrock, and south-westerly trending valleys, basins and shallow depressions were left where the rocks were softer and more deeply weathered.
		The lake clays of Glacial Lake Agassiz in the La Ronge area are reported to contain the mineral montmorillonite, the source of which is believed to be the Cretaceous shales of the Interior Plains (Alley 1974: personal communication).
	canoesaskatchewan.rkc.ca /geology/article.htm (11351 words)

	Louis Agassiz - EvoWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Agassiz also described the first fossils attributable to ostracoderms, which would later be formally described as a taxon by E.
		Agassiz was the first to recognize the Ice Ages.
		Glacial Lake Agassiz, the Pleistocene precursor to Lake Winnipeg, was named to honor his work in glaciology in North America.
	www.evowiki.org /index.php/Louis_Agassiz (137 words)

	Regional Landscape
		Glacial drift in the eastern part is underlain by Precambrian bedrock, including middle to late Archean and early Proterozoic gneiss, amphibolite, undifferentiated granite, and metamorphosed mafic to intermediate volcanic and sedimentary rocks.
		As the lake levels of Glacial Lake Agassiz fell, ridges of sand and gravel formed along the shoreline; these are concentrated along the eastern edge of the lake plain and are known as the Lake Agassiz interbeach zone.
		The interbeach zone of Glacial Lake Agassiz supports wet prairie in the interbeach areas, with bands of drier "gravel prairie" along the beach ridges and dunes.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/habitat/rlandscp/sec1.htm (1548 words)

	THE GLACIAL LAKE AGASSIZ--Preface
		CHAPTER V: HISTORY OF LAKE AGASSIZ.--The records of glacial lakes are their outlets across present lines of watershed; eroded cliffs, beach ridges, and deltas at the levels of the former outlets; and lacustrine sediments in the basin inclosed by the old shores.
		With the uncovering of the course of the Nelson River, Lake Agassiz ceased to be held by the ice barrier, and became Lake Winnipeg.
		Epeirogenic uplifting of the area of Lake Agassiz, increasing in vertical extent from south to north, gave to its beaches a northward ascent, and caused the several shores of its southern part to become double or multiple as they are traced northward.
	www.lib.ndsu.nodak.edu /govdocs/text/lakeagassiz/preface.html (2930 words)

	Lake of the Woods
		are in Canada), elevation 323 m, fed by Rainy River from the south and drained to the northwest by the WINNIPEG RIVER; it is a remnant of former glacial Lake AGASSIZ.
		Thrust into the lake from the east is Aulneau Peninsula, named for the Jesuit priest Jean-Pierre Aulneau (1705-36) who, along with Jean-Baptiste LA VÉRENDRYE and 19 others, was killed on an island in the lake by Sioux warriors.
		The lake was part of the main FUR-TRADE ROUTE, and voyageurs frequently lost their way among its islands.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0004474 (254 words)

	Wildernet - Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge
		The Mud Lake area had been drained and become so tax delinquent that Marshall County was protected from bankruptcy by the state legislature.
		Today, Agassiz is composed of 40,000 acres of wetlands, 10,000 acres of shrublands, 7,000 acres of forestland, 4250 acres of grassland, and 150 acres of cropland.
		Agassiz has the distinction of being one of only two refuges with resident packs of eastern gray wolves in the lower 48 states.
	www.wildernet.com /pages/area.cfm?areaID=MNNRWAG&CU_ID=1 (616 words)

	Lakehead University: Anthropology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Glacial Lake Agassiz may have produced an abrupt oscillation in the climate (a "cold snap") around 11,000 years ago, due to rapid deposition of freshwater into the north Atlantic; this surge of freshwater may have temporarily interrupted the northward movement of warm water from the equator, resulting in a significant cooling of the northern hemisphere.
		One ofthe outlets of glacial Lake Agassiz that may, ultimately, have delivered thise dose of freashwater to the ocean lies in the Shebandowan area west of Thunder Bay.
		The lakes that were cored for sediment samples may identify it this outlet was active shortly after 11,000 years ago.
	bolt.lakeheadu.ca /~anthro/news/print.php?id=3 (243 words)

