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	Glass harmonica - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The glass harmonica, also known as glass armonica or simply armonica (derived from "armonia," the Italian word for harmony) is a type of musical instrument that uses a series of glass bowls or goblets graduated in size to produce musical tones by means of friction (instruments of this type are known as friction idiophones).
		Because its sounding portion is made of glass, the glass harmonica is a crystallophone.
		The glass armonica was re-invented by a German glassblower and musician, Gerhard B. Finkenbeiner (1930–1999) in 1984.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Glass_harmonica (1132 words)

	What is a Glass Harmonica?
		A glass harmonica, then, was a series of glass bowls tuned to particular notes, with holes drilled in their bottoms so that they could be 'strung' on a spindle.
		The glass harmonica was quickly the rage in England and Europe, with Mozart and Beethoven being among the composers to write music for it.
		The sounds produced by a glass harmonica are the same as are produced by Tibetan brass singing bowls (which are sounded by rubbing a wooden rod around the rim).
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-a-glass-harmonica.htm (597 words)

	Theremin Vox - Glass Harmonica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Modern manufacturers use transparent glass and gold for the brims of the bowls corresponding to the fl keys of a keyboard, as Rollig did in the 18th century.
		Glass harmonicas belong to the family of idiophone rubbed instruments.
		It would be interesting to know what has caused the renewal of the glass harmonica at the end of the 20th century and the passion it has aroused - maybe simply the new demands of both music specialists and interpreters in quest for authenticity.
	www.thereminvox.com /article/articleview/93 (279 words)

	The Glass Harmonica by Thomas Bloch
		Glasses filled with more or less water so as to alter the pitch of the sounds obtained by striking them with sticks were already used by the Persians, the Chinese (Shui Chan), the Japanese and the Arabs (the Tusut was mentioned in 1406).
		In the 18th century, 40% lead glass was used, The bowls were worn and tuned with an emery grind wheel.
		G. Finkenbeiner uses transparent glass - and gold for the brims of the bowls corresponding to the fl keys of a keyboard, as Rollig did in the 18th century.
	www.finkenbeiner.com /gh.html (913 words)

	Music for Glass Harmonica : Music
		Much of the music for this quirky instrument remains little known, even with the further efforts of glass harmonicist Dennis James and the glass harmonica manufacturer G. Finkenbeiner Inc. This disk provides a tasty sampling of this unearthly music which was quite popular for a short period in the late 18th and early 19th century.
		Before the invention of the glass harmonica by Ben Franklin in 1761, people played sets of glasses tuned with water-- some were even very good at this and became quite famous.
		Glass harmonicas can now be purchased through G. Finkenbeiner Inc., and Dennis James has recorded a CD on the glass harmonica ("Glass Music from Mozart´s Time").
	store.edcal.com /an/B000001KAZ.html (1180 words)

	The Art of Science: Ben Franklin's Harmonica
		Franklin's instrument, which he called a glass "armonica" after the Italian word for harmonica, is a series of glass cups on a rotating, horizontal spindle.
		Instead of tapping the glass with the utensil, wet your finger and rub it around the edge of the glass until a sound is produced.
		Try to fill separate glasses so that you are able to play a simple tune with the knife or your finger, like "Mary Had a Little Lamb." If you can tune the glasses to specific notes, mark the notes on the glasses and indicate the water level with a marker.
	www.pbs.org /safarchive/4_class/44_guides/guide_804/4484_franklin.html (1163 words)

	Retro Thing: Ben Franklin's Glass Harmonica?
		The tray of glasses in the pics doesn't look much like Franklin's spindle-based Armonica at all, although it probably does resemble the trays of "singing glasses" that were quite popular at the time.
		He did not invent the Glass Harmonica (proper name), which was/is, indeed, a bunch of tuned glasses which is played by moistening a finger and running it around the edge of each glass.
		However, I know of no case where Franklyn claimed responsibility for the glass harmonica in the form seen here: his was, as noted by Chris Randall, a set of nesting bowls on a cork-covered shaft.
	www.retrothing.com /2006/03/ben_franklins_g.html (765 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Arts \| Arts news \| Unique glass harmonica stars in new opera
		The glass harmonica, played by only a handful of people in the world, was originally scored by Gaetano Donizetti to accompany the mad scene in Lucia di Lammermoor, one of the most famous show-off soprano arias in opera.
		Even in Donizetti's day, glass harmonica players were so scarce, and the original performer was looking for such an outrageous fee, that by the second production the composer ditched him and re-scored it for a flute.
		He described the contribution of his glass harmonica as a sound that seems to come out of the air, "the sound of angels or spirits, a sound not of this earth...
	arts.guardian.co.uk /news/story/0,11711,1091742,00.html (460 words)

