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Topic: Glaucous Gull

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Iceland Gull

Caspian gull

Mediterranean Gull

Little Gull

Herring Gull

Common Gull

Kittiwake

Sternidae

	Gulls: Wildlife Notebook Series - Alaska Department of Fish and Game
		Glaucous gulls breed along the coast of western and northern Alaska from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta to Demarcation Point on the Canada border and on several islands in the Bering Sea.
		The center of abundance of glaucous gulls in Alaska is the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta and the east side of the Bering Strait.
		Glaucous gulls nest in colonies on sea cliffs as well as in isolated pairs on tundra ponds.
	www.adfg.state.ak.us /pubs/notebook/bird/gulls.php (1195 words)

	Effects Programme - Top predators - Glaucous Gull - NP
		In glaucous gull chicks the mitogen-induced response of circulating blood lymphocytes to PHA and LPS was increased in the exposed group when compared to the control group.
		In vitro exposure of lymphocytes from glaucous gull chicks to the PCB congeners 99, 126, 153, and 156 indicate that the response to the in vitro exposure vary.
		The glaucous gull chicks in the experimental group received the same amount of pollutants that a naturally existing population of glaucous gull in the Svalbard area receives.
	www.npolar.no /transeff/Effects/Glaucous_Gull/Gull-NP.htm (3605 words)

	Glaucous Gull
		Glaucous Gulls are regular winter visitors to the West Midlands Region and are anticipated every winter by gull-watchers at the larger roosts, particularly Belvide, Blithfield and Chasewater in Staffordshire and Draycote Water in Warwickshire.
		An earlier analysis of the status of Glaucous and Iceland Gull in the region was published in British Birds in 1976 (Dean and Dean, 1976).
		Factors such as the observation of gulls at (a) day-time feeding sites such as refuse tips, and (b) evening roost sites at lakes and reservoirs, inevitably introduce some duplication of sightings of individual gulls, and some adjustment for these factors has been made in the analyses.
	www.deanar.btinternet.co.uk /wmgulls/GG/glaugull.htm (457 words)

	Glaucous Gull at Jordan Lake, Chatham Co., NC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Glaucous Gull at Jordan Lake, Chatham Co., NC Glaucous Gull (Larus hyperboreus) at Jordan Lake, Chatham Co., NC This Herring Gull-sized bird was found off the Farrington Road bridge on 2/15/2004 by Haven Wiley and his avian biology class from UNC.
		Though initially identified as an Iceland Gull, with closer study the consensus is that it's a Glaucous.
		Features that point to this being a Glaucous include the length and depth of the bill, the relatively short projection of the wing tips past the tail, and the large head relative to the eye.
	www.duke.edu /~cwcook/pix/glaucousgull.html (163 words)

	Iceland Gull - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Iceland Gull, Larus glaucoides, is a large gull which breeds in the arctic regions of Canada and Greenland, but not Iceland, where it is only seen in the winter.
		It is much scarcer in Europe than the similar Glaucous Gull.
		This is a fairly large gull, very pale in all plumages, with no fl in the wings or tail.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iceland_Gull (285 words)

	Glaucous gull - The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It is bigger than a herring gull and bulkier, with a fiercer expression, than the smaller but similar Iceland gull.
		Arctic coastal cliffs and islands, and freshwater lagoons and lakes near the coast.
		Glaucous gull in winter plumage on shingle shore - Chris Gomersall (rspb-images.com, Ref: 1614024_00012_002)
	www.rspb.org.uk /birds/guide/g/glaucousgull/index.asp (209 words)

	BirdWeb - Bird Details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Identification of these gulls can be confusing, thus an advanced field guide and assistance from an experienced observer are highly beneficial for descriptions of hybrids and identification of gulls.
		Glaucous-winged Gulls are commonly found in bays and estuaries, and on beaches and rocky shorelines.
		Glaucous-winged Gulls breed all along the coast of Washington (and less commonly in eastern Washington) in monogamous pairs that typically last for multiple breeding seasons.
	www.birdweb.org /birdweb/bird_details.aspx?id=206 (741 words)

