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Topic: Glaucophyte

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	Glaucophyte - Wikivisual
		It is thought that the green algae (from which the higher plants evolved), red algae and glaucophytes acquired their chloroplasts from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria.
		The glaucophytes are of obvious interest to biologists studying the development of chloroplasts: if the hypothesis that primary chloroplasts had a single origin is correct, glaucophytes are closely related to both green plants and red algae, and may be similar to the original alga type from which all of these developed.
		The chloroplasts of glaucophytes, like the cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of red algae, use phycobiliproteins to capture some wavelengths of light; the green algae and higher plants have lost that pigment.
	en.wikivisual.com /index.php/Glaucophyte (271 words)

	Antartica encyclopedia : Cultural Information , Maps, Antartica politics and officials, Antartican History. Travel to ...
		Green algae are often classified with their embryophyte descendants in the green plant clade Viridiplantae (or Chlorobionta).
		Viridiplantae, together with red algae and glaucophyte algae, form the supergroup Primoplantae, also known as Archaeplastida or Plantae sensu lato.
		A growth of the green seaweed, Enteromorpha on rock substratum at the ocean shore.
	www.antarcticaiworld.com /wiki-Green_algae (574 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Plant
		The Archaeplastida are a major line of eukaryotes, comprising the land plants, green and red algae, and a small group called the glaucophytes.
		Possible classes Glaucocystis Cyanophora Gloeochaete The glaucophytes (Glaucophyta Skuja), also referred to as glaucocystophytes or glaucocystids, are a tiny group of freshwater algae.
		The glaucophytes, also referred to as glaucocystophytes or glaucocystids, are a tiny group of freshwater algae.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Plant (6854 words)

	Glaucophyte: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		The glaucophytes are a tiny group of freshwater algae.
		If the hypothesis that primary chloroplasts had a single origin is correct, glaucophytes are closely related to green plants and red algae, and may be similar to the original alga from which they developed.
		Glaucophytes have mitochondria with flat cristae, and undergo open mitosis without centrioles.
	www.encyclopedian.com /gl/Glaucophyte.html (223 words)

	Palaeos Eukarya: Plantae
		Glaucophytes are rather widely-distributed in fresh water, but are never found in large numbers in any one place.
		Glaucophytes have a motile stage with two unequal flagellae of the usual eukaryote type.
		Glaucophytes undergo open mitosis and lack centrioles associated with the centrosomes.
	www.palaeos.com /Eukarya/Units/Plantae/Plantae.html (1544 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The glaucophytes, also referred to as glaucocystophytes or glaucocystids, are a tiny group of freshwater algae.
		The glaucophytes are of obvious interest to biologists studying the development of chloroplasts: if the hypothesis that primary chloroplasts had a single origin is correct, glaucophytes are closely related to both green plants and red algae, and may be similar to the original alga type from which all of these developed.
		The chloroplasts of glaucophytes, like the cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of red algae, use phycobiliproteins to capture some wavelengths of light; the green algae and higher plants have lost that pigment.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=glaucophyte (275 words)

	Plantae - Palaeos (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Glaucophytes have a motile stage with two unequal flagella of the usual eukaryote type.
		Like the red algae, glaucophytes reserve phycobilisome carbohydrates as starch, outside the chloroplast.
		There has been a concerted effort in the semi-popular literature to avoid the word "algae," or to put it into quotation marks, because the algae are not a monophyletic group.
	www.palaeos.org /Plant (1652 words)

	Am. J. Bot. -- Keeling 91 (10): 1481 Figure 3
		Plastids are color-coded to distinguish the three primary plastid lineages (cyanobacteria and glaucophyte plastids are both blue-green, red algal plastids are red, and green algal plastids are dark green).
		At the top center, a cyano bacterium of unknown type is taken up by an ancestor of the plant supergroup, the direct descendent of which are the three primary algal lineages, glaucophytes, red algae, and green algae.
		Glaucophytes and red algae retain phycobilisomes, and glaucophytes retain the peptidoglycan wall.
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content-nw/full/91/10/1481/F3 (390 words)

	Tropical Plants: Learn about tropical plants
		These are categorically stated as land plants, green plants comprising of green algae.
		A biological name of Primoplantae comprises green plants, tropical plants, red algae and glaucophyte algae.
		Then there are other different types and categories of tropical plants that carry out photosynthesis are called plants as well, but they do not constitute a formal taxon.
	www.plantsinfo.com.au /tropical-plants.html (321 words)

	A Molecular Timeline for the Origin of Photosynthetic Eukaryotes -- Yoon et al. 21 (5): 809 -- Molecular Biology and ...
		the rbcL gene of the green and glaucophyte algae are of cyanobacterial
		the glaucophyte from the red and green algae is consistent with
		the glaucophyte to the cyanobacterial outgroup and to the remaining
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/21/5/809 (6274 words)