	PL-1541 Glacial Lake Agassiz - Province of Manitoba \| General Page
		Glacial Lake Agassiz was formed 11,500 years ago from the meltwaters of a massive ice sheet that had previously covered all of Manitoba.
		During its 4,500-year history, Lake Agassiz rose and fell several times with advances and retreats of the glacier and the opening and closing of various drainage channels.
		Glacial Lake Agassiz played a central role in the shaping of Manitoba’s topography and human history.
	www.gov.mb.ca /chc/hrb/plaques/plaq1541.html (159 words)

	glac_fluv
		Deltas are instrumental in defining the elevation of glacial lakes and past marine incursions and their flat well drained surfaces make great sites for local airports.
		Glacial fluvial gravel deposits are the most important mineral resource in New England as well and throughout glaciated portions of the Midwest.
		Glacial lake Missoula formed repeatedly when a south flowing tongue of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet dammed the westward flowing Clark Fork River along the Idaho-Montana border.
	www.salemstate.edu /~lhanson/gls215/glac_fluv.htm (1432 words)

	Red River Valley: Lake Agassiz
		Lake Agassiz rose until the water was again at the Campbell beach level and again draining southward (Emerson Phase).
		Lake Agassiz was named for Louis Agassiz, perhaps the greatest naturalist of the nineteenth century.
		Born in Switzerland, the home of alpine (mountain) glaciers, he was the first to recognize the characteristic traces of glaciation on a grand scale across the northern and southern hemispheres, and to propose the theory of continental glaciation.
	www.und.nodak.edu /instruct/eng/fkarner/pages/agassiz.htm (1463 words)

	Lake Agassiz Returns
		Glacial Lake Agassiz was a lake formed from the melting of glaciers during the Wisconsin period.
		The meltwater from Lake Agassiz was drained through River Warren which is now the valley for the Minnesota River.
		I titled this page "Lake Agassiz Returns" because the water was high enough at the south end of old Lake Agassiz that some of the meltwater started to breach the natural dam near Wheaton.
	www.angelfire.com /mn2/MrD/page10.html (527 words)

	Red River Prairie
		The subsection consists primarily of a level glacial lake plain, draining to the north by the Red River and its tributaries (Figure 8.23.1.a).
		In the southern portion of the region, Wilkin, Traverse, and the western edges of Otter Tail, Grant, and Stevens Counties are dominated by lake modified till on the Agassiz Lake Plain.
		Glacial lake sediments and lake modified till tend to hold poorly drained soils, while the terraces and moraines are well-drained (Figure 8.23.2.b).
	www.mnmodel.dot.state.mn.us /chapters/redr.htm (1728 words)

	Lake of the Woods on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A remnant of former glacial Lake Agassiz, it is fed by the Rainy River and drained to the northwest by the Winnipeg River.
		Lake of the Woods separates the Northwest Angle, the northernmost land of the conterminous United States, from the rest of Minnesota.
		Timber lake: Touching the earth lightly, this small building shows love of the forest and understanding of the sensual potentialities of wood: olfactory, tactile and visual.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/L/LakeW1ood.asp (662 words)

	ipedia.com: Lake Huron Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Lake Huron is separated from Lake Michigan, which lies at the same level, and connects by the narrow Straits of Mackinac, making them geologically the same body of water.
		The surface of Lake Huron is 579 feet above sea level, and the lake's maximum depth is 750 feet.
		Like the other Great Lakes, it is the remnant of the larger Glacial Lake Agassiz, formed by melting ice as the continental glaciers retreated.
	www.ipedia.com /lake_huron.html (243 words)

