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	Science@Berkeley Lab: Closing in on the Elusive Glueball
		Glueballs are so named because they are composed of subatomic particles called gluons, which have the all-important job of gluing together particles called quarks, which in turn combine to form protons, neutrons, and other particles.
		Physicists are eager to experimentally verify glueballs because their existence, which to this day has only been hypothesized, is one of the key features that distinguish quantum chromodynamics from quantum electrodynamics — two theories that are used to explain the strong nuclear force and the electromagnetic force, respectively.
		He adds that the scalar glueball exhibits this decay pattern because the strong nuclear force barely changes the spin direction of very light quarks, a phenomenon that reveals itself in the scalar glueball's inclination to decay to quark-antiquark pairs of the heavier strange quark.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/sabl/2005/October/02-glueballs.html (920 words)

	Long-sought “glueball” particle may be found, physicist says
		The glueball quest is connected with a popular theory called quantum chromodynamics, which claims matter’s most basic components are tiny entities called quarks.
		But his calculations, he added, shows that when the glueball undergoes one common type of decay—into pairs of particles—those tend to consist of a particular type of quark, called the strange quark.
		The glueball quest might lead to further interesting findings about the nature of matter, Chanowitz told World Science, because glueballs are linked to poorly understood aspects of quantum chromodynamics that in turn affect the properties of other particles.
	www.world-science.net /othernews/051206_glueballfrm.htm (778 words)

	Exotic meson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Even when there is agreement that one of several states is one of these non- quark model mesons, the degree of mixing, and the precise assignment is fraught with uncertainties.
		Lattice QCD predictions for glueballs are now fairly stable, at least when virtual quarks are neglected.
		Glueballs are necessarily isoscalar, ie, have isospin I=0.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Glueball (555 words)

	.: TOUCHING CLOTH - GLUEBALL - MAIDENHEAD :.
		Glueball are on around 7.30 and this is the first time I've seen them after hearing so many good things.
		I am not quite sure what to expect from them, I have a Glueball 7" somewhere but can't remember what it was like to be honest.
		But Glueball did impress me indeed tonight and I am looking forward to my band playing some shows with them in th next couple of months, should be a riot!
	www10.brinkster.com /tczine/glueball.htm (333 words)

	Glueball - Iridis Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In particle physics, a glueball is a particle containing no valence quarks.
		Such a state is possible because gluons carry color charge and experience the strong interaction.
		Glueballs are extremely difficult to identify in particle accelerators, because they mix with ordinary meson states.
	www.iridis.com /Glueball (75 words)

	Scalar mesons in a chiral quark model with glueball
		The glueball is introduced into the effective meson Lagrangian as a dilaton on the base of scale invariance.
		The mixing of the glueball with scalar isoscalar quarkonia and amplitudes of their decays into two pseudoscalar mesons are shown to be proportional to current quark masses, vanishing in the chiral limit.
		Mass spectra of the scalar mesons and the glueball and their main modes of strong decay are described.
	www.edpsciences.org /abstract/epjA/v8/p567 (197 words)

	Bibliography
		In the present work we consider two possibilities for $0^{++}$: (i) as a pure $s\bar{s}$ and calculate, in the context of a quark interchange picture, the cross-section; (ii) as a glueball where a new calculation for this cross-section is made, in the context of the constituent gluon model, with gluon interchange.
		This explains why the $f_0(2102 \pm 13)$, which was suggested to be a glueball, and hence must belong to the scalar (0,0) representation of the chiral group, cannot mix with the neighbouring $f_0(2040 \pm 38)$, which was interpreted as a $ n\bar n$ state, and that belongs to the $(1/2,1/2)$ representation of the chiral group.
		Glueball candidates and qqbar mesons have been found to be produced with different momentum and angular dependences in the central region of pp collisions.
	fafnir.phyast.pitt.edu /exotica/bib/GlueBallPhenom.html (8043 words)

	Glueball Matrix Elements on Anisotropic Lattices (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The glueball-to-vacuum matrix elements of local gluonic operators in scalar, tensor, and pseudoscalar channels are investigated numerically on several anisotropic lattices with the spatial lattice spacing in the range 0.1fm -- 0.2fm.
		These matrix elements are needed to predict the glueball branching ratios in $J/\psi$ radiative decays which will help to identify the glueball states in experiments.
		Two types of improved local gluonic operators are constructed for a self-consistent check, and the finite volume effects are also studied.
	www.maths.tcd.ie /report_series/abstracts/tcdm0408.html (95 words)

	GlueBallLattice
		We report on the scaling behaviour of the FP action on coarse lattices by means of the static quark-antiquark potential, the hadronic scale $r_0$, the string tension $\sigma$ and the critical temperature $T_c$ of the deconfining phase transition.
		Glueball spectrum is studied using an improved gluonic action on asymmetric lattices in the pure SU(3) gauge theory.
		The scalar glueball mass and the string tension are computed in lattice SU(3) gauge theory with the aim of establishing the effectiveness of the improved action approach in removing finite-spacing artifacts.
	fafnir.phyast.pitt.edu /exotica/bib/GlueBallLattice.html (5309 words)

