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Topic: Globular Cluster M12

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	Messier Object 12
		M12 is nearly a twin of its apparent neighbor, M10, and is only slightly larger and an idea fainter.
		M12 is one of Charles Messier's original discoveries, found on May 30, 1764.
		Globular cluster M12 is easily found either 2 deg N and 2 deg W of M10, or 2 deg N and 8.5 deg E from Delta Ophiuchi.
	www.seds.org /messier/m/m012.html (263 words)

	Star Clusters - Globular
		Globular clusters are not formed within the galaxy structure, but usually large numbers of them form a halo around the main galactic structure.
		Globular clusters usually require a larger telescope and higher magnification to observe to best effect, although the larger and closer ones can be spectacular in small instruments.
		Stellar concentration is average for a globular cluster and it is one of the metal-richest globulars.
	www.paulandliz.org /Star_Clusters/Globulars.htm (1802 words)

	Globular Star Clusters - Information and Observations
		Globular clusters are the senior citizens of our galaxy - they contain suns at least 12 billion years old.
		Summer nights are the best time to start hunting for globular clusters, almost one third of them are to be found in the summer constellation of Sagittarius.
		For your first observation of a globular cluster choose M13, the brightest cluster visible from the northern sky, teetering on the edge of naked-eye visibility and appearing as a small, hazy glow in binoculars.
	www.nightskyinfo.com /globular_clusters (661 words)

	Globular Clusters Blog
		We present new velocities for 62 globular clusters in M104 (NGC 4594, the Sombrero Galaxy), 56 from 2dF on the AAT and 6 from Hydra on WIYN.
		The cluster velocity dispersion is ~230 km/s within several arcmin of the galaxy center, and drops to ~150 km/s at ~10 arcmin radius.
		More globular cluster velocities at larger radii are needed to further study the low rotation in the globular cluster system, and to see if the dark matter halo in M104 extends beyond a radius of 30 kpc.
	globularclusters.wordpress.com (1563 words)

	Sea and Sky's Astronomy Resources: Messier Objects M11 - M20
		M15 is a globular cluster of stars in the constellation Pegasus.
		This cluster is 40,000 light years distant, and with a visual magnitude of 6.2, is a beautiful sight in binoculars and telescopes alike.
		This is a relatively bright globular cluster, and is easily identifiable with binoculars.
	www.seasky.org /astronomy/astronomy_messier_11to20.html (848 words)

	Globular Star Clusters
		Globular clusters are gravitationally bound concentrations of approximately ten thousand to one million stars, spread over a volume of several tens to about 200 light years in diameter.
		Globular clusters typically contain a number of variable stars, in particular RR Lyrae stars which were once called "Cluster Variables" because of their abundance in globulars.
		It is perhaps a bit surprising that almost all globular clusters seem to be of about the same age; there seems to be a physical reason that they all formed in a short period of time in the history of the universe, and this period was apparently long ago when the galaxies were young.
	www.seds.org /messier/glob.html (2112 words)

	Globular Clusters
		Thus as we look toward the central regions of the galaxy in the summer many more globular clusters are apparent than in the winter when night skies direct our gaze away from the center toward the outer reaches of the Milky Way.
		Not surprisingly, the Messier globular clusters tend to be the brightest ones which can be seen from northern latitudes.
		According to the figures in Deep Sky 2.0, this is the sixth brightest globular cluster in the sky.
	home.insightbb.com /~lasweb/lessons/globular.htm (1554 words)

	[No title]
		The actual diameter of this cluster is about 30 light years and has many young blue stars of spectral class A and B. This image was made with an 8 inch f/4 newtonian and a ST237 CCD on 10-01-01 from Houston Texas.
		At 7th magnitude, m10 is an intresting globular in the constellation Ophiuchus.
		The globular has a core diameter of 2 arc minutes and has a total magnitude 10.9 This image of NGC 2419 is an MRGB of 10 minutes red, 20 minutes green and 30 minutes blue.
	www.ghg.net /egrafton/milkway.htm (2609 words)

	Globular clusters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Globular clusters are particularly useful for studying stellar evolution, since all of the stars in the cluster have the same age (about 15 billion years), but cover a range of stellar masses.
		M14 is a small sized globular cluster, easternmost in three globulars with Messier's number (M10, M12 and M14) in a pentagon of Ophiuchus.
		The cluster has a real size of about 55 light years and a distance of 23 thousand light years.
	www.home.xtra.co.nz /hosts/inspirationalwritings/Globular_clusters.html (254 words)

	M12 Globular Star Cluster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The globular star cluster M12 in Ophiuchus is a fairly bright magnitude 6.1 star cluster that is about 16 arc-minutes in diameter.
		M12 orbits the Milky Way galaxy in an eliptical orbit in which it periodically passes through the plane of the galaxy near the central core.
		M12 was discovered by Messier in May 1764, and his crude telescope did not resolve it into stars.
	members.cox.net /~sidleach/m12.htm (301 words)