	ABSTRACT: Paleohydraulics of the last outburst flood from glacial Lake Agassiz and the 8200 BP cold event. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The largest of these was glacial Lake Agassiz, which formed about 11.7 14C kyr and drained into Hudson Bay about 7.7 14C kyr (8.45 cal kyr).
		Overflow from these lakes was variably directed to the Mississippi, St. Lawrence and Mackenzie drainage systems and it is thought that switches in routing were accompanied by a response in ocean circulation that produced abrupt climate events.
		Modelling results suggest that the outburst flood from Lake Agassiz may have terminated before the lake surface elevation dropped to sea level and that the flood ended when a stable drainage channel was established, connecting Lake Agassiz to the Tyrrell Sea.
	cgrg.geog.uvic.ca /abstracts/ClarkePaleohydraulicsDuring.html (311 words)

	Agassiz Lowlands
		The Agassiz Lowlands is a landscape of peatlands on a large flat, poorly drained glacial lakebed (Figure 8.7.1.a).
		When the combined model is applied to the Agassiz Lowlands section, 86.79 percent of all sites, excluding single artifacts, are in the high and medium site potential areas, which constitute 19.49 percent of landscape (Table 8.7.3).
		The large lakes (Lake of the Woods, Upper and Lower Red Lake) and extensive peatlands occupy large watersheds in the north and south-central portions of the subsection (Figure 8.7.1a).
	www.mnmodel.dot.state.mn.us /chapters/aglw.htm (1945 words)

	Environment & Natural Resources Trust Fund
		On average, 6,000 of the 48,000 acres of prairie habitat in northwest Minnesota’s Glacial Lake Agassiz Beach Ridges landscape are burned annually.
		In the Glacial Lake Agassiz Beach Ridges area, 74 burns on nearly 15,000 acres were conducted as part of this project.
		Landowners in northwestern Minnesota’s Glacial Lake Agassiz Interbeach Area are struggling to strike a balance between earning a living from the land and conserving prairies and grasslands for future generations.
	www.state.mn.us /ebranch/msl/etf/norman.html (577 words)

	MPCA - Glacial Lake Agassiz and the Red River Valley
		The lake drained to the south through what is now the Minnesota River valley, to the west through northern Saskatchewan to Alaska, and to the east to the Great Lakes.
		Where drainage occurred was dependent upon the level of the lake and ice coverage.
		The Red River Valley exists in what was the southwestern portion of Glacial Lake Agassiz, and what is now the center of the Red River Basin.
	www.pca.state.mn.us /water/basins/redriver/agassiz.html (484 words)

	Aspen parklands - Ecological Classification System: Minnesota DNR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		All of this unit is part of an extensive glacial lake plain (Glacial Lake Agassiz).
		Portions of the lacustrine lake plain are level, but there are also small dunes and a series of low beach ridges and swales.
		Bedrock is overlain by 100-400 feet of calcareous glacial drift.
	www.dnr.state.mn.us /ecs/broadleaf/ecs_b.html (671 words)

	MAN No 1 1960 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		These propositions were based on knowledge of limited surface archaeological materials from the Lake Agassiz basin and the assumption that this long-lived series of glacial lakes must have had considerable influence upon climatic, environment, and indirectly, cultural phenomena.
		12,000-9,500 B.C.; and [sic] Agassiz I - Agassiz II interval during which the lake was drained, coinciding with the Two Creeks interval; and the Agassiz II stage associated with the Valders substage ice and subsequent retreat, dated c.f.
		The margins of the various water stages of the lake are clearly marked in many areas by gravel beaches and extensive sand dunes.
	www1.minn.net /~pemerson/Library/MAN/MAN_01_1960.html (2185 words)

	LANDFORM AND SEDIMENTARY RELATIONSHIPS OF GLACIAL LAKE AGASSIZ SPILLWAYS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The spatial extent of Lake Agassiz was controlled by an overall retreating, but fluctuating, northern ice margin, episodic switching of outlets, and isostatic rebound.
		The ice-contact lake margin is poorly constrained in time, but large moraines composed of sand and gravel record significant inputs of meltwater into the lake during deglaciation.
		Scour lakes within proximal ends of spillways are on, or adjacent to, sub-continental drainage divides, and contain important paleogeographic data.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2003AM/finalprogram/abstract_62059.htm (428 words)

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