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Topic: Glacial Lake Wisconsin

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	Glacial Lake Wisconsin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Glacial Lake Wisconsin was a prehistoric proglacial lake that existed approximately 15,000 years ago, at the end of the last ice age, in the central part of present-day Wisconsin in the United States.
		As the glacier melted, an ice dam formed the lake, which was approximately the same size as the Great Salt Lake in Utah, and up to 150 ft (45 m) deep.
		The eventual sudden bursting of the ice dam caused a catastrophic flood that formed the Dells of the Wisconsin River in pre-existing Cambrian sandstone on the south edge of the lake.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Glacial_Lake_Wisconsin (165 words)

	Wisconsin: Geographical Provinces: Central Plain
		The isolated castles and crags are outliers of the
		The ice of the continental glacier advanced over the Central Plain of Wisconsin from both the northeast and the northwest, but an intermediate portion of the inner lowland in Wood, Portage, Adams, Juneau, Monroe and Jackson counties was not overridden by the glacier.
		The lake is 237 feet in depth, being the deepest inland lake in Wisconsin.
	www.wisconline.com /wisconsin/geoprovinces/centralplain.html (3222 words)

	Lake Wisconsin, Wisconsin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For the prehistoric lake, see Glacial Lake Wisconsin.
		Lake Wisconsin is a census-designated place located in Wisconsin.
		Lake Wisconsin is located at 43°22'24" North, 89°34'32" West (43.373461, -89.575676)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lake_Wisconsin,_Wisconsin (400 words)

	ODC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Glacial activity was directly responsible for the formation of the Great Lakes, the largest continuous surface of liquid fresh water in the world.
		Green Lake, the deepest natural lake in the state, and Lake Winnebago, the Wisconsin lake with the largest surface area, 137,708 acres, were also formed by morainal dams.
		Understanding how lakes were formed and how they receive their water are important to researchers, planners and anyone who uses or cares about lakes because a lake’s background defines some of its potential -- and how each reacts to the challenges of human habitation.
	www.outdoorcentral.com /mc/pr/03/07/15d3.asp (936 words)

	Glacial Lake Wisconsin
		Glacial Lake Wisconsin was a perhistoric proglacial lake that existed approximately 15,000 years ago, at the end of the last ice age, in the central part of present-day Wisconsin in the United States.
		The lake was formed by melting of the area of the glacier called the Driftless Area, which extended into central Wisconsin.
		The eventual sudden bursting of the ice dam resulted a catastrophic flood that formed the Dells of the Wisconsin River in pre-existing Cambrian sandstone on the south edge of the lake.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/glacial_lake_wisconsin (205 words)

	Wisconsin's Glacial Legacy
		The flat bed of glacial Lake Wisconsin, one these lakes, is a marked contrast to the unglaciated hills of the Driftless Area that bound its western side.
		In the areas of Wisconsin that were glaciated prior to the most recent glaciation, erosion has had time to modify the landscape and, as a result, glacial landforms are subdued or unrecognizable.
		Wisconsin’s legacy from the glaciers and meltwater streams of the Ice Age is a landscape of great diversity and beauty.
	www.nps.gov /iatr/expanded/history.htm (1343 words)

	Geology of Ice Age National Scientific Reserve of Wisconsin (Chapter 8)
		Glacial Lake Wisconsin at one or more times probably was joined with Glacial Lake Baraboo in a huge lake covering most of Juneau County and large parts of the adjoining counties (Figs.
		Martin (1932:340) believed that Glacial Lake Wisconsin merged with water west of the Black River divide, whose outlet was westward down the East Fork of Black River from Scranton, Wood County, to Hatfield, Jackson County and thence southward down Black River.
		Alden (1918:223) found erratics in the Lake Baraboo basin to an elevation of 980 ft. The moraine at the north end of the West Bluff of Devils Lake is firmly plastered against the rock at an elevation of 1060 ft, leaving little doubt that the level of Black River divide must have been reached.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/science/2/chap8.htm (1849 words)

