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Topic: Glyceraldehyde

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Aldehyde

	Glyceraldehyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Glyceraldehyde is a triose monosaccharide with chemical formula C
		Glyceraldehyde is used as the configurational standard for carbohydrates.
		Glyceraldehyde can be prepared, along with dihydroxyacetone, by the mild oxidation of glycerol, for example with hydrogen peroxide and a ferrous salt as catalyst.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Glyceraldehyde (240 words)

	Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, also known as triose phosphate or 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde and abbreviated as G3P, GADP, GAP or PGAL, is a chemical compound that occurs as an intermediate in several central metabolic pathways of all organisms.
		The CAS number of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is 142-10-9 and that of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (one of the two optical isomers of the compound and the one most often occurring in living organisms) is 591-57-1.
		Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate occurs as a reactant in the biosynthesis pathway of thiamine (Vitamin B
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Glyceraldehyde_3-phosphate (458 words)

	Glyceraldehyde - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Glyceraldehyde is a triose carbohydrate with the chemical formula C
		Glyceraldehyde has a chiral centre and therefore exists in D- and L- forms.
		It may be prepared, along with dihydroxyacetone, by the mild oxidation of glycerol, for example with hydrogen peroxide and a ferrous salt as catalyst.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Glyceraldehyde (100 words)

	Identification and characterization of Thermoplasma acidophilum glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase: a new class of NADP+-speci (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In the present study, we identified and characterized a glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase involved in the downstream portion of the nED pathway.
		53 kDa, whereas the molecular mass of the native protein was 215 kDa, indicating that glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase is a tetrameric protein.
		Analysis of the amino acid sequence and enzyme inhibition studies indicated that this glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase belongs to the ALDH (aldehyde dehydrogenase) superfamily.
	www.galenicom.com /medline/article/16566751/mt:Peptide%252520Mapping (317 words)

	Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)
		Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is the enzyme that initiates the second (payoff) stage of glycolysis.
		GAPDH catalyzes the reaction that converts glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) into 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate (1,3 BPG) (and the reverse reaction in gluconeogenesis).
		Cardon, Jeffrey W. Probes of catalytic cooperativity in glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
	www.stanford.edu /~mmogri/bio/gapdh/index.html (390 words)

	Glyceraldehyde and the Fischer Projection: Chirality
		A model of glyceraldehyde is shown with its mirror image.
		A model of glyceraldehyde is shown along with its mirror reflection.
		Glyceraldehyde is chiral because it is nonsuperimposable with its mirror image.
	jchemed.chem.wisc.edu /JCESoft/CCA/CCA5/MAIN/1ORGANIC/ORG09/TRAM09/D/0281924/THUMBS.HTM (62 words)

	Irishhealth.com - Online Medical Dictionary
		In glycolysis, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is created from dihydroxyacetone phosphate with the aid of triose-phosphate isomerase.
		In turn, it an dorganic phosphate and NAD+ are converted into 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, NADH and free hydrogen with the aid of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
		Previous: glycanohydrolases, glycate, glycation, glyceraldehdye 3 phosphate, glyceraldehyde
	www.irishhealth.com /dictionary.html?query=glyceraldehyde+3-phosphate (58 words)

	Glyceraldehyde
		149, 71 (1943); by reductive cleavage of glyceraldehyde 1-benzyl ether 3-phosphoric acid: Fischer, Baer, Ber.
		65, 337, 1040 (1932); by hydrolysis of dimeric glyceraldehyde 1,3-diphosphoric acid: Baer, Fischer, J.
		150, 213 (1943); by hydrolysis of dimeric glyceraldehyde 1-bromide 3-phosphoric acid: ibid.
	www.angelo.edu /faculty/nflynn/pathways/Intermediates/g3p.htm (174 words)

	A mutation in glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase alters endocytosis in CHO cells -- Robbins et al. 130 (5): 1093 ...
		A mutation in glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase alters endocytosis in CHO cells -- Robbins et al.
		A mutation in glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase alters endocytosis in CHO cells
		Glaser, P. E., Han, X., Gross, R. Tubulin is the endogenous inhibitor of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoform that catalyzes membrane fusion: Implications for the coordinated regulation of glycolysis and membrane fusion.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/abstract/130/5/1093 (524 words)

	Mechanism of Glyceraldehyde Inhibition of Glycolysis
		THE effect of low concentrations of monomeric glyceraldehyde in inhibiting lactic acid formation in tissues using glucose but not in those using glycogen has been the subject of much experimentation and discussion.
		0.01–0.001 M glyceraldehyde caused 80–90 per cent inhibition with glucose but had little or no effect with glycogen.
		Stickland found (private communication) by special tests that glyceraldehyde was not inhibiting hexokinase in this system.
	www.nature.com /nature/journal/v165/n4196/abs/165521a0.html (120 words)

