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Topic: Glutamic acid

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Acid

Amino acid

Carboxylic acid

Propionic acid

Disodium guanylate

Disodium inosinate

Aspartic acid

Inosinic Acid

Monosodium glutamate

Oxalic acid

Flavour enhancer

Umami

Histidine

Malic acid

Arginine

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	Glutamic Acid
		Glutamic acid is a nonessential amino acid, which means that it is manufactured from other amino acids in the liver; it does not have to be obtained directly through the diet.
		Glutamic acid is interconverted to glutamine, which is known to be a very important amino acid in preventing ammonia intoxication, and is also a brain-active neurotransmitter substance.
		Glutamate is one of the most important excitatory transmitters in the central nervous system in lower animals and may also be important in humans.
	www.springboard4health.com /notebook/proteins_glutamic.html (436 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU Movie Gallery: Glutamic Acid
		First isolated in 1865, glutamic acid is an amino acid that functions as an important metabolic intermediate.
		In animals, glutamic acid is a nonessential amino acid.
		Glutamine is the monoamide of glutamic acid, and an abundant constituent of proteins.
	www.microscopyu.com /moviegallery/chemicalcrystals/glutamicacid (180 words)

	Amino Acids - Glutamic acid
		The side chain carboxyl of aspartic acid is referred to as the β carboxyl group, while that of glutamic acid is referred to as the γ carboxyl group.
		Glutamic acid and α-ketoglutarate, an intermediate in the Krebs cycle, are interconvertible by transamination.
		Glutamic acid can therefore enter the Krebs cycle for energy metabolism, and be converted by the enzyme glutamine synthetase into glutamine, which is one of the key players in nitrogen metabolism.
	www.biology.arizona.edu /biochemistry/problem_sets/aa/glutamate.html (219 words)

	Glutamic acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Glutamic acid (Glu), also referred to as glutamate (the anion), is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids.
		The one-letter abbreviation is E for glutamic acid and Q for glutamine.
		Glutamic acid is present in a wide variety of foods and is responsible for one of the five basic tastes of the human sense of taste (umami), especially in its physiological form, the sodium salt of glutamate in a neutral pH.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Glutamic_acid (1069 words)

	Olympus MIC-D: Polarized Light Gallery - Glutamic Acid
		Glutamic acid, a negatively charged amino acid, is found often on the surface of proteins in plants and animals.
		First isolated in 1865, glutamic acid is widely distributed in plants and some plant proteins yield as much as 45 percent of their weight as glutamic acid.
		The transamination reaction is based on the transfer of the amino group of glutamic acid to a keto acid, to form a new amino acid and a new keto acid.
	www.olympusmicro.com /micd/galleries/polarized/glutamicacid.html (532 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Glutamic acid is a nonessential amino acid that is an important part of the central nervous system.
		About 1/3 of the amino acids not used are broken down for energy and the rest is broken down by the liver to produce urea.
		Individual amino acids should be taken with vitamin B6 and vitamin C to increase the absorption.
	www.nutritiondynamics.com /encyclopedia/Glutamic_acid.htm (638 words)

	343. Glutamic, l- acid and its ammonium, calcium, monosodium/potassium salts (WHO Food Additives Series 5)
		Glutamic acid levels in brain averaged 1.37-1.50 mg/g during the subsequent 14 hours, in plasma 0.02 mg/ml at 0 hour, 0.36 mg/ml at one hour, 0.30 mg/ml at two hours, 0.26 mg/ml at four hours, 0.12 mg/ml at six hours and 0.03 mg/ml at 14 hours after treatment.
		Glutamic acid levels in brain averaged 1.49-1.57 mg/kg during the subsequent six hours, in plasma they averaged 0.03 mg/ml at 0 hours, 0.37 mg/ml at one hour, 0.28 mg/ml at four hours and 0.16 mg/ml at six hours.
		Glutamate is also involved in the synthesis and breakdown of cerebral proteins (Krnjevic, 1970) The level of 30 ninhydrin reactive compounds was studied in the brain of chick embryos (8, 14, 19, 20 and 21 days old) and chicks (1, 4, 8, 15, 30 days old and adult).
	www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/v05je85.htm (12374 words)

	Glutamic Acid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Glutamic acid is a nonessential amino acid that the body uses to build proteins.
		In one study, symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia were improved in a group of forty-five men taking 780 mg of glutamic acid per day for two weeks and then 390 mg for the next two and a half months in combination with equal amounts of the amino acids alanine and glycine.
		Glutamic acid is remarkably free of side effects for the vast majority of people who take it, although individuals with kidney or liver disease should not consume high intakes of amino acids without consulting a health care professional.
	www.vitaminevi.com /Supp/Glutamic_Acid.htm (348 words)

	amino acid power --> About Amino Acids
		Glutamic Acid is a precursor to Glutamine and GABA (2 neurotransmitters).
		Precursor to the neurotransmitter amino acid Glutamate (Glutamic Acid).
		Precursor of the amino acids Cysteine (and Cystine) and Taurine.
	www.aminoacidpower.com /aboutAmino/aminoTour20 (2357 words)