	CVO Website - Glacial Lake Missoula
		Glacial Lake Missoula, an immense water body dammed in the upper Clark Fork valley by the Purcell Trench lobe, was the source of floodwater that catastrophically swept across the Channeled Scabland (Bretz, et.al., 1956; see also Baker, 1982).
		Lake Missoula shorelines etched across the sharp Fraser-age terminal moraines of alpine glaciers that flowed from mountains on the east side of the lake (Alden, 1953; 197-13) similarly indicate that the alpine-glacial maximum there occurred before or during the higher stands of the lake.
		Because the lake was ponded near the terminus of the Purcell Trench lobe, the long interval of ponding implies that the lobe maintained its near-maximal position for millennia.
	vulcan.wr.usgs.gov /Glossary/Glaciers/IceSheets/description_lake_missoula.html (4100 words)

	Dells_of_the_Wisconsin_River (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Dells of the Wisconsin River (used in the singular, and also called the Wisconsin Dells) is a 5 mi (8 km) gorge on the Wisconsin River in southern Wisconsin in the United States noted for its particular scenic beauty, in particular for its unique sandstone rock formations and tributary canyons.
		The nearby town of Wisconsin Dells is the center of summer tourist activity, much of it in the form of the theme parks unrelated to the river features.
		The melting of the glacier formed Glacial Lake Wisconsin, a lake about the size of Great Salt Lake in Utah and as deep as 150 ft (45 m).
	www.freecaviar.com /search.php?title=Dells_of_the_Wisconsin_River (489 words)

	The Wisconsin River by Mark Morgan
		The land characteristic of this portion of the river is steep hills and bluffs.
		This is where the glaciers stopped and deposited all of the rock and dirt that it pushed off of Northern Wisconsin.
		The Wisconsin Dells is one of the largest tourist attractions on the river.
	www.wvic.com /Wisconsin-River-Mark-Morgan.htm (1320 words)

	FIELD TRIPPING: WISCONSIN DELLS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Glacial Lake Wisconsin was formed in the area bounded to the south by the resistant quartzite Baraboo Hills; to the west by a divide to the Mississippi River; the north by the high land of northern Wisconsin; to the east the Green Bay Lobe of the ice sheet contributed meltwaters to the lake.
		The Devil’s Lake outlet carried water out of the southern end of Lake Wisconsin before it was blocked by the Johnstown moraine.
		Glacial Lake Wisconsin by Lee Clayton and John W. Attig, Geological Society of America Memoir 173 available from the GSA, 330 Penrose Place, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, Colorado 80301.
	www.science.uwaterloo.ca /earth/waton/f921.html (890 words)

	Regional Landscape
		The remaining eastern quarter of the subsection is rolling and undulating moraine and pitted outwash, with a narrow band of lacustrine sands at the extreme eastern edge.
		On the lake plain, there is a complex mosaic of plant communities that include conifer-dominated swamp forest, marsh and sedge meadow, and jack pine-northern pin oak barrens.
		The predominant landforms are glacial lake bed and outwash plain, with some pitted outwash and ground moraine at the eastern edge.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/habitat/rlandscp/sub5-1.htm (748 words)

	GLACIAL LAKES WISCONSIN AND OSHKOSH—TWO VERY DIFFERENT LATE-GLACIAL ICE-MARGINAL LAKES IN WISCONSIN
		Glacial Lake Wisconsin formed when the western edge of the Green Bay Lobe advanced onto the eastern end of the Baraboo Hills, damming the Wisconsin River.
		Throughout most of its existence glacial Lake Wisconsin was separated from the Green Bay Lobe by broad outwash plains and there were no major advances of ice into the lake.
		Sediment deposited in glacial Lake Oshkosh is characterized by thick sequences of laminated silt and clay-rich lake sediment interbedded with till and sandy lake sediment and outwash.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2005NC/finalprogram/abstract_86950.htm (554 words)

	Adams County Wisconsin
		The glacial lobes rejoined to the south, thereby encircling sections of Wisconsin and neighboring states in a ring of ice demarcating what is known as the Driftless Area because of its lack of rocky glacial debris.
		From 1970 to the present, owing to the county’s increased accessibility, and thanks to the recreational lakes and subdivisions built in the Town of Rome, Adams County witnessed its greatest expansion, second fastest in the state, and population increase since it was first settled.
		After the glaciers retreated from central Wisconsin and the gigantic but shallow prehistoric lake covering most of Adams County drained through a break in its icy impondment, the soils remaining were quite different from those in glaciated areas of the state.
	www.adamscountywi.com /about-adams-county.shtml (1398 words)