	Glyceraldehyde - Free net encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Glyceraldehyde has a chiral centre and therefore exists in two different conformations with opposite steriochemical rotation:
		While the optical rotation of glyceraldehyde is (+) for dextrorotory and (-) for levorotory, this is not true for all monosaccharides.
		The steriochemical rotation can be intuitively determined by the chemical structure, whereas the optical rotation can only be determined empirically.
	www.netipedia.com.cob-web.org:8888 /index.php/L-glyceraldehyde (243 words)

	Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry - Chem*4520 Metabolic Processes
		Fructose-1-P is not a substrate for phosphofructokinase, and instead a variant fructose-1-P aldolase breaks fructose-1-P down to dihydroxyacetone-3-P and unphosphorylated glyceraldehyde (since the 6-P is missing).
		Some glyceraldehyde may be reduced to glycerol by the abundant liver alcohol dehydrogenase and is then converted to dihydroxyacetone-3-P; this is really opportunistic use of enzymes normally used for other purposes,and not a major pathway in its own right.
		Mannose is phosphorylated by hexokinase; a specific mannosephosphate isomerase yields fructose-6-P. Pentoses such as ribose, ribulose, xylose and xylulose can be phosphorylated and are converted to triose phosphates by the non-oxidative rearrangements of the pentose phosphate pathway.
	www.chembio.uoguelph.ca /educmat/Chm452/lecture7.htm (602 words)

	Glyceraldehyde and the Fischer Projection
		Molecular models are used to demonstrate chirality of glyceraldehyde and drawing its Fischer Projection.
		Glyceraldehyde and the Fischer Projection: Drawing the Fischer Projection
		The shadow of a molecular model of glyceraldehyde is used to draw its Fischer projection.
	www.jce.divched.org /JCESoft/CCA/CCA5/MAIN/1ORGANIC/ORG09/TRAM09/D/MENU.HTM (59 words)

	Increased uptake of {alpha}-hydroxy aldehyde-modified low density lipoprotein by macrophage scavenger receptors -- ...
		LDL was incubated with glycolaldehyde, glyceraldehyde, or erythrose,
		LDL (1 mg/mL) was incubated at 37°C in PBS with the indicated final concentrations of glycolaldehyde (open triangles), glyceraldehyde (solid circles), and erythrose (solid triangles) for 48 h, after which the LDL was dialyzed extensively.
		glycolaldehyde (open triangles), glyceraldehyde (solid circles), erythrose (solid triangles), or by acetylation with acetic anhydride (solid squares) (A) or by incubating the lipoprotein with the indicated concentration of the glycolaldehyde, glyceraldehyde, or erythrose for 24 h (B).
	www.jlr.org /cgi/content/full/41/7/1054 (3271 words)

	Amino acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		conventions for amino acid do not refer to their own optical activity, but rather to the optical activity of glyceraldehyde as an analogue of the amino acids.
		Cysteine is structured similarly (with respect to glyceraldehyde) to the other amino acids but the sulfur atom alters the interpretation of the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rule.
		Proteins are created by polymerization of amino acids.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Amino_acid (1863 words)

	{{alpha}}-Chlorohydrin Inhibits Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Multiple Organs as Well as in Sperm -- ...
		as an analogue of the G3PDH substrate glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
		Robbins, A. R., Ward, R. D., and Oliver, C. A mutation in glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase alters endocytosis in CHO cells.
		Welch, J. E., Schatte, E. C., O`Brien, D. A., and Eddy, E. Expression of a glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene specific to mouse spermatogenic cells.
	toxsci.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/62/1/115 (4571 words)

	Creative Chemistry Optical Isomers
		This is because glyceraldehyde is used as a standard by which other chiral molecules are compared.
		There are two enantiomers of glyceraldehyde, depending on the position of the —OH (hydroxyl) group on the molecule.
		The positions of the hydroxyl groups on other chiral molecules can be compared with glyceraldehyde to see if they are the
	www.creative-chemistry.org.uk /molecules/optical.htm (404 words)

	Sequence-specific binding of transfer RNA by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase -- Singh and Green 259 (5093): ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a novel autoantigen leading autoimmune responses to proliferating cell nuclear antigen multiprotein complexes in lupus patients.
		Specific Phosphorylated Forms of Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Associate with Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 and Inhibit Viral Transcription In Vitro.
		Specific Interaction of Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase with the 5'-Nontranslated RNA of Hepatitis A Virus.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/abstract/259/5093/365 (1191 words)

