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Topic: Glomerulus (kidney)

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	The Glomerulus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The glomerulus is the main filter of the nephron and is located within the Bowman's capsule.
		The glomerulus is semipermeable, allowing water and soluble wastes to pass through and be excreted out of the Bowman's capsule as urine.
		The filtered blood passes out of the glomerulus into the efferent arteriole to be returned through the medullary plexus to the intralobular vein.
	coe.fgcu.edu /faculty/greenep/kidney/Glomerulus.html (142 words)

	kidney funtion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Another task of the kidneys is to maintain the body's fluid balance by regulating the amount of salt and water that is removed in the urine.
		When kidneys are disease the body adapts to the progressive loss of renal function and the patient may not be clearly aware of symptoms until the majority of the kidney tissue is no longer functioning.
		Blood enters into you kidneys through the renal arteries then through the structures known as the nephrons, which are the funtional units of your kidneys.
	www.agnesbernardino.com /flash/kidney/kidney.html (1086 words)

	Glomerulus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney.
		The resistance of the arterioles results in high pressure in the glomerulus aiding the process of ultrafiltration where fluids and soluble materials in the blood are forced out of the capillaries and into Bowman's capsule.
		Firstly, the endothelial cells of the glomerulus contain numerous pores (fenestrae) that, unlike those of other fenestrated capillaries, are not spanned by diaphragms.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Glomerulus_(kidney) (568 words)

	Kidney Disease
		Anytime the kidneys' ability to remove and regulate water and chemicals is impaired by disease or blockage, fluids and waste products accumulate, ultimately resulting in extreme swelling and symptoms of uremia (an overload of toxic byproducts) or kidney failure.
		Inflammation of the kidneys, or nephritis, is the primary characteristic of acquired kidney diseases.
		Kidney stones and scar tissue that develops as a result of infections, x-ray treatment, and surgery may also cause blockage of the urinary tract.
	www.healthsquare.com /fgpd/fg4ch18.htm (2155 words)

	About FSGS (Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis)
		If these lab tests indicate kidney damage, the doctor may recommend ultrasound or an xray to see whether the shape or size of the kidneys is abnormal.
		It may be the direct result of an infection or a drug toxic to the kidneys, or it may result from a disease that affects the entire body, like diabetes or lupus.
		Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) describes scarring in scattered regions of the kidney, typically limited to one part of the glomerulus and to a minority of glomeruli in the affected region.
	www.nephcure.org /Info_aboutfsgs.html (1792 words)

	Review of kidney function
		The kidneys are a pair of fist-sized organs located outside the peritoneal cavity on each side of the spine.
		The kidney is a highly specialized organ that maintains the internal environment of the body by selectively excreting or retaining various substances according to specific body needs.
		Prerenal failure is caused by decreased blood flow to the kidneys, as occurs with congestive heart failure.
	www.rnceus.com /renal/renalfunction.html (725 words)

	The Kidney
		You need to know about the general structure of the kidney and how it works, so let's start with a diagram to show the regions of the kidney.
		A glomerulus is a tiny ball of capillaries.
		Here is a diagram of the kidney showing a nephron broken up into six parts.
	www.purchon.com /biology/kidney.htm (1005 words)

	Article: Glomerular Diseases: NIDDK - CureResearch.com
		The two kidneys are bean-shaped organs located near the middle of the back, just below the rib cage to the left and right of the spine.
		Kidney disease is one of several problems caused by elevated levels of blood glucose, the central feature of diabetes.
		In addition to scarring the kidney, elevated glucose levels appear to increase the speed of blood flow into the kidney, putting a strain on the filtering glomeruli and raising blood pressure.
	www.cureresearch.com /artic/glomerular_diseases_niddk.htm (3716 words)

	Urinary system
		The afferent arteriole is the source of the capillaries in the Glomerulus.
		The nephron is the basic structural unit of the kidney.
		This apparatus is found near each glomerulus where the afferent and efferent arterioles lie next to a distal tubule.
	cellbio.utmb.edu /microanatomy/kidney/kidney.htm (2047 words)

	Human Physiology (IPHY 3430), University of Colorado at Boulder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The primary function of the kidney is ion/water balance and elimination of urea, a nitrogenous waste.
		Kidney is divided into the cortex and medulla 3.
		Structure of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule b.
	www.colorado.edu /kines/Class/IPHY3430-200/13urinar.html (1753 words)

	Glomerulus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The afferent arteriole that supplies the glomerulus is a branch off of an interlobular artery in the cortex.
		Fourthly, blood is carried out of the glomerulus by an efferent arteriole instead of a venule, as is observed in most other capillary systems.
		This provides tighter control over the bloodflow through the glomerulus, since arterioles can be dilated and constricted more readily than venules, owing to arterioles' larger smooth muscle layer (tunica media).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Glomerulus (568 words)

	National Kidney Foundation: A to Z Health Guide Item
		Diabetic kidney disease is a decrease in kidney function that occurs in some people who have diabetes.
		It means that your kidneys are not doing their job as well as they once did to remove waste products and excess fluid from your body.
		As kidney function decreases further, toxic wastes build up, and patients often feel sick to their stomachs and throw up, lose their appetites, have hiccups and gain weight due to fluid retention.
	www.kidney.org /atoz/atozItem.cfm?id=105 (1003 words)