	The SF Site Featured Review: The Glass Harmonica
		The glass harmonica -- whose eerie, chiming, strangely penetrating sound, once heard, is not easily forgotten -- was invented by Benjamin Franklin in 1761, and briefly became popular as a concert instrument in England and Europe.
		Louise Marley uses that odd element of the harmonica's history as the jumping-off point for her new novel, The Glass Harmonica.
		Though she doesn't believe in the so-called curse of the glass harmonica, she can't help wondering if these visions have something to do with the music -- if indeed her instrument is deranging her nerves and driving her mad.
	www.sfsite.com /01a/ga95.htm (720 words)

	Louise Marley: The Glass Harmonica
		A glass harmonica is a musical instrument developed in the seventeenth century by Benjamin Franklin.
		Both play the glass harmonica and have relationships with men whose legs are damaged: the crippled child Mackie in Eilish’s case and Charlie, Erin’s paraplegic brother.
		One of the strengths of the novel is Marley's understanding of the musical sound and theory of the glass harmonica, giving a deep sense of realism to the musical portions of the novel.
	www.sfsite.com /~silverag/marley.html (594 words)

	WFMU's Beware of the Blog: The Glass Harmonica: Stairway to Madness
		To be more accurate, this guy (pictured at right) is playing a Glasharfe (or Glass Harp), the most common current incarnation of the rubbed glass instruments often referred to as Glass Harmonicas.
		The Glasharfe was popularized by Bruno Hoffman, the German virtuoso whose records rekindled interest in the Glass Harmonica (aka Armonica), and the compositions written for it from 1760-1820, when the instrument was the must-have accessory for parlors and sitting rooms.
		In it's heyday, most Glass Harmonica activity took place on a version of the instrument invented by Benjamin Franklin around 1760, in which glass plates mounted on a steel rod were rotated and then rubbed with the player's moistened finger.
	blog.wfmu.org /freeform/2005/06/stairway_to_hea.html (754 words)

	Amazon.com: The Glass Harmonica : A Novel: Books: Louise Marley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Erin's brother, the composer of much of her repertoire, is undergoing experimental sound therapy to correct a neurological disorder, and her glass harmonica may provide the key.
		Music is the key to both of their lives, and specifically what they call "glass music", the sound of the glass harmonica.
		Her novel "The Glass Harmonica", is a dazzling mix of historical fantasy with borderline cyberpunk science fiction.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0441007295?v=glance (3192 words)

	glass harmonica - 2nd harmonica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		… harmonica's history as the jumping-off point for her new novel, The Glass Harmonica.
		… E rin Rushton is a virtuosa of the rare glass harmonica, an instrument developed by … made more so by the myths surrounding the glass harmonica.
		The beautiful sound of the glass harmonica is captured on CDs featuring traditional, Christmas, and original music.
	harmonica.fastdask.info /dir3/glass-harmonica.html (517 words)

	Science Fiction Book Reviews
		But when she plays the glass harmonica, strange occurrences distract Erin from these down-to-earth concerns.
		In The Glass Harmonica, author Louise Marley makes excellent use of her experience in the world of professional music.
		By turns sobering and delightful, The Glass Harmonica is a novel that will haunt readers long after they have moved on to less complex fare.
	www.scifi.com /sfw/issue180/books2.html (569 words)

	Louise Marley--The Glass Harmonica
		The glass harmonica--whose eerie, chiming, strangely penetrating tones, once heard, are not easily forgotten--was invented by Benjamin Franklin in 1761, and briefly became popular as a concert instrument in England and Europe.
		Though she doesn't believe in the so-called curse of the glass harmonica, she can't help wondering if these visions have something to do with the music--if indeed her instrument is deranging her nerves.
		Marley handles the time-shifting deftly, and her sensitive depiction of Eilish's and Erin's shared passion for the glass harmonica makes a connection between their stories that goes beyond the obvious device of their visions of one another.
	www.sff.net /people/VictoriaStrauss/ReviewHarmonica.html (539 words)

	Glass armonica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		An instrument devised by Benjamin Franklin on the principal of vibrating wine glasses (idiophone).
		Franklin's instrument consisted of a number of glass bowls without stems which rotated in a tray of water.
		The performer gently touched the rims of the revolving glass bowls thus setting them to vibrate.
	www.music.vt.edu /musicdictionary/textg/Glassarmonica.html (80 words)

	[No title]
		Much later, in 1743, the Irishman Richard PUCKERIDGE had the idea of rubbing the edge of stemmed glasses standing on a table and more or less filled with water to alter the pitch of the sounds.
		In 1761, Benjamin FRANKLIN improved the method and finalized the Glassharmonica (Armonica de Verre, in French, or according to the country : Harmonica de verre, Glasharmonica, Glasharmonika, Glass Organ or Glass Harmonica, glassarmonica, glasharmonika, üveg-harmonika, organo de cristal, orgue de cristal, crystal organ, armonica de cristal...).
		It was generally composed of 36 to 54 blown crystal glass or quartz bowls.
	www.chez.com /thomasbloch/engGLASS.htm (437 words)