	Glueball properties at finite temperature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		We first explain our motivation to study the glueball properties at the finite temperature by using the closed packing model, which is a phenomenological model for the QCD phase transition.
		We see that, if the glueball mass persists to be 1.7 GeV near T=T_c, the radius of the glueball should be extraordinary huge as 3.8 fm, whereas, if it has the typical hadron size of about 1 fm near T=T_c, the mass should reduce drastically as m(T_c) \alt 0.5 GeV.
		The other is the smearing method to obtain the improved glueball operators which have larger overlaps to the ground glueball state, i.e., \langle 0
	flux.aps.org /meetings/YR01/HAW01/abs/S520008.html (254 words)

	Information Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The possibility that gluonic excitations of hadronic matter or of the QCD vacuum may exist is perhaps one of the most fascinating topics in hadron spectroscopy.
		Glueballs are predicted by many models; in particular present-day lattice gauge calculations require their existence.
		All these models agree that the lightest glueball should have scalar quantum numbers and a mass around 1.6 GeV, which corresponds to the mass region where the scalar qq[bar]-mesons are expected.
	www.jlab.org /div_dept/admin/publications/abstracts/02/Phy/PHY02-40.html (120 words)

	[No title]
		These glueballs also can be thought of as infinitesimal bundles of the chromoelectric field.
		The problem is that the properties of the lightest glueballs are not drastically different from the properties of ordinary particles composed of quarks and antiquarks.
		To nail down the glueball, physicists need to use the equations of QCD to obtain accurate calculations of the mass of a glueball and the precise way in which it decays into other particles.
	domino.research.ibm.com /comm/wwwr_thinkresearch.nsf/pages/glueball196.html (2192 words)

	Glueball candidates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		It had been thought that such glueballs had never been observed in the laboratory, despite a whole host of experiments devised to prove their existence.
		Measurements taken from the Crystal Barrel detector, a large international collaboration working at the massive European atom-smashing laboratory CERN near Geneva, indicate that one of three known particles must be a type of glueball; though at this stage it's hard to say exactly which is which.
		Final confirmation of the glueball's existence is important because it shows once again that the physicists' theories about how subnuclear forces work are on the right track, and this will hopefully lead to a greater understanding of how the universe was originally formed.
	www.eagle.co.uk /news/gluebl.html (414 words)

	Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In order to identify the glueball from the potential candidates, a clear understanding of QCD's nonperturbative spectrum is required.
		We conclude this thesis with Chapter 12, reviewing the modifications to the traditional Isgur-Paton model and their implications for the glueball spectrum and comparing the results with the new lattice operators.
		Table 1.1: Glueball masses from the lattice in units of the string tension.
	www-astro.physics.ox.ac.uk /~rjohnson/thesis/node5.html (845 words)

	NUMERICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE OBSERVATION OF A SCALAR GLUEBALL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		It is generally believed that QCD predicts the existence of glueballs, resonances composed mainly of chromoelectric field without a valence quark-antiquark pair, occurring either as physical particles by themselves or in linear combination with states which do include a valence quark and antiquark.
		The main difficulty in identifying glueballs has been the absence of a reliable, quantitative determination of the properties QCD predicts for these particles.
		For the lightest glueball, a numerical evaluation of the mass and decay rates into several different two-body final states has now been completed using the lattice formulation of QCD on the GF11 parallel computer.
	t8web.lanl.gov /notices/old-seminars/1996/96-04/96-04-23.Tuesday (181 words)

	Bibliography
		Yu.A. Simonov, "Glueball Regge Trajectories and the Pomeron", P. Abstract/Comments 1.1.90
		and the interpretation of the iota as a glueball" UCSB-HEP-86-2 (1986) -
		Ishikawa et all, "Calculation of the Glueball mass spectrum of SU(2) and SU(3) Non-Abelian lattice gauge theories", DESY 83-004 LAPP-TH 72 (1983) - Abstract/Comments3.1983
	www-d0.fnal.gov /~molina/Bibglueballs.html (760 words)

	KK Glueball Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)*
		For J/psi and glueball decays we will require that the invariant mass of either (Ks pi-) or (K- pi+) combination is consistent with K*.
		Paper by Brodsky, Lepage, and Tuan explaining rho-pi puzzle by postulating that J/psi decays are affected by a hypothetical intermideate glueball state.
		Glueball enhances J/psi-> rho pi, K* K deays.
	harv11.fnal.gov /cgi-bin/elogs/kkpi/DBmain.pl (986 words)

	[hep-lat/9704011] Efficient glueball simulations on anisotropic lattices
		Abstract: Monte Carlo results for the low-lying glueball spectrum using an improved, anisotropic action are presented.
		Ten simulations at lattice spacings ranging from 0.2 to 0.4 fm and two different anisotropies have been performed in order demonstrate the advantages of using coarse, anisotropic lattices to calculate glueball masses.
		Our determinations of the tensor (2++) and pseudovector (1+-) glueball masses are more accurate than previous Wilson action calculations.
	de.arxiv.org /abs/hep-lat/9704011 (92 words)