	BirdWeb - Bird Details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The adult Western Gull has a deep gray back and wings, with fl wing-tips that blend into the rest of the wing, unlike many species where the fl is clearly defined.
		The Western Gull is limited in distribution with a smaller population size than most other North American gulls, with a total population of only 40,000 pairs worldwide, limited to about 200 colonies.
		Others claim that the Western Gull is one of the most limited North American Gulls in range and population numbers, and may become a species of concern if the current practice of management decisions favoring other species over Western Gulls continues.
	www.birdweb.org /birdweb/bird_details.aspx?id=205 (701 words)

	Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project Colonies Sampled
		Contaminant data obtained from glaucous gull eggs collected at Kotzebue during a recent unrelated study will be compared with STAMP baseline information.
		(Glaucous gull eggs are also scheduled to be collected from this nesting location in 2004).
		Gull Island: 15 common murre eggs, 12 clutches of fl-legged kittiwake eggs, and 12 clutches of glaucous-winged gull eggs will be collected at Gull Island.
	www.absc.usgs.gov /research/ammtap/colonies.htm (2574 words)

	Gull intro
		Gulls are among the most common birds seen along our coast.
		To learn to identify gulls you need to know: (1) what species to expect and when, (2) how to determine the age of a gull, (3) and what features to focus on for gulls of different ages.
		Hybrid gulls, which are readily seen in some areas, are not addressed.
	www.santacruzbirdclub.org /gullint.html (957 words)

	REVIEWS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Glaucous Gulls formed pairs "mainly on the territories," Kumlien's and Thayer's gulls "on the ice near the colony site," Herring Gulls "both on and near the incipient territories" (p.
		Permitting the gulls to eat the meat quietly was important; had the birds been disturbed while feeding, or immediately thereafter, they might have flown up to the nesting ledges, collapsed, and fallen to the rocks below, killing or badly injuring themselves.
		So very sensitive did the gulls appear to be to alteration of eyelid color that when the eyelids of 17 mated female Glaucous Gulls were cha.nged from yellow to orange, 4 of the 17 pairs broke up (p.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Auk/v085n01/p0142-p0154.html (13759 words)

	Larus hyperboreus / Glaucous Gull / Vittrut / Gråmåge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Glaucous Gulls are not very commonly seen birds here anyway, but for some reason this individual for a couple of years now has returned to Skagen, a fishing hotspot at the top of peninsula, Jutland.
		And its grown a habit of visitting the bird-feedingtables in the town, preferably on Skagavej near a wellknown supermarket, which by the way is not to close to the harbour.
		Glaucous Gulls breeds on Iceland, in Greenland, in Canada, on Spitsbergen and in northern Russia, from where this bird must be expected to come, preferring neighbourhood of settlements, and colonies of Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis, Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla, and auks (Alcidae).
	www.birds-of-denmark.dk /graamaage_larus_hyperboreus.htm (201 words)

	Articles - Gull (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Most gulls, particularly Larus species, are ground nesting omnivores, which will take live food or scavenge opportunistically.
		Apart from the kittiwakes, gulls are typically coastal or inland species, rarely venturing far out to sea.
		Gulls â€” the larger species in particular, are resourceful and highly-intelligent birds, demonstrating complex methods of communication and a highly-developed social structure.
	www.bird-center.net /articles/Gull (318 words)

	Effects Programme - Top predators - Glaucous Gull - Akvaplan-NIVA
		The glaucous gull is the most important avian predator in the Arctic ecosystem and due to its high trophic levels, it is particularly vulnerable towards contaminant exposure.
		Comprehensive studies on both phase I and phase II enzyme acivity in glaucous gull is therefore necessary to evaluate the total metabolic capacities of this species, and to aquire a better understanding of the fate and potential toxicity of environmental pollutants in Arctic seabirds.
		Samples of glaucous gull liver were collected during a field expedition to Longyearbyen (Spitsbergen) in September 1998.
	www.npolar.no /transeff/Effects/Glaucous_Gull/Gull-Akvaplan.htm (1614 words)

	Bird of the month: Glaucous Gull (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Causing this shift in awareness to follow a bit of a rocky course is the apprehension nearly everyone feels at attempting to ID large gulls.
		Glaucous Gulls are northern-nesting birds—the species name “hyperboreus” means ‘beyond the north wind’—which have a circumpolar breeding range.
		A few are by some margin the biggest gull in the flock, others might ‘tie’ for size, while still others may be only the bulk of a Western Gull.
	www.northcoast.com /~rras/artjan03b.htm (448 words)