	Glomerular Diseases
		Many diseases affect kidney function by attacking the glomeruli, the tiny units within the kidney where blood is cleaned.
		The Center for Glomerular Diseases at Columbia University was organized to foster the advancement and study of glomerular diseases of the kidney.
		Proteinuria is the most common symptom of FSGS, but, since proteinuria is associated with several other kidney conditions, the doctor cannot diagnose FSGS on the basis of proteinuria alone.
	aaaaq.com /kidney_urologic/glomerular_diseases (3530 words)

	Mutant gene causes severe kidney disease in infants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		There are many types and many causes of nephrotic syndrome, but basically it is a disease of the glomerulus, the kidney's main blood filtration unit.
		As blood flows through a network of tiny capillaries in the glomerulus, excess water, salts and toxic molecules are removed and flushed out in urine, while important blood proteins like albumin are retained in the bloodstream.
		Proteins leaking out from the glomerulus are excreted in urine, and body tissues retain too much water, which causes swelling around the eyes and throughout the body.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-11/uomh-mgc110206.php (1041 words)

	SIU SOM Histology CRR
		The essential tissue composition of kidney is that of a gland with highly modified secretory units and highly specialized ducts.
		The bulk of the kidney consists of highly specialized tubules, which correspond to the duct tree of a typical gland.
		The glomerulus is the conspicuous "little ball" which occupies most of the corpuscle, comprising several distinct elements.
	www.siumed.edu /~dking2/crr/rnguide.htm (4384 words)

	Kidney Disease In Dogs And Cats
		There is a slow but steady loss of kidney function as our pets age, so much so that chronic renal (kidney) failure is the leading cause of death in dogs and cats.
		Specific diseases that lead to CRF include polycystic kidney disease in which the kidneys are formed abnormally, renal hypoplasia in which the kidneys are smaller than they should be, familial glomerulonephritis of Bernese mountain dogs, hereditary nephritis of Bull Terriers and bacterial nephritis or infection of the kidneys.
		Kidney disease in cats is often the cause of elevated blood pressure or hypertension (systolic blood pressure exceeds 160 mm Hg).
	www.2ndchance.info /kidney.htm (2384 words)

	Diabetes Monitor - glomerular diseases
		One of the more common kidney problems in diabetes is sometimes called "diabetic glomerulosclerosis" and is discussed below.
		any diseases affect kidney function by attacking the glomeruli, the tiny units within the kidney where blood is cleaned.
		glomerulus (glo-MAIR-yoo-lus): The tiny cluster of looping blood vessels in the nephron, where wastes are filtered from the blood.
	www.diabetesmonitor.com /b283.htm (3922 words)

	Newswise
		Scientists at the U-M Medical School have discovered a previously unknown cause for a severe, early-onset form of kidney disease and renal failure in children: recessive mutations in a gene called phospholipase C epsilon or PLCE1.
		The study provides the first evidence that some types of a kidney disease called nephrotic syndrome, if diagnosed early in infancy, may be treated successfully in children.
		Newswise — Scientists at the University of Michigan Medical School have discovered a previously unknown cause for a severe, early-onset form of kidney disease and renal failure in children: recessive mutations in a gene called phospholipase C epsilon or PLCE1.
	www.newswise.com /articles/view/524895/?sc=rsmn (1101 words)

	Mutant Gene Causes Severe Kidney Disease In Infants - May Be Reversible, If Diagnosed Early
		Scientists at the University of Michigan Medical School have discovered a previously unknown cause for a severe, early-onset form of kidney disease and renal failure in children: recessive mutations in a gene called phospholipase C epsilon or PLCE1.
		PLCE1 is the seventh gene scientists have found to be involved in different types of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, and the second gene that is expressed in podocytes - specialized cells with octopus-like tentacles surrounding the glomerulus.
		The study was funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIH), KMD Foundation, Thrasher Research Fund, German Federal Ministry of Science and Education and the German Research Foundation.
	www.medilexicon.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=55936 (1085 words)

	UMHS Press Release: Mutant gene causes severe kidney disease in infants
		ANN ARBOR, MI – Scientists at the University of Michigan Medical School have discovered a previously unknown cause for a severe, early-onset form of kidney disease and renal failure in children: recessive mutations in a gene called phospholipase C epsilon or PLCE1.
		This is illustrated in the top picture where glomerulus of an 11 month old child appears smaller and structurally simpler than the normal developing glomerulus shown below.
		In addition, key proteins necessary for the glomerulus to function normally such as nephrin (shown in orange) are not expressed in the PLCE 1 mutated glomeruli (photo credit: Roger Wiggins, U-M Medical School)
	www.med.umich.edu /opm/newspage/2006/plce1.htm (1197 words)

	Why the kidney glomerulus does not clog: A gel permeation/diffusion hypothesis of renal function -- Smithies 100 (7): ...
		Why the kidney glomerulus does not clog: A gel permeation/diffusion hypothesis of renal function -- Smithies 100 (7): 4108 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
		Why the kidney glomerulus does not clog: A gel permeation/diffusion hypothesis of renal function
		The transport of water across the glomerulus is clearly because liquid flow is induced by hydraulic pressure; it cannot be
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/100/7/4108 (4730 words)

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