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Topic: Glacial period

	Glacial Period - LoveToKnow 1911
		Glacial deposits may be roughly classified in two groups: those that have been formed directly by the action of the ice, and those formed through the agency of water flowing under, upon, and from the ice-sheets, or in streams and lakes modified by the presence of the ice.
		The periodicity of glacial advances and retreats, demanded by those who believe in the validity of so-called " interglacial " epochs, is explained by a series of complicated processes involving the alternate depletion and completion of the normal charge of carbon dioxide in the air.
		Extensive glaciation was not limited to the aforesaid regions, for all the areas of high ground had their independent glaciers strongly developed; the Pyrenees, the central highlands of France, the Vosges, Black Forest, Apennines and Caucasus were centres of minor but still important glaciation.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Glacial_Period (3277 words)

	GLACIAL PERIOD - Online Information article about GLACIAL PERIOD
		GLACIER (adopted from the French; from glace, ice, Lat.
		Lyell and others have advocated the view that great elevation of the land in polar regions would be conducive to glacial conditions; this is doubtless true, but the evidence that the Glacial period was primarily due to this cause is not well established.
		Alaska seems to be free from excessive glaciation, and that a remark-able " driftless " area lies in Wisconsin.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /GEO_GNU/GLACIAL_PERIOD.html (5666 words)

	Timeline of glaciation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It has been suggested also that the end of this cold period was responsible for the subsequent Cambrian Explosion, a time of rapid diversification of multicelled life during the Cambrian era.
		The marine record preserves all the past glaciations; the land-based evidence is less complete because successive glaciations may wipe out evidence of their predecessors.
		The last glacial and interglacial phases of the Pleistocene are named, from most recent to most distant, as follows.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Timeline_of_glaciation (330 words)

	Ice age - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An ice age is a period of long-term downturn in the temperature of Earth's climate, resulting in an expansion of the continental ice sheets, polar ice sheets and mountain glaciers ("glaciation").
		Glaciologically, ice age is often used to mean a period of ice sheets in the northern and southern hemispheres; by this definition we are still in an ice age (because the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets still exist).
		The colder periods are called 'glacial periods', the warmer periods 'interglacials', such as the Eemian interglacial era.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ice_age (2011 words)

	Bedfordshire Primeval Man \| Bone and Stone
		It is, however, highly probable that he lived in Asia and Africa before that period, because the primeval savage is first detected in North-Western Europe as a skilful designer and maker of stone tools.
		The facts as to the last great glacial period and its date may be stated briefly as follows.
		Repeated interviews held by me with diggers, old and young, during this period, have ended in the positive statement, that no bones whatever have ever been seen or heard of in any of the Caddington pits.
	www.boneandstone.com /articles/bedfordshire.html (2670 words)

	Ice age
		An ice age is a period of long-term downturn in the temperature of Earth's climate, resulting in an expansion of the polar ice caps and mountain glaciers ("glaciation").
		In particular, during the last 800 thousand years the dominant glacial oscillation has been 100 thousand, which corresponds to changes in Earth's eccentricity and inclination, and yet is by far the weakest of the three frequencies predicted by Milankovic.
		The end of the last glaciation also corresponds quite closely to the development of permanent human settlements and agriculture, and it is possible that there is a connection between the two events.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/i/ic/ice_age_1.html (1037 words)

	THE GLACIAL LAKE AGASSIZ--Chapter IV
		This closing stage of the Glacial period was immediately succeeded by a time of great erosion of the valley deposits of stratified drift, as soon as the continued glacial recession beyond the drainage areas of the rivers cut off the supply of water and of drift that had been derived from the melting ice.
		The Glacial, Champlain, and Terrace epochs thus overlap, the second being wholly and the third partially included within the Glacial or Pleistocene period, if continental areas are considered; but for any limited district, as a single river basin, the sculpturing of the terraces took place chiefly after the departure of the ice beyond its watershed.
		No glacial currents coming from even a few degrees west of north seem to have contributed immediately to the formation of this moraine, although during earlier stages of the glaciation currents from the north-northwest mingled their drift with that from the northeast upon this region.
	www.lib.ndsu.nodak.edu /govdocs/text/lakeagassiz/chapter4.html (13897 words)