	Human protein: P04406 - Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC ) (GAPDH). EMBL Bioinformatics Harvester
		The glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase gene family: structure of a human cDNA and of an X chromosome linked pseudogene; amazing complexity of the gene family in mouse.
		Isolation and complete sequence of a functional human glyceraldehyde- 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene.
		Carbohydrate degradation; glycolysis; pyruvate from D- glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate: step 1.
	harvester.embl.de /harvester/P044/P04406.htm (931 words)

	References - glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase - HORT640 - Metabolic Plant Physiology - Department of Horticulture ...
		Gonzalez B, de Graaf A, Renaud M, Sahm H 2000 Dynamic in vivo (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance study of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in glucose-limited chemostat culture during the aerobic-anaerobic shift.
		Kwon HB, Park SC, Peng HP, Goodman HM, Dewdney J, Shih MC 1994 Identification of a light-responsive region of the nuclear gene encoding the B subunit of chloroplast glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana.
		Park SC, Kwon HB, Shih MC 1996 Cis-acting elements essential for light regulation of the nuclear gene encoding the A subunit of chloroplast glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis thaliana.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /rhodcv/hort640c/referen/gapdh.htm (2350 words)

	Glyceraldehyde (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Feedback Contents Employment Opportunities Search Glyceraldehyde MC 1432 Glyceraldehyde, [1- 14 C]- HOCH 2Glyceraldehyde - Carbon 14 labeled radiochemicals Moravek...
		Glyceraldehyde synthons intermediates - TopChem Laboratories - custom synthesis - chemical process r
		Glyceraldehyde acetonide - ascorbic acid - gulonolactone acetonide - TopChem Laboratories - custom s
	www.chemindustry.com /apps/search?search_term=Glyceraldehyde (290 words)

	Brownian dynamics simulations of aldolase binding glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and the possibility of ...
		Brownian dynamics simulations of aldolase binding glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and the possibility of substrate channeling
		ABSTRACT Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations test for channeling of the substrate, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP), as it passes between the enzymes fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (aldolase) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH).
		First, BD simulations determined the favorable complexes between aldolase and GAPDH; two adjacent subunits of GAPDH form salt bridges with two subunits of aldolase.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3938/is_200106/ai_n8971769 (1031 words)

	Glyceraldehyde Preserves Glucose Concentrations in Whole Blood Specimens -- Landt 46 (8): 1144 -- Clinical Chemistry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Glyceraldehyde Preserves Glucose Concentrations in Whole Blood Specimens -- Landt 46 (8): 1144 -- Clinical Chemistry
		Glyceraldehyde Preserves Glucose Concentrations in Whole Blood Specimens
		Methods: Heparinized blood from volunteers was treated with glyceraldehyde
	www.clinchem.org /cgi/content/abstract/46/8/1144 (214 words)

	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
		The ring also opens at the anomeric carbon.
		The product on the right is the glyceraldehyde.
		Technically this is called a reverse aldol condensation.
	www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/vchembook/imagespdb/601glyceraldehyde3phos.html (62 words)

	Chapter 25: Carbohydrate Fischer Projections
		Note that Fischer projections of carbohydrates are typically drawn with the longest chain oriented vertically and with the more highly oxidised C (the carbonyl group) at the top.
		Other carbohydrates are defined as either D- or L- by comparing the stereochemistry at the chirality center next to the -CH OH group (i.e.
		with the chirality center furthest from the carbonyl group or the highest numbered chirality center) with the chirality center in glyceraldehyde.
	www.mhhe.com /physsci/chemistry/carey5e/Ch25/ch25-4.html (252 words)

	The Amino Acid Composition and Other Properties of Thermostable Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from Bacillus ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Amino Acid Composition and Other Properties of Thermostable Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus -- Singleton et al.
		Articles by Amelunxen, R. The Amino Acid Composition and Other Properties of Thermostable Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus
		was found to be close to that of other glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
	intl.jbc.org /cgi/content/abstract/244/6/1623 (182 words)

	InterPro: IPR006424 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, type I
		O14556 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, testis-specific (EC 1.2.1.12) (Spermatogenic cell-specific glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2) (GAPDH-2)
		Castilho M.S. Pavao F. Oliva G. Ladame S. Willson M. Perie J. Evidence for the two phosphate binding sites of an analogue of the thioacyl intermediate for the Trypanosoma cruzi glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-catalyzed reaction, from its crystal structure.
		Antonyuk S.V. Eady R.R. Strange R.W. Hasnain S.S. The structure of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans at 1.7 A resolution.
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR006424 (3215 words)

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