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	GLANDERS,
		Glanders attacks the mucous membranes and lymphatic system and commonly produces ulcerating nodules in such sites as the upper respiratory tract, lungs, and skin, potentially leading to damage to cartilage and bone.
		An acute type of glanders, leading to death in three or four weeks, tends to be seen often in donkeys and mules.
		Chronic cutaneous glanders, marked by nodules developing on the surface of the body along with enlarged regional lymph nodes and channels, is sometimes called farcy.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=210489 (882 words)

	Glanders - LoveToKnow 1911
		It occurs chiefly among those who from their occupation are frequently in contact with horses, such as grooms, coachmen, cavalry soldiers, veterinary surgeons, andc.; the bacillus is communicated from a glandered animal either through a wound or scratch or through application to the mucous membrane of the nose or mouth.
		Cases of recovery from this form are on record; but in general the disease ultimately proves fatal by exhaustion of the patient, or by a sudden supervention, which is apt to occur, of the acute form.
		In all cases of the outbreak of glanders it is of the utmost consequence to prevent the spread of the disease by the destruction of affected animals and the cleansing and disinfection of infected localities.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Glanders (685 words)

	Glanders
		Glanders is a highly contagious disease of solipeds caused by Pseudomonas mallei and characterized by nodular lesions of the lungs and other organs as well as ulcerative lesions of the skin and mucous membranes of the nasal cavity and respiratory passages.
		Glanders is primarily a disease of solipeds — particularly horses, donkeys, and mules.
		Glanders is currently limited to parts of Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia (specifically Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, India, Burma, Indonesia, the Philippines, China, and Mongolia) and possibly the Balkan states, former Soviet republics, Mexico, and South America (7,8,9,10).
	www.vet.uga.edu /VPP/gray_book02/fad/gla.php (2137 words)

	GLANDERS- is an infectious disease that is causes by the bacterium Burkholderia mallei
		GLANDERS- is an infectious disease that is causes by the bacterium Burkholderia mallei
		GLANDERS- is an infectious disease that is causes by the bacterium Burkholderia mallei. It is a disease primarily effecting horses. It can also affect donkeys and mules and can be naturally contracted by goats, dogs, and cats. Humans have not been affected by it since 1945.
		Glanders hasn’t been seen any naturally occurring since the 1940’s in the United States. Although it is still commonly seen among some domestic animals in Africa, Asia, the middle east, and central and south America.
	www.mindspring.com /~rcraven/Jen/GLANDERSmralarelo.htm (321 words)

	glanders - Encyclopedia.com
		In the cutaneous form of the disease, craterlike ulcers form on the skin along the course of the lymph vessels of the extremities; this form of glanders is commonly called farcy.
		There is no effective treatment for glanders and the infected animal must be destroyed to prevent the spread of the disease.
		Petruchio's Skimmington mount is possessed with the glanders, infected with the fashions, sped with spavins, rayed...
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-glanders.html (1138 words)

	eMedicine - CBRNE - Glanders and Melioidosis : Article by Paul P Rega
		Glanders is caused by B mallei (formerly Pseudomonas mallei).
		Occurrence of glanders in the absence of animal attack, occupational exposure, and/or in an epidemic is presumptive evidence of a BW attack.
		In countries where glanders is endemic in animals, identification and elimination of the disease in the animal population prevents disease in humans.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic884.htm (3417 words)

	Glanders: essential data
		Glanders is both contagious and infective, and is relatively unknown in the west.
		Glanders is a disease of horses and their relatives (known collectively as Equidae.) Although the disease affects many other mammals, the only reservoir of the disease is the horse.
		Glanders shares with anthrax and plague the distinction of use in war.
	www.cbwinfo.com /Biological/Pathogens/BMa.html (728 words)

	Defra, UK - Disease surveillance and control - Notifiable diseases - Glanders & Farcy
		Glanders is a serious bacterial disease of the respiratory tract and skin, affecting mainly equids.
		Donkeys can suffer from an acute form of Glanders, in which the lungs are inflamed over a large surface.The tissue is very firm, and on section of the surface of the lung has a greyish red colour.
		As the Glanders and Farcy bacteria is spread from animal to animal, by people and other means, the only way the disease could be eradicated was by immediately slaughtering the infected horses.
	www.defra.gov.uk /Animalh/diseases/notifiable/glanders/index.htm (748 words)

	Glanders General: DBMD - WrongDiagnosis.com - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Glanders is primarily a disease affecting horses, but it also affects donkeys and mules and can be naturally contracted by goats, dogs, and cats.
		The symptoms of glanders depend upon the route of infection with the organism.
		In countries where glanders is endemic in animals, prevention of the disease in humans involves identification and elimination of the infection in the animal population.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /artic/glanders_general_dbmd_printer.htm (612 words)

	Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals, 5th edition, 2004
		Glanders is a contagious and fatal disease of horses, donkeys, and mules, and is caused by infection with the bacterium Burkholderia mallei (the name recently changed from Pseudomonas mallei and was previously classified variously as Pfeifferella, Loefflerella, Malleomyces or Actinobacillus).
		Glanders is a bacterial disease of perissodactyls or odd-toed ungulates with zoonotic potential that has been known since ancient times, and that is caused by infection with the bacterium Burkholderia mallei (the name recently changed from Pseudomonas mallei (25) and was previously classified variously as Pfeifferella, Loefflerella, Malleomyces or Actinobacillus).
		Glanders in the acute form occurs most frequently in donkeys and mules, which run a high fever and exhibit respiratory signs (swollen nostrils, dyspnoea, and pneumonia); death occurs within a few days.
	www.oie.int /eng/normes/mmanual/A_00086.htm (3801 words)

	Glanders and Melioidosis Backgrounder
		Glanders is caused by Burkholderia mallei, a Gram-negative, aerobic (requires oxygen), nonspore-forming, and nonencapsulated bacillus (rod-shaped bacterium).
		High fever, yellow-green or bloody nasal discharge, coughing, lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes), swelling of the mucous membranes of the nasal passages, and formation of ulcerative nodules in the nasal mucosa are observed.
		Chronic human glanders may result in the development of ulcerated and purulent nodules in the joints and muscles.
	www.avma.org /reference/backgrounders/glanders_melioidosis_bgnd.asp (1958 words)

	Glanders
		Glanders is primarily a disease affecting horses, but it also affects donkeys and mules and can be naturally contracted by goats, dogs, and cats.
		The symptoms of glanders depend upon the route of infection with the organism.
		In countries where glanders is found in animals, prevention of the disease in humans involves identification and elimination of the infection in the animal population.
	www.health.state.ny.us /diseases/communicable/glanders/fact_sheet.htm (479 words)

	Glanders caused by Burkholderia mallei
		Glanders caused by Burkholderia mallei is one of the oldest documented plagues of solipedes.
		An outbreak of glanders was recorded in 13 of 18 horses maintained by Faisalabad Metropolis Mounted Police in February 1999.
		The clinical signs registered in different combinations were fever, decreased appetite, dyspnoea, occasional cough, enlarged and tortuous submandibular lymph nodes, purulent nasal discharge, epistaxis, nasal septum ulcers, nodules and crater-like ulcers on different parts of the body, cording of lymphatics of hind limbs and ventral abdomen, and orchitis.
	horseproducts.stablemade.com /news/glanders_caused.htm (544 words)

	Glanders
		Glanders (also known as Farcy or Equinia) is a usually fatal disease of equines caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas mallei (Actinobacellus or Malleomyces mallei).
		vaccine Glanders is a disease that primarily affects horses, mules...
		Glanders January, 1998 Speaking at the Eighth International Conference on Equine Infectious Diseases, R.D. Verma described glanders as a fatal infectious disease caused by Pseudomonas mallei that.....
	www.health-nexus.com /glanders.htm (236 words)

	What you should know about glanders
		Glanders is an infectious disease that is caused by the bacterium Burkholderia mallei.
		Glanders primarily affects horses, donkeys and mules although other animals such as goats, dogs, and cats can be infected.
		In countries where glanders is found in animals, the disease can be prevented in humans by identifying and eliminating the infection in the animal population.
	www.doh.wa.gov /phepr/generalfactsheets/glanders.htm (597 words)

	Bioterrorism and Me: Diseases: Glanders
		Glanders is considered to be an attractive disease for biological warfare and terrorism because only a few organisms are required to cause disease and because the death rate among humans is high.
		Although rare and sporadic, human transmission of glanders in its natural form occurs in individuals with close and frequent contact with infected animals, such as veterinarians, animal caretakers, and laboratory personnel.
		In countries where glanders is common in animals, the only prevention methods available are identification and elimination of the infection in animal populations.
	www.indiana.edu /~pirt/bioterrorism/diseases-glanders.html (763 words)

	Glanders definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms easily defined on MedTerms
		Glanders: A bacterial infection that causes a chronic debilitating disease of equids (horses, mules, and donkeys) as well as some members of the cat family and is transmissible to people.
		Glanders attacks the mucous membranes of the nostrils, producing increased secretion and discharge of mucus, and enlargement and induration of the lymph glands of the lower jaw.
		Glanders occurs in central and southeast Asia, the Middle East, parts of Africa, and possibly South America.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=13712 (350 words)

	Glanders
		Glanders is a disease caused by bacteria called Burkholderia mallei.
		Glanders is a rare disease in the U.S., but it still occurs in other parts of the world such as Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Central and South America.
		The glanders bacteria are considered possible bioterrorism agents because they can be made into aerosols that are easy to spread and, if breathed in, could cause severe disease.
	www.vdh.virginia.gov /EPR/Agents/BiologicalAgents/Agents_Biological_Glanders.htm (372 words)