	Glutamic Acid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Glutamic acid is generally free of side effects for the vast majority of people who take it; however, people with kidney or liver disease should not consume high intakes of amino acids without consulting a healthcare professional.
		Because over stimulation of glutamate receptors is thought to be a possible cause of certain neurological diseases (e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [Lou Gehrig’s disease] and epilepsy), people with a neurological disease should consult of physician before supplementing with glutamate.
		Monosodium glutamate (MSG), the form of glutamic acid that is used as a flavor enhancer, has been reported in anecdotal studies to have a number of different adverse effects (including headache, fatigue, and depression).
	www.kroger.com /hn/Supp/Glutamic_Acid.htm (608 words)

	Numark \| Glutamic Acid
		Glutamic acid (glutamate) is an amino acid used by the body to build proteins.
		Glutamic acid may have protective effects on the heart muscle in people with heart disease.
		Healthy people do not need to take glutamic acid as a supplement; for those who do use this amino acid, appropriate amounts should be determined with the consultation of a physician.
	www.numarkpharmacists.com /hn/Supp/Glutamic_Acid.htm (662 words)

	MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Nutrition - Amino Acids: Glutamic Acid
		Glutamic acid is a nonessential amino acid and is synthesized from a number of amino acids including ornithine and arginine.
		Glutamic acid is an excitatory neurotransmitter that increases the firing of neurons in the central nervous system.
		Glutamic acid is biosynthesized from a number of amino acids including ornithine and arginine.
	www.moondragon.org /health/nutritionbasics/aminoacids/glutamicacid.html (971 words)

	Manufactured Free Glutamic Acid is Manufactured
		Central to their argument is the lie that the processed free glutamic acid used in processed food is identical to the glutamic acid found in unprocessed, unadulterated food and in the human body.
		The truth of the matter is that the glutamic acid found in unprocessed, unadulterated, and/or unfermented food and in the human body is composed of one form of a single amino acid, L-glutamic acid, and nothing else.
		In contrast, the glutamic acid that is freed from protein through a manufacturing process or through fermentation (processed free glutamic acid) which is used in processed food is always composed of L-glutamic acid and contaminants that inevitably appear during fermentation or other modes of glutamic acid manufacture or processing..
	www.truthinlabeling.org /manufac.html (2010 words)

	Glutamic Molecule
		Glutamic acid or glutamate is one of the 20 most common natural
		Glutamic acid is critical for proper cell function, but it is not considered an essential nutrient in humans because the body can manufacture it from simpler compounds.
		Free glutamic acid cannot cross the blood-brain barrier in appreciable quantities; instead it is converted into L- glutamine, which the brain uses for fuel and protein synthesis.
	www.worldofmolecules.com /life/glutamic_acid.htm (155 words)

	FREE GLUTAMIC ACID (MSG): SOURCES AND DANGERS
		Since free glutamic acid is cheap and since its neurotoxic nerve stimulation enhances so wonderfully the flavor of basically bland and tasteless foods, such as many low-fat and vegetarian foods, manufacturers are eager to go on using it and do not want the public to realize any of the problems.
		Glutamic acid bound as part of whole, unprocessed protein does not cause problems in people who react to the free glutamic acid in manufactured food, where it is hidden in ingredients with about 40 different names.
		Monosodium glutamate and other forms of free glutamic acid can be manufactured cheaply and sometimes it is even just a byproduct of other food processes.
	www.nutrition4health.org /NOHAnews/NNSp00_MSG.htm (1835 words)

	Glutamic Acid
		Glutamic Acid, also known as glutamate, is one of the twenty most common natural amino acids.
		Glutamic acid is not considered an essential amino acid because the body has the ability to manufacture it from simpler compounds.
		Glutamic acid functions as both a building block in protein synthesis as well as the most widespread neurotransmitter in brain function.
	www.webvitamins.com /Nutrient.aspx?id=470 (215 words)

	Glutamic Acid - herbs 2000.com
		This amino acid is important in the metabolism of sugars and fats, and aids in the transportation of potassium across the blood-brain barrier.
		Glutamic acid is generally free of side effects for the vast majority of people who take it; however, individuals with kidney or liver disease should not consume high intakes of amino acids without consulting a healthcare professional.
		Individuals with a sensitivity to monosodium glutamate (MSG), even though it is not the same as glutamic acid or glutamine, may experience an allergic reaction to them.
	www.herbs2000.com /amino_acids/glutamic_acid.htm (400 words)

