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Topic: Glossopharyngeal nerve

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Cranial nerves

Trigeminal nerve

Trochlear nerve

Facial nerve

Vestibulocochlear nerve

Abducens nerve

Hypoglossal nerve

Olfactory nerve

Accessory nerve

Vagus nerve

Mandibular nerve

Optic nerve

Medulla oblongata

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	Glossopharyngeal nerve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The glossopharyngeal nerve is the ninth of twelve cranial nerves.
		From the medulla oblongata, the glossopharyngeal nerve passes laterally across the flocculus, and leaves the skull through the central part of the jugular foramen, in a separate sheath of the dura mater, lateral to and in front of the vagus and accessory nerves.
		The gag reflex is absent in patients with damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve as it is responsible for the afferent limb of the reflex.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Glossopharyngeal_nerve (416 words)

	Glossopharyngeal Nerve (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The glossopharyngeal nerve as its name suggests is related to the tongue and the pharynx.
		The tympanic nerve is a branch that is occurs prior to exit the skull.
		The tympanic nerve exits the jugular foramen and passes by the inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion.
	www.meddean.luc.edu /lumen/meded/GrossAnatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cn9.htm (411 words)

	IX. Neurology. 5i. The Glossopharyngeal Nerve. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		It is the nerve of ordinary sensation to the mucous membrane of the pharynx, fauces, and palatine tonsil, and the nerve of taste to the posterior part of the tongue.
		From the medulla oblongata, the glossopharyngeal nerve passes lateralward across the flocculus, and leaves the skull through the central part of the jugular foramen, in a separate sheath of the dura mater, lateral to and in front of the vagus and accessory nerves (Fig.
		—The branches of distribution of the glossopharyngeal are: the tympanic, carotid, pharyngeal, muscular, tonsillar, and lingual.
	www.bartleby.com /107/204.html (1031 words)

	Imigraine.Net B. Todd Troost, M.D.
		The pain is therefore felt in the distribution of the auricular and pharyngeal branches of the vagus nerve as well as that of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
		Intracranial section of the nerve (including the rostral vagal rootlets) was introduced by Dandy (1936) since extracranial section is followed by regeneration of the nerve and return of the neuralgia.
		As in the case of trigeminal neuralgia, Jannetta (1977) considers glossopharyngeal neuralgia to be a cranial nerve hyperexcitability syndrome, often caused by vascular compression.
	imigraine.net /other/glosso.html (1415 words)

	Facial Neuralgia Resources: Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia
		Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia is described as a deep stabbing pain in one side of the throat.
		"Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is characterized by excruciating shock-like-pain in the region of the tonsilar fossa, pharynx, or base of the tongue.
		The role of the glossopharyngeal nerve in the regulation of heart rate and blood pressure is thought to be why some patients with glossopharyngeal neuralgia have profound cardiac arrhythmia's and even asystole with the attack of pain.
	facial-neuralgia.org /conditions/tn-gn.html (579 words)

	Accessory nerve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Course and distribution of the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and
		The accessory nerve (or "Spinal accessory nerve") is the eleventh of twelve cranial nerves.
		It leaves the cranium through the jugular foramen along with the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) and vagus nerve (X).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Accessory_nerve (232 words)

	Journals Present Issue Past Issues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Amongst the lower 6 cranial nerves, the glossopharyngeal nerve is the smallest in terms of nerve diameter, importance and clinical significance.
		A year later, Harris(6) coined the term “glossopharyngeal neuralgia”, describing it as a painful syndrome characterised by paroxysms of unilateral and severe lancinating pain occurring in the distribution of the nerve, and which may be elicited by stimulation of trigger points in regions supplied by the nerve.
		It is a glossopharyngeal nerve hyper-excitability syndrome caused by compression of the nerve against an elongated or fractured(21) styloid process or a calcified stylo-hyoid ligament(22).
	www.sma.org.sg /smj/4010/articles/4010ra1.htm (5409 words)

	Glossopharyngeal neuralgia
		Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is a condition that causes sudden bouts of pain in the throat and the back of the mouth and tongue.
		Glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN) is characterized by a severe lancinating pain in the posterior pharynx, tonsillar fossa, and base of the tongue.
		Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is believed to be caused by irritation of the ninth cranial nerve.
	neurology.health-cares.net /glossopharyngeal-neuralgia.php (521 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		Fibers of glossopharyngeal nerve enter and emerge at levels rostral to the rootlets of the vagus nerve, but it is easier to identify, because its fibers form a single compact nerve root whereas fibers of the vagus nerve enter and emerge from brain stem by a number of small rootlets.
		Glossopharyngeal nerve schwannoma is an infrequent tumor which may not always produce lower cranial nerve deficit and clinical presentation may mimic an acoustic neurinoma.
		Horn KL, House WF, Hitselberger WE : Schwannoma of the jugular foramen.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?ni02052 (1623 words)