	MATERIALS AND METHODS (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The purpose of this analysis is to determine if the glaucophytes should be placed within the rhodophytes, the chlorophytes, or in their own group.
		Although the glaucophytes and chlorophytes share 3 derived character states, this does not place the glaucophytes as members of the chlorophytes.
		According to Figure 1, the glaucophytes are placed as a sister group to the chlorophytes.
	www.susqu.edu /students/m/mcbride/Zebras2-publish.htm (1452 words)

	glaucophyte (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The glaucophytes (Glaucophyta Skuja), also referred to as glaucocystophytes or glaucocystids, are a tiny group of freshwater algae.
		The chloroplasts of glaucophytes, like the cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of red algae, use phycobiliproteins to capture some wavelengths of light; the green algae and higher plants have lost that pigment.
		Gloeochaete Lagerheim has both motile and non-motile stages, and has a cell wall that does not appear to be composed of cellulose.
	www.backupprotector.com /wiki/?title=Glaucophyte (262 words)

	The Glaucophyta (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The glaucophytes are eukaryotes, so they possess cell organelles and a definite nucleus.
		It is clear that the glaucophyte chloroplast has much in common with cyanobacterial cells.
		It seems likely that the chloroplast of glaucophytes is close to the ancestral chloroplast in structure.
	hypnea.botany.uwc.ac.za /phylogeny/classif/glau1.htm (154 words)

	Symbiotic Origin Of Algal Plastids - Year 2 Activities
		The plastid tree was used as a surrogate for algal host evolution because of recent phylogenetic evidence supporting the vertical ancestry of the plastid in the red, green, and glaucophyte algae.
		Nodes in the plastid tree were constrained with 6 reliable fossil dates and a maximum age of 3500 million years ago (Ma) based on the earliest known eubacterial fossil.
		The split of the red and green algae is calculated to have occurred about 1500 Ma and the putative single red algal secondary endosymbiosis that gave rise to the plastid in the cryptophyte, haptophyte, and stramenopile algae (chromists) occurred about 1300 Ma.
	www.biology.uiowa.edu /debweb/html/plastids_Y2.php (2921 words)

	EUKARYA
		Cavalier-Smith (2002, 2003) interprets the Rhodophytes and Viridiplantae as sister groups while the Glaucophytes are outgroups within the Plant clade.
		On the other hand, the glaucophytes are very problematic and may simply be the last remnants of a once diverse group.
		In this system, the glaucophytes are given uncertain status within the Rhodophytae.
	comenius.susqu.edu /BI/202/DOMAINS/SUPERGROUP-PLANTA.htm (502 words)

	Diversity and evolutionary history of plastids and their hosts -- Keeling 91 (10): 1481 -- American Journal of Botany
		The primary plastid is bounded by two membranes derived from the inner and outer membranes of the cyanobacterium.
		The presumed phagosomal membrane is lost, as is the peptidoglycan wall (except in glaucophyte algae).
		A primary alga (either a red or green alga) is eaten but not digested by a second eukaryote (C).
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/91/10/1481 (7251 words)

	Amazon.com: Glaucophyte: Books (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Within the chloroplasts studied, one (of the glaucophyte Cyanophora) resembles the Cyanophyta, having equidistant single thylakoids with phycobilisomes,...
		The green and red algae, plus one other group (the glaucophytes), are primary endosymbionts, in that they arose from a single...
		2 Glycolate oxidase occurs in the glaucophytes, red algae, brown algae, the Charophyceae in the green algae...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Glaucophyte&tag=httpexplaguid-20&index=books&link_code=qs&page=1 (883 words)

	Archaeplastida - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Archaeplastida are a major line of eukaryotes, comprising the land plants, green and red algae, and a small group called the glaucophytes.
		The green algae and land plants (Viridiplantae) are pigmented with chlorophylls a and b but lack phycobiliproteins.
		The positions of the glaucophytes are uncertain; they have the typical cyanobacterial pigments, and are unusual in retaining a cell wall within the plastids (called cyanelles).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Archaeplastida (306 words)

	Invasion of the Coastal Environment & Origin of Multicellurity (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The cell structure suggests this is a distinct lineage and presently its phylogenetic position must be consider problematical although a number of molecular studies have placed Glaucophytes as a lineage basal to the Rhodophytes-green algal- Land Plant clade (Fig.
		The Glaucophytes have been described above and the Rhodophytes, the Red Algae seaweeds will be considered in the section on seaweeds below, as will several groups of green algae.
		Embryophytes (land plants) and members of the former green algae form a single lineage although the basal branching and relationship of Prasinophyceans is somewhat uncertain (dashed lines and question marks).
	www.bio.ilstu.edu /armstrong/syllabi/222book/chapt4.htm (17259 words)

	WHOI : People : Jeremiah Hackett : Publications (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Nodes in the plastid tree were constrained with six reliable fossil dates and a maximum age of 3,500 MYA based on the earliest known eubacterial fossil.
		Our analyses support an ancient (late Paleoproterozoic) origin of photosynthetic eukaryotes with the primary endosymbiosis that gave rise to the first alga having occurred after the split of the Plantae (i.e., red, green, and glaucophyte algae plus land plants) from the opisthokonts sometime before 1,558 MYA.
		The split of the red and green algae is calculated to have occurred about 1,500 MYA, and the putative single red algal secondary endosymbiosis that gave rise to the plastid in the cryptophyte, haptophyte, and stramenopile algae (chromists) occurred about 1,300 MYA.
	www.whoi.edu /hpb/viewPage.do?id=3433&cl=7 (409 words)

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