	Geology
		Through most of the Ordovician period which followed it was still a portion of the bed of the great interior salt water sea, but near the close of that period a small portion, about one-eighteenth of the entire state, emerged from the water.
		The origin of this ice (like that of the glaciers still remaining in the Alps and other mountain ranges, and still covering a large part of Greenland), was doubtless in the continued accumulation of snow over the glaciated region in excess of the melting power of the summer sun.
		To this limit the ice of the glacial period continued in its southern movement, grinding down the elevated surfaces and filling up the depressions of the country, and bringing its vast burdens of granite rocks from the north.
	www.lkwdpl.org /history/35.htm (6700 words)

	XII. Geographical Distribution. Alternate Glacial Periods in the North and South. Darwin, Charles Robert. 1909-14. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		At this period the equatorial climate at the level of the sea was probably about the same with that now experienced at the height of from five to six thousand feet under the same latitude, or perhaps even rather cooler.
		On the decline of the Glacial period, as both hemispheres gradually recovered their former temperatures, the northern temperate forms living on the lowlands under the equator, would have been driven to their former homes or have been destroyed, being replaced by the equatorial forms returning from the south.
		Croll’s conclusion that successive Glacial periods in the one hemisphere coincide with warmer periods in the opposite hemisphere, together with the admission of the slow modification of species, explains a multitude of facts in the distribution of the same and of the allied forms of life in all parts of the globe.
	www.bonus.com /contour/bartlettqu/http@@/www.bartleby.com/11/1204.html (2830 words)

	Glacial Period - The History of Jefferson County, Iowa, 1879
		This pulverized rock was washed from beneath the glacier by the overflowing waters which constantly gushed forth, and settled on far-off plains as alluvial sand and clay.
		The glacier was frozen to the bottom of its river-bed, congealing in its embrace rocks, gravel, sand and whatever substances lay thereon.
		Glaciation, or the process of leveling the earth's surface by the pressure of moving glaciers, only wore off and smoothed down the surface of the country, leaving it a vast undulating plain of dark blue mud, a heterogeneous mass of clay, sand, gravel and bowlders.
	www.usgennet.org /usa/topic/historical/1879_jefferson/jefferson_45.htm (3789 words)

	XII. Geographical Distribution. Dispersal During the Glacial Period. Darwin, Charles Robert. 1909-14. Origin of ...
		The former influence of the glacial climate on the distribution of the inhabitants of Europe, as explained by Edward Forbes, is substantially as follows.
		In the foregoing illustration I have assumed that at the commencement of our imaginary Glacial period, the arctic productions were as uniform round the polar regions as they are at the present day.
		At this, the newer Pliocene period, the majority of the inhabitants of the world were specifically the same as now, and we have good reason to believe that the climate was warmer than at the present day.
	www.bartleby.com /11/1203.html (1224 words)

	10(af) Landforms of Glaciation
		Glaciers have played an important role in the shaping of landscapes in the middle and high latitudes and in alpine environments.
		During the last glacial period more than 50 million square kilometers of land surface were geomorphically influenced by the presence of glaciers.
		Glacial erratics are large pieces of rock that have been transported away from their source areas by moving glacial ice sheets.
	www.physicalgeography.net /fundamentals/10af.html (1793 words)

	Natural history - Minnesota's geology - SNAs: Minnesota DNR
		A glacier is a large body of ice moving slowly across a land surface.
		Glaciers sculpt the surface of the earth as they expand, cutting through relatively soft materials, picking up occasional pieces of rock or debris along the way, and depositing them further on.
		Later, when the glacier melts away, this plug is left on the land in a long, molded ridge of sand and gravel called an esker.
	www.dnr.state.mn.us /snas/naturalhistory.html (2513 words)