	Mystery Gull at Huron, Erie County, Ohio 01/29/2002
		Given it's size (slightly smaller than most [but not all] herring gulls) and the extreme variability of the sexual dimorphism in glaucous-winged gulls, I'd guess this individual to be a female.
		CALIFORNIA GULL: Although mantle coloration and dark eye both fit, california gull also has fl primaries (upperwing) and the mirror patterns in the outer primaries is inconsistent with the Huron gull.
		Finally, I believe that this bird is either a good glaucous-winged gull or at the very least, a glaucous-winged gull x herring gull hybrid which approaches all the characteristics of the glaucous-winged gull.
	members.isp01.net /hawkowl/HuronGull.html (1753 words)

	Gull page v2
		Gulls are, however, often very easy to photograph and I have taken hundreds of close-up shots to document changing plumages, and to use in classes and lectures.
		Hailman, J.P. Cliff-nesting adaptations of the Galapagos Swallow-tailed Gull.
		Breeding behavior of the Swallow-tailed Gull of the Galapagos.
	montereybay.com /creagrus/gulls.html (1684 words)

	Glaucous-winged Gull Winter Adult
		Glaucous-Winged Gull (Winter Adult): This gull is resident from the Aleutians and the western and southern coasts of Alaska south to northwestern Washington.
		Glaucous-Winged Gull (Winter Adult): Two or three light olive-brown eggs, with dark speckles, are laid in a grass or seaweed nest placed in a depression on remote islets or headlands.
		Glaucous-Winged Gull (Winter Adult): Similar to this gull is the Glaucous Gull, which is larger and has a lighter mantle and lighter eyes.
	identify.whatbird.com /obj/140/_/Glaucous-winged_Gull_Winter_Adult.aspx (876 words)

	B-Mail(sm): ID-FRONTIERS for December 9-15, 2001
		The Herring Gulls are presently lumped in with all the Herring Gulls breeding in North America (smithsonianus), but compared to the breeding Herring Gulls of Atlantic Canada that I am most familiar with, they are a smaller, more lightly built with distinctly more fl in the primary tips and perhaps darker upper parts.
		Inuvik Glaucous Gulls, and perhaps the hybrids, winter mainly north of the west coast birding population so are not often encountered.
		Perhaps a significant number of the Icelandic hybrid Herring x Glaucous gull population migrate to mainland Europe in the winter, and maybe on a schedule unrelated to Iceland Gulls and Glaucous Gulls.
	www.virtualbirder.com /bmail/idfrontiers/200112/w2 (4100 words)

	August 2000 Mystery Birds
		The birds are a Glaucous Gull and Violet-green Swallow.
		The gull was photographed at Nome, Alaska, 29 June 2000 and the swallow photographed in Cupertino, Santa Clara County, California, 20 May 2000.
		Glaucous-winged Gulls normally show wingtips which are about the same color as the mantle or slightly darker, even in summer and even in subadult plumages.
	fog.ccsf.edu /~jmorlan/aug00.htm (744 words)

	Nelson's Gull Images (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The tertials are markedly paler than the primaries, though this is not all that unusual in second-year smithsonianus and is not nearly as reliable a field mark at this age as it is in first-basic.
		A first-basic Glaucous Gull at the Manchester Landfill in January 1999.
		A near adult (fourth-basic?) Glaucous Gull photographed at the Manchester Landfill in December 1999.
	www.ctbirding.org /nelson's_gull_images.htm (798 words)

	Gull mystery SCZ page
		Those believing that there were some acceptable summer records of Glaucous Gulls pointed to a specimen cited by Grinnell and Miller (1994) from Santa Cruz, taken on 14 June 1938 and said to be #87919 at the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, U.S. Berkeley.
		Streator had stated it was hyperboreus (Glaucous Gull) but his mistake had been previously noticed and the specimen reidentified sometime later by "D.J." who also wrote in pencil that the bird was glaucescens and in "2nd year" plumage.
		It was a worn first-year Glaucous-winged Gull, and thus there are no photo or specimen-backed records of Glaucous Gull anywhere on Monterey Bay in June, July, or August.
	montereybay.com /creagrus/SCZgullmys.html (1025 words)