	The Vagus Nerve
		The vagus nerve passes vertically down the neck within the carotid sheath, lying between the internal jugular vein and internal carotid artery as far as the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, and then between the same vein and the common carotid artery to the root of the neck.
		The Auricular Branch (ramus auricularis; nerve of Arnold) arises from the jugular ganglion, and is joined soon after its origin by a filament from the petrous ganglion of the glossopharyngeal; it passes behind the internal jugular vein, and enters the mastoid canaliculus on the lateral wall of the jugular fossa.
		The nerve on either side ascends in the groove between the trachea and esophagus, passes under the lower border of the Constrictor pharyngis inferior, and enters the larynx behind the articulation of the inferior cornu of the thyroid cartilage with the cricoid; it is distributed to all the muscles of the larynx, excepting the Cricothyreoideus.
	www.karate.butsu.net /anatomy/vagus.html (1791 words)

	Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia: Cranial Nerve Disorders: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Glossopharyngeal neuralgia consists of recurring attacks of severe pain in the back of the throat near the tonsils and back of the tongue due to malfunction of cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal nerve), which supplies the throat, tonsils, and tongue.
		Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is distinguished from trigeminal neuralgia based on the pain's location or results of a specific test.
		However, for permanent relief, surgery may be needed: The glossopharyngeal nerve is separated from the artery that is compressing it by placing a small sponge between them.
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec06/ch096/ch096g.html (452 words)

	eMedicine - Schwannoma, Cranial Nerve : Article by Mahesh Jayaraman, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		From the trochlear nucleus in the midbrain, fibers of the trochlear nerve (ie, CN IV) cross the midline dorsal to the cerebral aqueduct and exit the midbrain dorsally.
		The facial nerve enters the labyrinth (labyrinthine segment), courses anteriorly in the temporal bone to the geniculate ganglion, turns posteriorly to pass beneath the lateral semicircular canal (tympanic segment) and then inferiorly to course through the mastoid (vertical segment), and exits the temporal bone via the stylomastoid foramen.
		The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) is formed by the fusion of multiple rootlets that emerge from the ventrolateral sulcus between the medullary olive and pyramid.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic7.htm (4023 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It is situated caudal to the superior salivatory nucleus and sends parasympathetic fibres, by way of the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve which is said to be present on one side of an advanced specimen of this stage.
		At this stage, the motor roots of the glossopharyngeal have been identified, although the presence of the fibres in the inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion is doubtful.
		The inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion gives rise to the tympanic nerve which descends lateral to the internal carotid, just above the stapedial artery it is joined by a branch from the greater petrosal and the resulting branch, the small petrosal can be traced to the region of the trigeminal ganglion.
	www.ana.ed.ac.uk /database/humat/notes/embryo/nervous/cranial_nerves/ix.htm (536 words)

	Nerve, glossopharyngeal definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Nerve, glossopharyngeal: The glossopharyngeal nerve is the ninth cranial nerve.
		The 12 cranial nerves, the glossopharyngeal nerve included, emerge from or enter the skull (the cranium), as opposed to the spinal nerves which emerge from the vertebral column.
		The glossopharyngeal nerve supplies the tongue, throat, and one of the salivary glands (the parotid gland).
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=7627 (218 words)

	Injury-Induced Functional Plasticity in the Peripheral Gustatory System -- Hendricks et al. 22 (19): 8607 -- Journal of ...
		Axotomy of the chorda tympani, trigeminal, or glossopharyngeal nerves attenuates relative response magnitudes from the intact chorda tympani nerve to NaCl.
		Responses from the chorda tympani nerve in unilateral lingual branch of the trigeminal nerve-sectioned rats
		Farbman AI, Hellekant G (1978) Quantitative analyses of the fiber population in rat chorda tympani nerves and fungiform papillae.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/22/19/8607 (4521 words)

	Definitions
		nerves, that serve to conduct sensory stimuli from the olfactory organ to the
		glossopharyngeal nerve n : a mixed nerve that is either of the ninth pair of
		Tingling is an indication of damage or irritation to the nerves in that area.
	www.dickibus.co.uk /teamwork/definitions.htm (1784 words)

	Glossopharyngeal Nerve Regeneration Is Essential for the Complete Recovery of Quinine-Stimulated Oromotor Rejection ...
		Glossopharyngeal Nerve Regeneration Is Essential for the Complete Recovery of Quinine-Stimulated Oromotor Rejection Behaviors and Central Patterns of Neuronal Activity in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract in the Rat -- King et al.
		Guth L (1957) Effects of glossopharyngeal nerve transection on the circumvallate papilla of the rat.
		Travers JB, Grill HJ, Norgren R (1987) The effects of glossopharyngeal and chorda tympani nerve cuts on the ingestion and rejection of sapid stimuli: an electromyographic analysis in the rat.
	www.neuroscience.org /cgi/content/full/20/22/8426 (7100 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Glossopharyngeal neuralgia
		Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is a condition marked by repeated episodes of severe pain in the tongue, throat, ear, and tonsils, which can last from a few seconds to a few minutes.
		To determine whether a blood vessel is compressing the nerve, pictures of the brain arteries may be obtained using magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) or conventional angiography (x-rays of the arteries with a dye).
		In severe cases, when pain is difficult to treat, surgery aiming at decompressing the glossopharyngeal nerve may be required.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001636.htm (578 words)