	Civil War Quartermaster's Glanders Stable--Old City Cemetery, Lynchburg, Virginia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The "baneful scourge," glanders, was ravaging the horses and mules and affected humans as well.
		The researchers' results and recommendations were published in 1864 in a pamphlet, Glanders and Farcy in Horses, which was distributed by the Confederate authorities to all of its facilities for quartering horses and mules.
		It was concluded that this glanders disease, which caused major respiratory distress and death, was caused by "a virus" and was spread at watering troughs and in unhealthy crowded stable conditions where animals were prone to nuzzle.
	www.gravegarden.org /glanders.htm (548 words)

	Department of Agriculture \| Glanders
		Glanders is seen in some Middle Eastern countries, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, parts of China and Mongolia, and Africa.
		The septicemic form of glanders has a high mortality rate in humans: the case fatality rate is 95% in untreated cases and more than 50% when the infection is treated.
		Glanders can spread widely when large numbers of animals are in close contact; in China, 30% of horses were infected when large numbers of animals were gathered together in World War II.
	www.state.nj.us /agriculture/divisions/ah/diseases/glanders.html (1691 words)

	eMedicine - CBRNE - Glanders and Melioidosis : Article by Paul P Rega, MD (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Glanders and melioidosis are of interest because of significant study for potential weaponization by the US and other countries in the past.
		Occurrence of glanders in the absence of animal attack, occupational exposure, and/or in an epidemic is presumptive evidence of a BW attack.
		In countries where glanders is endemic in animals, identification and elimination of the disease in the animal population prevents disease in humans.
	emedicine.com /emerg/topic884.htm (2524 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Glanders
		Glanders (Latin: Malleus German: Rotz) is an infectious disease that occurs primarily in horses, mules, and donkeys.
		Symptoms of glanders include the formation of nodular lesions in the lungs and ulceration of the mucous membranes in the upper respiratory tract.
		Glanders is endemic in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Central and South America.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Glanders (288 words)

	Glanders - Talk Medical
		Glanders: A bacterial infection that causes a chronic debilitating disease of equids (horses, mules, and donkeys) as well as some members of the cat family and is transmissible to people.
		Glanders attacks the mucous membranes of the nostrils, producing increased secretion and discharge of mucus, and enlargement and induration of the lymph glands of the lower jaw.
		Glanders occurs in central and southeast Asia, the Middle East, parts of Africa, and possibly South America.
	www.talkmedical.com /medical-dictionary/6209/Glanders (274 words)

	Welcome to Online Products (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Glanders is suggested as the cause of the sixth plague of Egypt, as described in the Bible.
		In 1882, the causative agent Burkholderia mallei was isolated from the liver and spleen of a glanderous horse by Loeffler and Schutz in Germany.
		Factors that eliminated glanders in the Western world were the development of an effective skin test and a process of identification and slaughter of infected animals.
	neurosci.humanapress.com /index.php?option=com_opbookdetails&task=chapterdetails&category=neuroscinow&chapter_code=1-59259-764-5:209 (432 words)

	CzMA J.E.P. - Article
		Glanders (malleus), attacking equids and transmissible to humans, does not occur in our geographical area ony more, but world-wide eradication has not yet been achieved.
		The continual interest of microbiologists in the causative agents indicates tkat glanders cannot be regarded as a closed historie episode.
		Topical problems of glanders include the development of a vaccine and antibiotic therapy tested in experimentally infected subjects.
	www.clsjep.cz /Ukazclanek2.asp?clanek=11720&jazyk=1&cislo=717 (142 words)

	FindHealthNews : News, Reviews and Articles On Glanders
		Organizers conducted an elaborate fictional scenario in which the community is exposed to an infectious disease called glanders, which is caused by the bacterium burkholderia mallei.
		Even though the symptoms of glanders have been known since the description by Hippocrates in 425 B.C., scientists have yet to develop a vaccine that is effective against this highly infectious equine disease...
		Glanders was eradicated in the United States by the 1930s.
	www.findhealthnews.com /files/Glanders.html (735 words)

	Disease Listing, Glanders, General Information \| CDC Bacterial, Mycotic Diseases
		However, it is still commonly seen among domestic animals in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Central and South America.
		Chronic infections: The chronic form of glanders involves multiple abscesses within the muscles of the arms and legs or in the spleen or liver.
		In countries where glanders is endemic in animals, prevention of the disease in humans involves identification and elimination of the infection in the animal population.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/glanders_g.htm (605 words)

	GLANDERS
		Glanders is a disease caused by the bacteria, Burkholderia mallei.
		Glanders mostly occurs in horses, mules and donkeys.
		Glanders as a weapon: As a weapon, glanders may be aerosolized and released into the air.
	www.idph.state.il.us /Bioterrorism/factsheets/glanders.htm (514 words)

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