	Glaucous Gull or Burgomaster
		I found this species on the coast of Labrador in very small numbers, all paired, in the month of July; but our endeavours to discover their nests were unavailing, and their shyness, which surpassed even that of the Great Black-backed Gull, prevented us from seeing much of their habits.
		The eggs of this Gull are pale purplish-grey, with scattered spots of umber-brown, and subdued lavender-purple."
		The general colour of the plumage is very pale yellowish-brown; the feathers of the back with a large dusky spot towards the end; the quills and tail-feathers barred with the same.
	www.audubon.org /bird/BoA/F42_G3l.html (625 words)

	B-Mail(sm): ID-FRONTIERS for January 9-15, 2005
		Last winter I posted a series of photos of gulls from the Central California Coast along with labels of what I thought they were: http://community.webshots.com/album/104073794uAYlcq The first three are of a bird I was struggling to turn into a Kumlein's, but couldn't quite get there.
		The "Apparent Glaucous" is the same bird that Luke Cole brought our attention to in an earlier message: http://listserv.arizona.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0501a&L=birdwg01&T=0&F=&S=&P=3370 Additional photos of the bird during it's first winter are at: http://fog.ccsf.edu/~jmorlan/glgux.htm and also here: http://www.badboybirding.com/GLGUxGWGU_12312002.htm....with discussion by Stephen Davies suggesting that the bird might be Glaucous X Glaucous-winged.
		Certainly some larophiles have suspected a component of the glaucous gulls in Japan are barrovianus but this has not made it into the literature, even the popular gull literature.
	www.virtualbirder.com /bmail/idfrontiers/200501/w2 (7435 words)

	untitled
		A large north Asian gull, which is in fact the only large dark-backed gull in its breeding ranges, although obviously the O'ahu gull is neither an adult nor in its breeding range and so this is no help in the identification.
		Slaty-backed Gull seems the most-likely candidate, however there is a strong likelihood of it being a hybrid individual, and these by their very nature possess a wide range of plumage variation, many of which are undescribed and not fully understood.
		The nest was 2 m from a Glaucous Gull nest, within a group of about 10 Glaucous Gull nests which comprised the eastern-most nesting cluster on the island.
	www.birdinghawaii.co.uk /XOahuGullArticle2.htm (3483 words)

	::Photo Gallery:: picofmonthApril00
		Like most large gull species, glaucous-winged gulls are famously omnivorous birds, eating everything from live starfish, urchins, and anemones in the intertidal, to discarded fish scraps at sea, to trash at coastal landfills, to the contents of neighboring nests of their own species.
		On Middleton Island in the Gulf of Alaska, glaucous-winged gull populations have undergone exponential increase since the 1970’s, resulting in increased predation on neighboring species of seabirds.
		ABSC researchers working on Middleton have recently implanted satellite transmitters into breeding glaucous-winged gulls, in part to test the hypothesis that the increasing availability of garbage dumps in the coastal areas of British Columbia and Washington favored by wintering gulls could be behind the population increase.
	www.absc.usgs.gov /research/seabird_foragefish/photogallery/Picture_of_Month/Dec01-GWGU/glaucous_winged_gull.htm (429 words)

	Glaucous Gull (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Vancouver, WA These photos were taking in the Safeway parking lot at the corner of Mill Plain and 136th Ave.
		The immature gull was discovered by Mark Miller on Friday, Jan. 31, 2003 at the Wy East Junior High on 136th just south of the Safeway.
		It was on the lawn with many other gulls.
	home.pacifier.com /~birder/gull.html (55 words)

	Sighting Record for Utah
		This was a large, bulky gull with a large flat forehead.
		Even though this is a darker brown gull than other glaucuos-winged I have seen (There is variability in color among juvenile/1st winter birds) it is still uniform color, shape, and specific characterisitcs of a Glaucous-winged gull.
		While the gull described and photographed fits very closely the description of glaucous-winged gull it may in fact not be a pure bird because of hybridization and or backcrossing from the distant past.
	www.utahbirds.org /RecCom/2001/2001_03.htm (338 words)

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