	Louise Marley, The Glass Harmonica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In The Glass Harmonica, Louise Marley blends the past and the future into a haunting historical fantasy.
		She plays the glass harmonica, the 21st-century successor to Franklin's invention.
		The centerpiece of the book is, of course, the glass harmonica, the piercing and unearthly tones of which can be heard ringing through the tale.
	www.rambles.net /marley_glassharm.html (435 words)

	Amazon.com: Glass Harmonica: Music: Ludwig van Beethoven,David August von Apell,Ludwig van Beethoven,Thomas ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The glass harmonica captured the public imagination, and in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries around four hundred compositions had been written for it, including works by Mozart, Hasse, Donizetti, Reicha, Beethoven and later Richard Strauss.
		Mozart was probably the only famous composer to take the glass harmonica seriously enough to write several fairly extended works for it though, as the contemporary pieces on this disc show, its fascination has remained powerful enough to attract some present-day players and composers.
		The glass harmonica was developed by Benjamin Franklin in the 18th century and its ethereal (and sometimes eery) tones led to its being called the 'angelic organ'.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B00005QISL?v=glance (1851 words)

	Glass Harmonica
		THE GLASS ARMONICA is an opera in two acts by Garry Eister.
		ACT TWO was composed for Sascha Reckert and the Sinfonia di vetro, an ensemble of players of instruments made of glass.
		She is distressed and sings an aria, mourning her husband and resolving not to give the glass harmonica to either Franklin or Mesmer.
	www.fix.net /~geister/glass.html (794 words)

	Donal Hinely-Glass Harmonica CDs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		the glasses to a well worn piece of plywood.
		two and a half octave range and is tuned by varying the water level in each glass.
		Traditional Scots/Irish tunes and original songs performed on the glass harmonica.
	www.donalhinely.com /GlassHarmonica.htm (309 words)

	Recycling Archive - Glass Harmonica Louise Marley: The Glass Harmonicathe Glass Harmonica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Explanations, by Thomas Bloch, of the differences between the seraphim, glass harp, verillon, glass armonica, and glass harmonica.
		The Glass Armonica / Glass Harmonica in America uring colonial times, the social lot of the native-born musician was extremely low.
		Glass Harmonica > Customer Review #2: unbelievable the music of the glass harmonica is so unusal that it is a joy to listen to.
	recycling.data-news.net /recycleCR623.htm (1094 words)

	Armonica
		There are varying opinions about the origin of musical glasses, but the concept seems to be almost as ancient as glass itself.
		A Brief History of Glass Music - This article includes a discussion of other types of glass music, as well as the glass armonica.
		As I mentioned previously, the picture of the glass armonica is courtesy of the Franklin Institute of Science Museum.
	www.geocities.com /Vienna/Strasse/7353/armonica.html (507 words)

	BiblioTravel: The Glass Harmonica
		The storylines from the two eras are connected by their main characters, both of whom play the instrument of the title, a glass harmonica.
		Eilish Eam is an impoverished girl who lives in a London slum, and she plays a set of glasses, a primitive glass harmonica, on the streets for whatever money passersby can spare.
		The parallel storyline of The Glass Harmonica is about a musician named Erin Rushton who lives in Seattle in 2018.
	www.bibliotravel.com /books.php?book=635 (637 words)

	William Zeitler - The Music and Magic of the Glass Armonica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		I'm apparently the only full-time glass armonica player on the planet.
		That is, I do not have a 'day job' nor do I perform on any other instruments for my living.
		Sign up for my free Glass Armonica Gazette (named in honor of Franklin's own newspaper the Pennsylvania Gazette).
	www.glassarmonica.com (234 words)

	freesound :: view sample :: ShrtGlassAmed1.mp3
		Three Chords of a Glass Harmonica,smooth sounding produced on a Kurzweil K2 Synthie
		This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Sampling Plus 1.0 License.
		Harp9.wav :: (0:09) :: Smokin' harmonica from Austin, Texas.
	freesound.iua.upf.edu /samplesViewSingle.php?id=7315 (141 words)

	Glass Harmonicas
		Above is pictured a c5 to c7 harmonica.
		The Glasses used to make Finkenbeiner Glass Harmonicas are made from Pure Quartz (fused silica) and contain no lead.
		Click here for sound samples of the glass harmonica.
	www.finkenbeiner.com /GLASSHARMONICA.htm (266 words)

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