	ADS (text="CLUSTERS" "GLOBULAR")
		We present measurements of ages, metallicities and [α/Fe] ratios for 16 globular clusters (GCs) in NGC 147, 185 and 205 and of the central regions of the diffuse galaxy light in NGC 185 and 205.
		The RGB parameters of the observed metal-poor bulge and halo clusters are consistent with the previous empirical relationships between the RGB parameters and the cluster metallicity for metal-rich bulge clusters and halo clusters.
		Cluster ages and masses are estimated from broad-band colours and by fitting model SSP spectra to the observed spectra.
	feeds.feedburner.com /globularclusters (18806 words)

	Universe Today - The Case of the Stolen Stars
		This cluster is about 23,000 light-years away in the constellation of Ophiuchus, and it's known to contain about 200,000 stars.
		Globular clusters move in extended elliptical orbits that periodically take them through the densely populated regions of our Galaxy, the plane, then high above and below, in the 'halo'.
		The same team of astronomers had found in 1999, another example of a globular cluster that lost a large fraction of its original content (see ESO PR 04/99).
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/past_globular_m12.html?822006 (614 words)

	Labs for a Lambda-Dominated Universe - Globular Clusters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Globulars are found in abundance orbiting the central bulge of our galaxy in highly elliptical, eccentric, and inclined orbits.
		Globular clusters are particularly useful because each cluster is a population of stars that all formed at approximately the same time, and all lie at the same distance from us (neglecting the depth of the cluster, which is tiny compared to its distance).
		One has to measure hundreds of stars in a cluster, get their B and V magnitudes, subtract V from B to get their color indices, and then plot on an HR diagram to get their turn-off points, and estimate the age of the cluster.
	www.physics.ucsb.edu /~jatila/lambdalabs/Globulars/globular.html (1746 words)

	Globulars
		An interesting fact about globular clusters is that, regardless of the number of stars they contain, the average distance between individual stars is between 3/4 and 1-1/2 light years.
		And because most of the stars in a globular are of the same magnitude, they would appear as grains of sugar sprinkled onto a fl piece of cloth or paper.
		Most of the showplace globulars that amateur astronomers observe occupy positions in the sky that allows them to be seen between late Spring and late Fall.
	www.rocklandastronomy.com /articles/globulars.html (642 words)

	NCKAS Globular Clusters
		Globular cluster, extremely bright, very rich in stars, very gradually extremely compressed middle, stars of magnitude 11 and fainter; = M13.
		Globular cluster, bright, very large, round, gradually very much brighter middle, well resolved, stars of magnitude 10 to 15; = M10.
		Globular cluster, bright, very large, round, extremely rich in stars, very gradually much brighter middle, well resolved, stars of magnitude 15; = M14.
	www.nckas.org /globularclusters (997 words)

	M. W. Globulars
		The distant globular clusters Palomar 14 and Palomar 15
		Eridanus Cluster is a distant outer halo globular cluster found on a 60 minute Schmidt photographic plate obtained on Dec 11, 1976 taken with the ESO Schmidt telescope.
		HP1 might be a halo cluster crossing the bulge or belong to the low-metallicity tail of the bulge at a distance of 6.85 kpc from the Sun.
	home.ix.netcom.com /~bwilson2/barbarasweb/ListofGClusters.htm (2631 words)

	Observational Data for Galactic Globular Clusters
		Interpreting colour-magnitude diagrams for clusters in terms of a star's evolutionary history remains a central problem for astrophysics even 75 years after the first diagrams were constructed and their significance shown.
		In visual observation of a globular cluster, obviously if you are going to see any resolution at all, your telescope will have to show stars at least as faint as the brightest stars in the cluster.
		The cluster reported by Djorgovski as "Djorgovski 3" is identical with NGC 6540, which was previously considered to be an open cluster.
	www.ngcic.org /papers/gctext.htm (2654 words)

	M 12
		Nevertheless, it was once believed to be an intermediate type between globular and dense open clusters (like M11), as it is not very concentrated.
		At its distance of about 18,000 light years, the apparent diameter of M12 of 14.5 arc minutes corresponds to about 75 light years.
		M12 is one of Messier's original discoveries, found on May 30, 1764.
	www.messiermarathon.com /new_page_18.htm (247 words)

	M-9, globular cluster
		M9 is evidently one of the nearer globular clusters to the nucleus of our Galaxy, with a computed distance of about 7,500 light years from the Galactic Center.
		Heavy absorption to the north and west suggests that the cluster may be dimmed by at least a magnitude.
		A smaller globular cluster, NGC 6342, lies about 1.2 Degrees to the South East, while another, NGC 6356, will be found at approximately the same distance to the North East.
	www.kopernik.org /images/archive/m9.htm (297 words)

	Astronomy CD ROM I - Star Cluster Images (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae in the Infrared
		The Globular Cluster Omega Centauri in the Infrared
		Globular Cluster NGC 1916 in the Large Magellanic Cloud
	astroa.physics.metu.edu.tr /~umk/ccd_wshop_adelman/Astronom/ISCL.HTM (120 words)