	Disposition of Glutathione Conjugates in Rats by a Novel Glutamic Acid Pathway: Characterization of Unique Peptide ...
		of the glutamic acid pathway in disposition of the glutathione
		The fragment ions a (m/z 382) and b (m/z 182) are formed by an elimination of glutamic acid and by cleavage at the C---S bond of cysteine moiety, respectively.
		Lash LH and Anders MW (1986) Bioactivation and cytotoxicity of amino acid and glutathione S-conjugates.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/294/2/735 (5803 words)

	Glutamic acid definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Glutamic acid: An amino acid, one of the 20 building blocks of protein.
		A nonessential amino acid, glutamic acid is present in many animal and plant proteins.
		Glutamic acid was isolated from wheat gluten in 1866 and first synthesized in 1890.
	www.medicinenet.com /script/main/art.asp?ArticleKey=22824 (111 words)

	Glutamic acid information page. All about glutamic acid and the role it plays in your diet.
		Glutamic acid, a non-essential amino acid and is synthesized from a number of amino acids including ornithine and arginine.
		It is an important excitatory neurotransmitter, and glutamic acid is also important in the metabolism of sugars and fats.
		High dosages of glutamic acid may include symptoms such as headaches and neurological problems.
	www.anyvitamins.com /glutamic-acid-info.htm (419 words)

	Glutamic Acid
		The preventive effect of glutamic acid on the clinical manifestation of dental fluorosis was studied in rat experiments.
		No depigmentation was observed in rats receiving water with the same content of fluorine in parallel with glutamic acid (twice a week).
		Hence, glutamic acid prevented dental fluorosis by neutralizing the toxic effect of high fluorine dose.
	www.bruha.com /pfpc/html/glutamic_acid.html (273 words)

	L-glutamic acid-producing bacterium and method for producing L-glutamic acid - Patent 6682912
		L-Glutamic acid is biosynthesized from.alpha.-ketoglutaric acid which is an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle by GDH or glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase.
		The ability to produce L-glutamic acid may be either one possessed by a wild-type strain as its property, or one imparted or enhanced by breeding.
		L-Glutamic acid can be produced by culturing the microorganism belonging to the genus Klebsiella, Erwinia or Pantoea and having the ability to produce L-glutamic acid in a liquid culture medium to produce and accumulate L-glutamic acid in the medium, and collecting it from the culture medium.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6682912.html (4812 words)

	Glutamic Acid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Amino acids are the building blocks from which all proteins are made.
		as their name implies, amino acids are difunctional; they contain both a basic amino group and an acidic carboxyl group.
		All 20 are alpha- amino acids; that is, the amino group in each is a substituent on the carbon atom alpha to, or next to, the carbonyl group.
	www.3dchem.com /molecules.asp?ID=52 (150 words)

	MotherNature.com - Glutamic Acid
		In one study, symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were improved in a group of 45 men taking 780 mg of glutamic acid per day for two weeks and then 390 mg for the next two and a half months in combination with equal amounts of the amino acids, alanine and glycine,
		Sources of glutamic acid include high-protein foods, such as meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and dairy products.
		Antiischemic and metabolic effects of glutamate during pacing in patients with stable angina pectoris secondary to either coronary artery disease or syndrome X. Am J Cardiol 1991;68:291–5.
	www.mothernature.com /Library/Ency/Index.cfm/id/2855004 (754 words)

	Supplements A to Z - Real Muscle Building and Fitness SOLUTIONS
		One of the most common amino acids as well as the primary "food" for our brains, glutamic acid appears to support mental functioning.
		Glutamic acid is used most commonly as a brain food to improve mental functioning.
		Monosodium glutamine (MSG) is a salt form of glutamic acid, and while the two compounds have vastly different effects in the body, if you have any sensitivity to MSG, you may wish to avoid supplementation with glutamic acid.
	www.realsolutionsmag.com /supplements/supplements.aspx?nid=44 (308 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ajinomoto, the leading bulk amino acid manufacturer in the industry for fifty years, provides small package L-Glutamic Acid for use in research and development applications.
		Because Ajinomoto Small Pack amino acids are produced with the same high quality as they are in bulk, they will not require revalidation as a project moves from R&D to full-scale production.
		Ajinomoto Aminoscience LLC Small Package Amino Acids are intended for research use by manufacturers and institutions.
	www.ajiaminoacids.com /product/product.aspx?MaterialNo=30351 (160 words)

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