	Ks Ks Spectrum in DIS, meson resonances and Glueball search
		According to the Review of Particle Physics (page 682, 2000) the experimental evidence suggests that the f0(1370) is the I=0 state of the octet and f0(1710) which couples mostly to ssbar is the singlet member, while the f0(1500) is a exotic (glueball) candidate or better a mixture between the glueball and the nearby isosinglet states.
		Glueballs are expected to be produced in a gluon rich environment like J/psi radiative decays and p-pbar diffractive scattering.
		Candidate for scalar octet center or mixture of it with a Glueball.
	www-zeus.desy.de /~barbi/analysis/meson/ksksall/kskseverything.html (2598 words)

	Citebase - Coupling Constants for Scalar Glueball Decay
		We investigate the hadronic two-body decay modes of the scalar-isoscalar $f_0(1370)$, $f_0(1500)$ and $f_0(1710)$ states as resulting from the mixture of the lowest lying scalar glueball with the isoscalar states of the ground state $^3P_0$ $Q\bar Q$ nonet.
		These predictions and values obtained earlier for the scalar glueball's mass are in good agreement with the observed...
		We suggest that decays of glueballs are into pairs of glueballs (including $\eta, \eta'$ or $(\pi\pi)_S$)...
	citebase.eprints.org /cgi-bin/citations?archiveID=oai:arXiv.org:hep-lat/9602022 (949 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The K0s K0s Final State in Two-Photon Collisions and Glueball Searches The K0s K0s final state in two-photon collisions is studied with the L3 detector at LEP using data collected at centre-of-mass energies from 91 GeV to 202 GeV.
		The mass spectrum is dominated by the formation of the f'_2(1525) tensor meson in the helicity two state.
		An upper limit for the two-photon partial width of the csi(2220) glueball candidate is derived.
	l3www.cern.ch /conferences/Osaka2000/abstracts/gg_k0k0.txt (124 words)

	Kolawa, Adam (1986-03-17) Semianalytical calculation of the O++ glueball mass in su(2) gauge theory. ...
		Kolawa, Adam (1986-03-17) Semianalytical calculation of the O++ glueball mass in su(2) gauge theory.
		An attempt is made to derive and to solve the Schrodinger equation in the low energy region (vacuum, first excitation etc.) of the lattice.
		The resulting physical picture for the Yang-Mills vacuum in the cross-over region is that of, still quite dilute, gas of fluctuating loops.
	resolver.caltech.edu /CaltechETD:etd-12072004-144217 (216 words)

	Glueball and torelon masses from lattice gauge theory
		The author analyzes glueball contributions and torelon contributions (flux loops encircling the toroidal boundary conditions) to various lattice observables.
		At smaller lattice sizes, torelons rather than glueballs dominate and one can obtain a quantitative understanding of the finite-size effects on the average plaquette energy.
		He presents a method that can yield a lower limit on the glueball mass, in contrast to the upper mass limits obtained hitherto.
	ej.iop.org /EJ/abstract/0305-4616/13/8/007 (232 words)

	NUMERICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE OBSERVATION OF A GLUEBALL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		A key difficulty in identifying glueballs has been the absence of a reliable, quantitative determination of the properties QCD predicts for these particles.
		For the lightest glueball, a numerical evaluation of several properties including the mass and decay rate into two-body final states has now been completed using the lattice formulation of QCD on the GF11 parallel computer.
		The predicted properties are in good agreement with those of a particle first observed in the early 1980's but whose interpretation according to QCD has not previously been settled.
	www.physics.northwestern.edu /events/colloquia/abstracts_f99/weingarten_12-01.html (188 words)

	Glueball mass spectrum from supergravity
		We calculate the spectrum of glueball masses in non-supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in three and four dimensions, based on a conjectured duality between supergravity and large N gauge theories.
		The glueball masses are obtained by solving supergravity wave equations in a fl hole geometry.
		corrections to the glueball masses, by taking into account stringy corrections to the supergravity action and to the fl hole metric.
	stacks.iop.org /1126-6708/1999/i=01/a=017 (320 words)

	glueball concept from the Astronomy knowledge base
		physical object > natural object > particle > hypothetical particle > glueball
		Next hypothetical particle: Goldstone boson Up: hypothetical particle Previous hypothetical particle: dark matter
		Tentative evidence of the existence of glueballs had been found in accelerator experiments by the mid-1980s.
	www.site.uottawa.ca:4321 /astronomy/glueball.html (62 words)

	The Glueball Superpotential, Mina Aganagic, Ken Intriligator, Cumrun Vafa, Nicholas P. Warner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		We compute glueball superpotentials for four-dimensional, ${\cal N}=1$ supersymmetric gauge theories, with arbitrary gauge groups and massive matter representations.
		We discuss a general ambiguity in the glueball superpotential $W(S)$ for terms, $S^n$, whose order, $n$ is greater than the dual Coxeter number.
		For exceptional groups, we compute the superpotential terms for low powers of the glueball field and propose an all-order completion for some examples including ${\cal N}=1^*$ for all simply-laced groups.
	projecteuclid.org /getRecord?id=euclid.atmp/1087840804 (257 words)

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