	Glossopharyngeal Nerve Transection Does Not Alter Taste Reactivity to Sucrose Conditioned to be Aversive -- Eylam et ...
		King, C.T., Travers, S.P., Rowland, N.E., Garcea, M. and Spector, A.C. (1999a) Glossopharyngeal nerve transection eliminates quinine-stimulated Fos-like immunoreactivity in the nucleus of the solitary tract: implications for a functional topography of gustatory nerve input in rats.
		King, C.T., Garcea, M. and Spector, A.C. (1999b) Glossopharyngeal nerve regeneration re-establishes characteristic quinine-elicited gaping behavior and Fos-like immunoreactivity in the nucleus of the solitary tract (abstract).
		St John, S.J. and Spector, A.C. Behavioral discrimination between quinine and KCl is dependent on input from the seventh cranial nerve: implication for the functional roles of the gustatory nerve in rats.
	chemse.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/25/4/423 (3016 words)

	Neurovascular compression of the trigeminal and glossopharyngeal nerve: three case reports -- Childs et al. 82 (4): 311 ...
		nerve as it leaves the brain stem is responsible for the symptoms
		Because of their small size, the nerves are not visible on the scan, but were shown on contiguous axial images to be deviated around the right PICA.
		Once the diagnosis of glossopharyngeal neuralgia had been made, she was commenced on carbamezapine.
	adc.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/82/4/311 (2602 words)

	Neuroscience for Kids - Cranial Nerves
		Some of these nerves bring information from the sense organs to the brain; other cranial nerves control muscles; other cranial nerves are connected to glands or internal organs such as the heart and lungs.
		Note: the olfactory "nerve" is composed of the rootlets of olfactory hair cells in the nasal mucosa and is not visible on the ventral surface of the brain.
		To test the motor part of the nerve, tell your partner to close his or her jaws as if he or she was biting down on a piece of gum.
	faculty.washington.edu /chudler/cranial.html (785 words)

	Cranial Nerves - CNIX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve) and CNX (Vagus Nerve)
		Cranial Nerves - CNIX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve) and CNX (Vagus Nerve)
		These two nerves are combined because of their close relationship.
		A history or notation during the observation portion of the exam of dysphagia or excessive salivation may be noted.
	www.tufts.edu /vet/neurology/tutorial/027-cnix.htm (88 words)

	Cyber Tester (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		One of the cranial nerves exits the base of the skull, then sends a branch back into the skull, that branch taking part in a plexus from which arises a preganglionic nerve to a parasympathetic ganglion located inferior to the skull near the foramen ova
		C: The internal laryngeal nerve is sensory to the mucosa of all of the Larynx.
		18: The name of the nerve that carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to form the vidian nerve is the _____ nerve.
	www-medlib.med.utah.edu /kw/testfiles/cyber_tester/anatomy/anat5/anat5_96/quiz1.htm (1050 words)

	Amiloride Blocks Salt Taste Transduction of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve in Metamorphosed Salamanders -- Nagai et al. 26 ...
		Figure 4 Example of multiunit activity of the glossopharyngeal nerve response of metamorphosed Ezo salamander to 0.3-1.0 M NaCl and 0.5 M KCl in the control (A) and after the oral floor was exposed to 100 µM amiloride (B).
		Figure 1 Example of integrated glossopharyngeal nerve responses of axolotl to 0.5 and 1.0 M NaCl and 0.5 M KCl in the control (A) and after the oral floor was exposed to 100 µM amiloride (B).
		Kitada, Y. and Mitoh, Y. Amiloride does not affect the taste responses of the frog glossopharyngeal nerve and submandibular branch of the facial nerve to NaCl.
	chemse.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/26/8/965 (2957 words)

	Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia, Dr. Jho's Endoscopic MVD Surgery
		Microvascular decompression is a surgical treatment for cranial nerve disorders such as trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm, vertigo, tinnitus, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, and spasmodic torticollis.
		When blood vessels cross and compress cranial nerves, various characteristic symptoms develop depending upon which cranial nerves are compressed.
		Cranial nerve surgery is done through a small skull opening behind the ear and is referred to as retromastoid craniectomy.
	www.drjho.com /glossopharyngeal_neuralgia_surgery.htm (214 words)

	Optical Approaches to Functional Organization of Glossopharyngeal and Vagal Motor Nuclei in the Embryonic Chick ...
		nerve and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve.
		Optical signals were detected from the 2 response areas, area 1 (nucleus of the glossopharyngeal nerve; Nuc IX) and area 2 (nucleus of the tractus solitarius; NTS).
		Optical signals in hatched areas, which correspond to the nucleus of the glossopharyngeal nerve, are shown.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/88/1/383 (4865 words)

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