	Charles Darwin : Origin of Species : Alternate Glacial periods in the north and south
		In Europe we meet with the plainest evidence of the Glacial period, from the western shores of Britain to the Ural range, and southward to the Pyrenees.
		Croll, cold periods regularly recur every ten or fifteen thousand years; and these at long intervals are extremely severe, owing to certain contingencies, of which the most important, as Sir C. Lyell has shown, is the relative position of the land and water.
		And thus, when the two sets became commingled in the equatorial regions, during the alternations of the Glacial periods, the northern forms were the more powerful and were able to hold their places on the mountains, and afterwards migrate southward with the southern forms; but not so the southern in regard to the northern forms.
	www.classicreader.com /read.php/sid./bookid.107/sec.86 (2860 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Mesolithic period (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		MESOLITHIC PERIOD [Mesolithic period] or Middle Stone Age, period in human development between the end of the Paleolithic period and the beginning of the Neolithic period.
		It began with the end of the last glacial period over 10,000 years ago and evolved into the Neolithic period; this change involved the gradual domestication of plants and animals and the formation of settled communities at various times and places.
		The Mesolithic period in other areas is represented by the Natufian in the Middle East, the Badarian and Gerzean in Egypt, and the Capsian in N Africa.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/m/mesolith.asp (658 words)

	Chapter I: Primitive Europeans of the Glacial and Inter-glacial Periods
		In Egypt and Babylonia, where inundations of river valleys were of periodic occurrence, and where, at rare intervals, floods of excessive volume caused great destruction and loss of life, and even brought about political changes, it was concluded that the old Ages were ended and new Ages inaugurated by world-devastating deluges.
		Representative of these are the legends of the Arawaks of North Brazil regarding periods of flood, storm, and darkness, and those of the Mexicans, which deal with the destruction of early races by deluges caused by several succeeding suns perishing from lack of sustenance.
		The glaciers melted and again there were great floods in the valleys, and the ice retreated from the lowlands of Scotland.
	www.earth-history.com /Greece/Myths/mckenzie-01.htm (6281 words)

	Geomorphology of the Great Lakes-Saint Lawrence Region (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The last glacial period was actually the most important period with respect to the natural topography of the region and is appropriately the first part of this section.
		Glacial periods have been connected to the Earth's erratic rotation.
		The most recent and well documented glacial period in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence region is called the Wisconsin, named after the area in which most of the evidence was found.
	collections.ic.gc.ca /stlauren/environ/en_geomo.htm (1589 words)

	Pennsylvania State Parks - Archbald Pothole - PA DCNR
		Most of the evidence of glaciers in Pennsylvania is from the most recent advance, the Wisconsin Glacial Period.
		In the Northern Hemisphere, this glacier was called the Laurentide Continental Glacier and was several miles thick in the center while the edges were around 500 feet thick.
		It is unknown whether the pothole formed during an advance or retreat of the glacier.
	www.dcnr.state.pa.us /stateparks/parks/archbaldpothole.aspx (1556 words)

	glacial periods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		glacial periods, times during which large portions of the earth's surface were covered with thick glacial ice sheets.
		Other possible explanations for glacial advances include the changes in the direction of ocean currents, shifting of the continents over the earth's surface, fluctuation in the sun's energy and size, and loss of heat from the earth's surface through reduction of the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere.
		Pleistocene epoch: An Ice Age - An Ice Age The Pleistocene is the best-known glacial period (Ice Age) of the earth's history.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0820935.html (532 words)