	Glaciation
		The Wisconsin Glaciation lasted from about 80,000 years ago until about12,000 years ago, leaving a terminal moraine about 900 miles in length throughout the state.
		The Green Bay lobe of the Wisconsin Glaciation formed pseudo caves on the Ledge and moved, apparently, parallel to the Niagra Escarpment.
		The glacier receded in a series of stages, creating recessional moraines, which mark a temporary icy delay in their retreat.
	www.fws.gov /midwest/horicon/hisglacers.html (1352 words)

	Glacial Lake Agassiz
		Lake Agassiz, named after Swiss geologist Louis Agassiz, was a 700-mile long by 200-mile wide lake that once covered much of Manitoba as well as parts of Ontario, Saskatchewan, Minnesota, and North Dakota.
		It was formed about 12,000 years ago at the end of the Pleistocene Epoch during last two phases of the Wisconsin Glacial Age (Agassiz Project, 1996) as a result of the accumulation of glacial meltwater that was prevented from flowing northward by remnants of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (Ostlie and Faust, 1997).
		Lake Agassiz's more than 4000-year lifespan coincided with the existence of such now-extinct animals as the giant beaver, woolly mammoth, mastodon, giant short-faced bear, and giant ground sloth (Zimmerman, 1996).
	www.cloudnet.com /~edrbsass/agassiz.htm (561 words)

	History
		In 1945, a Mess Hall was built on the property of Central Cranberry Company, which is now Glacial Lake Cranberries, Inc., to feed those who worked daily on the cranberry marsh.
		Glacial Lake Cranberries, Inc. is a participating grower with the Wisconsin Rapids Visitors and Convention Bureau’s Cranberry Highway and
		The glacier melted about 15,000 years ago and formed Glacial Lake Wisconsin, a lake about the size of Utah’s Great Salt Lake and as deep as 150 feet.
	www.cranberrylink.com /history.html (389 words)

	Glacial Lake Oconto (Williams' Farm) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Glacial Lake Oconto must have been blocked by ice to the east, since there are many possible outlets in that direction today, and modelling of glacio-isostasy indicates that it was probably fairly deep.
		Glacial Lake Oconto would have drained early in the retreat of the ice.
		Thus the present peat soils cannot date from the time of the glacial lake; the glacial lake deposits are the flat-lying sands beneath.
	www.uwgb.edu /dutchs/GEOLWISC/GEOSTOPS/muckfarm.htm (394 words)

	Wheaton College (Wheaton, IL) - Physics
		Glacial Lake Wisconsin shorelines as a constraint on lower mantle viscosity and ice sheet thickness in the Great Lakes region.
		Late glacial and post-glacial shoreline deleveling in the Lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron.
		Predicted deformation of glacial lake shorelines of the Lake Michigan Basin.
	www.wheaton.edu /geology/clark_pub.html (1236 words)

	Why Wisconsin has so many lakes and wetlands
		Glaciers left their mark elsewhere, and through other lake-forming mechanisms.
		Some lakes are especially susceptible to human activities like home building, road construction and other developments along their shore.
		Perched lakes are vulnerable because runoff can carry soil, nutrients and surface contaminants to these waters.
	www.lake-link.com /news/headline.cfm?NewsHeadlinesID=174 (1045 words)

	Water Flows in the Necedah National Wildlife Refuge
		The sandy sediments and flat topography of the area are a result of Glacial Lake Wisconsin, a pre-historic lake that developed when a glacier blocked the Wisconsin River near Baraboo (Clayton, 1989).
		This extensive lake occupied large parts of Juneau and Adams Counties, and parts of Wood, Portage, Waushara, Marquette, Columbia, Sauk, Richland, Vernon, Monroe and Jackson Counties.
		Glacial Lake Wisconsin drained catastrophically about 13,000 years ago when the glaciers retreated (Clayton and Attig, 1989).
	wi.water.usgs.gov /pubs/FS-068-00 (3061 words)