	Seen'em All Club
		It really is a nice cluster and while not as glorious as M13 or M22, it does wet the appetite for globular hunting.
		The globular cluster M22 in Sagittarius was an easy target.
		After M12, I reeled in the globular cluster M14, which is also in Ophiuchus.
	www.mindspring.com /~jeffpo/seenem.htm (835 words)

	M12 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The globular cluster Messier 12 (NGC 6218) was discovered by Charles Messier in 1764, William Herschel was the first to resolve it into stars.
		The overall spectral type of this cluster is given as F7, which should make for slightly blueish stars.
		M10 and M14 are two other prominent globular clusters in Ophiuchus.
	astro.nightsky.at /Photo/GlobClu/M12_MN.html (114 words)

	M-14, globular cluster
		This is evidently a more remote cluster than M10 or M12, and the stars begin to appear in vast numbers at about magnitude 15.5.
		In 1964, the first nova ever to be photographed in a globular cluster was discovered in M-14 by Amelia Wehlau of the University of Western Ontario.
		The nova actually brightened in 1938 and was found at the later date from plates taken by Helen Sawyer Hogg between 1932 and 1963, using the 74-inch reflector of the David Dunlap Observatory and the 72-inch of the Dominican Astrophysical Observatory.
	www.kopernik.org /images/archive/m14.htm (340 words)

	DeepSkyImager Gallery :: M12 Globular Cluster
		Globular cluster M12, in the constellation Ophiuchus, is nearly a twin of M10.
		Like its twin, it does not contain a lot of variable stars.
		M12 lies at a distance of 18,000 light years from Earth and has a diameter of about 75 light years.
	www.skyinsight.net /DeepSkyImager/gallery/M12 (55 words)

	The Northern Virginia Astronomy Club - CCD Project - Images of Star Clusters
		NGC 2419, the "Intergalactic Tramp", the most distant globular cluster in the neighborhood of the Milky Way.
		M15, globular cluster in Pegasus, by Alex Lim.
		Here's NGC 6910, an open cluster in Cygnus that is useful as a check of limiting visual magnitude when looking through a telescope.
	www.novac.com /craig/star.htm (231 words)

	Observations of object "M12"
		Nice globular like its neighbour (M10) although smaller.Easily resolved with a 8.8mm UWA eyepiece(104x).The cluster gave me the impression of having an iregular shape.
		I recall seeing M12 from my suburban (and more light polluted) backyard while doing the Messier list, but here at Alpha Ridge where the skies are noticeably darker I find that it is far more beautiful than I remember.
		M12 seems to have a misty glow maybe about 5-7 arc-minutes wide, and there certainly does seem to be less of the mandatory symmetry characteristic of globulars.
	www.lies.com /aaol/view_obs.cgi?obj=m12 (370 words)

	[7.05] The Luminosity Function and Color-Magnitude Diagram of the Globular Cluster M12 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		We present wide-field (24 arcmin x 24 arcmin) BVI photometry of the globular cluster M12 (NGC 6218 = C 1644-018).
		Because the luminosity function acts as probe of the number of stars at different evolutionary states, the relative number of stars at each point can give clues to the physics involved in their evolution.
		Furthermore, we study the possibility of a subgiant excess on the luminosity function and the presence of blue stragglers in the cluster.
	www.aas.org /publications/baas/v34n4/aas201/628.htm (249 words)

	M10 Globular Star Cluster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		M10 is a 6th magnitude globular star cluster located in a region of the sky in Ophiuchus that is relatively rich in globular clusters.
		It is only about 3.4 degrees away from the nearby M12 globular cluster.
		Both of these globular clusters were discovered by Charles Messier in May 1764.
	members.cox.net /~k5xi/m10.htm (80 words)

	M12 - Globular Cluster in Ophiuchus
		M12 was once believed to be an intermediate type between a globular and a dense open cluster.
		Although it is not as concentrated as most other globular clusters we are usually familiar with, it is now generally classified as a globular.
		The apparent diameter of M12 corresponds to about 75 light years.
	www.waid-observatory.com /m012-2005-05-11.html (105 words)

	Globular cluster M12 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The globular cluster Messier 12 (NGC 6218) in Ophiuchus, shown from a 2-minute red-light exposure (through clouds) with a Tektronix 2048x2048 CCD at the 2.1-meter telescope of Kitt Peak National Observatory by Bill Keel and Lisa Frattare.
		North is at the top and east to the left, for direct comparison with a chart or eyepiece view.
		In the course of a survey for eclipsing variable stars, Kaspar von Braun and colleagues have found that the difference in reddening from place to place iwthin the cluster is measurable, and its correction is important in deriving the actual Hertzspring-Russell diagram of this cluster.
	www.astr.ua.edu /gifimages/m12r.html (144 words)

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