	Glacial period - Extremely Large Variations of Atmospheric 14C Concentration During
		For example, the Quaternary period may be called a “glacial period.” 2.
		Search for "glacial period" in all of MSN Encarta ice age: any period of geologic time when most of the Earth was covered in ice
		During glacial periods, the climate of the North Atlantic and adjacent regions Also (not shown), full glacial periods were characterised by very high
	newinfoseek.com /nwis/glacial-period.html (553 words)

	Glacial period - Glacial Period - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		At 21000 years ago, the earth was in the middle of the last glacial period (LGM: Last Glacial Maximum).
		glacial periods, times during which large portions of the earth's surface explain the mass extinction that occurred at the end of the Cretaceous period.
		GLACIAL PERIOD Nicolas De Crecy For the first time in the US, The result is a story set thousands of years hence in a glacial period where all human
	vacation-rental-by-owner.getinfoeasy.com /?q=vacation-rental-by-owner-glacial-period (281 words)

	North Greenland reveals gradual, abrupt climate swings
		A new, undisturbed Greenland ice deep-core record going back 123,000 years shows the Eemian period prior to the last glacial period was slightly warmer than the present day before it gradually cooled and sent Earth into an extended deep freeze.
		The transition from the Eemian into the most recent glacial period was slow and gradual, marked by general cooling and deterioration of the climate over several thousand years, according to the study.
		The cores are cylinders of ice four inches in diameter that were brought to the surface in 11.5-foot lengths, said White, a fellow of CU-Boulder's Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-09/uoca-ngr090704.php (858 words)

	Pliocene quick guide
		These statistical characteristics themselves shift throughout the period of the last few million years going into the Quaternary Period, with a decline in mean temperature and a trend towards increased aridity, and broader oscillations in both temperature and aridity.
		Other data from the same time periods contradict this, and suggest that the coherant 'greater cold = greater aridity' pattern has indeed held true during the last 130,000 years (the contradictions may be due to errors in the dating, though which side is correct is presently unclear).
		Whilst the averages shift, there is a large amount of overlap between the colder events of one period and the warmer events of the next.
	www.esd.ornl.gov /projects/qen/pliocene.html (2735 words)

	Plantlife on Iceland
		Before the first glacial period they were present just like many broad-leaved tree species, suggesting that warmer climates than today existed before the glacial periods.
		The glacial periods has led to extinction of many plant species in Europe because (unlike in the America's) the main mountain ridges (Pyrenees, Alps, Carpathians) run east-west, meaning plants got trapped as vegetation zones had to move southward.
		Some species have survived the glacial period in Iceland on what is believed to be Nunatak refuges.
	www1.bos.nl /~dvuijk/plants/background_plants.html (819 words)

	Amazon.com: Glacial Period (Louvre): Books: Nicolas De Crecy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The result is a story set thousands of years hence in a glacial period where all human history has been forgotten and a small group of archeologists fall upon the Louvre, buried in age-old snow.
		The first volume of 'Glacial Period' represents a departure from the usual graphic novel format, coming from the Louvre, Paris' famous museum, and extending its art into the pop realm.
		Two French publishing efforts have joined with a literary comics imprint to produce Glacial Period, in which the Louvre will provide a series of four separate graphic novels by four artists: GLACIAL PERIOD is the first, comes from a rising graphic artists star, and is presented in gorgeous, full color throughout.
	www.amazon.com /Glacial-Period-Louvre-Nicolas-Crecy/dp/1561634832 (1021 words)

	Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis
		The rate of temperature change during the recovery phase from the last glacial maximum provides a benchmark against which to assess warming rates in the late 20th century.
		On the other hand, very rapid warming at the start of the Bölling-Alleröd period, or at the end of the Younger Dryas may have occurred at rates as large as 10°C/50 years for a significant part of the Northern Hemisphere.
		A core from the margin of the Faeroe-Shetland channel covering the last glacial period reveals numerous oscillations in benthic and planktonic foraminifera, oxygen isotopes and ice-rafted detritus (Rasmussen et al., 1996a).
	www.grida.no /climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/074.htm (1549 words)

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