	Explore Monroe County, Wisconsin - attractions, parks, and festivals with links to shopping, hotels, business directory
		Located in west central Wisconsin between the Wisconsin and Mississippi Rivers, Monroe County is a land of scenic wonders.
		From craggy buttes and mesas that once were islands rising from the wooded bed of a great glacial lake and grand marshes where bright red cranberries and mosses grow, Monroe County features sparkling brooks, rivers and streams flowing through rugged rock-walled valleys and gently rolling hills, wildflower prairies, brushlands and forests.
		Wisconsin is the only state in the nation that commercially harvests, processes and exports this major horticultural product.
	www.explorewisconsin.com /countypages/monroe.html (1785 words)

	Juneau County attractions, historic sites, parks, nature centers, festivals & museums
		When the lake dried up, the land became covered by giant boulders and later was covered with grasslands, scrub brush and forests of towering pines rich with wildlife.
		The power of the Wisconsin River was harnessed by the construction of two hydroelectric dams, one at Petenwell Rock and the other at Castle Rock, forming the state's 2nd and 4th largest inland lakes, both on the eastern border of Juneau County.
		The County's lakes, rivers and streams are alive with brown, brook, and rainbow trout, bass, pan fish, walleye, northern, catfish, and muskies.
	www.explorewisconsin.com /countypages/juneau.html (2238 words)

	Wildernet - Mirror Lake State Park
		The lake was originally named LaBar Pond for Horace LaBar who dammed the water source and operated a flourmill during the late 19th century.
		It was not until the middle of the 20th century when the State of Wisconsin acquired the 2.050-acre tract.
		The lake does house limited populations of northern pike, yellow perch, crappie and walleye.
	www.wildernet.com /pages/area.cfm?areaID=WISPML&CU_ID=1 (695 words)

	On Campus - University of Wisconsin-Madison
		Located along a glacial lake in Wisconsin's capital city, the University of Wisconsin-Madison enrolls more than 40,000 undergraduate and graduate students and is one of the nation's premier public universities.
		Included are the McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, the Biotron, the Institute on Aging, the Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center, the Arboretum, the Kegonsa Research Campus, the Space Science and Engineering Center, the University Research Park, the Biotechnology Center, the Institute for Environmental Studies and the Center for Dairy Research.
		Jupiter's moon Io, whose strange surface is defined by active volcanoes, lakes of molten sulfur and vast fields of sulfur dioxide snow, has revealed another oddity to scientists: caps of glowing hydrogen gas at the moon's poles.
	www.news.wisc.edu /TSC/wisconsin2.htm (1572 words)

	NPS: Nature & Science» Geology Resources Division (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The trail route returns to the end moraine of the recent glaciation in Dane County, skirts Madison's western edge, and leads to several glacial meltwater channels cut into the bedrock hills of the Driftless Area, such as the one in the Cross Plains Unit of the Ice Age National Scientific Reserve.
		Amid the northern forest of spruce, fir, maple, and birch In Langlade County, the trail enters a region full of lakes and bogs formed by the melting of the glacier.
		In Chippewa County, the trail again winds among numerous lakes and bogs in the moraine of the Chippewa Lobe.
	www2.nature.nps.gov /geology/parks/iatr (2925 words)

	WDNR - Mill Bluff Geology
		Even though this park is in the driftless area (exit DNR) which the glaciers missed, the geologic features are partially the result of the last or Wisconsin stage, of glaciation.
		Because of the uniqueness of this park and of the delicate sandstone structures of the buttes, climbing on or defacing the bluffs is strictly prohibited.
		With later joint planning between the U.S. Department of the Interior and the State of Wisconsin, Mill Bluff was officially established in the Federal Register in May 1971, as a unit of the Ice Age National Scientific Reserve.
	www.dnr.state.wi.us /org/land/parks/specific/millbluff/geology (466 words)

	NPCA Destination Finder
		The western branch passes the Dells of the Wisconsin River, which were formed by glacial meltwater, and crosses the flat bed of glacial Lake Wisconsin in Juneau and Adams Counties, passing sandstone buttes rising among scrub oak and jack pines.
		Passes through drumlin fields and among kettle lakes in Portage and Waupaca Counties, and continues north across outwash plains and end moraines in Marathon County.
		Admire the Dells of the Wisconsin River, which were formed by glacial meltwater.
	syndication.getoutdoors.com /npca/destination_regions/5822.html (199 words)

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