
	Where results make sense

Topic: Glycoalkaloid

In the News (Sat 11 Oct 08)

Halo 3

Swedish Academy

Ricky Ponting

Dalai Lama

Thabo Mbeki

Sarah Palin

Alistair Darling

Jerome Corsi

Yoichiro Nambu

Breast Cancer

	Solanine - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Solanine is a glycoalkaloid poison found in species of the nightshade family.
		Some studies show a correlation between the consumption of potatoes suffering from late-blight (which increases solanine and other glycoalkaloid levels) and the incidence of congenital spina bifida in humans.
		Potatoes naturally produce solanine and chaconine, a related glycoalkaloid, as a defense mechanism against insects, disease, and predators.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /solanine.htm (564 words)

	Potato - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Potatoes contain glycoalkaloids, toxic compounds, of which the most prevalent are solanine and chaconine.
		Glycoalkaloids occur in the greatest concentrations just underneath the skin of the tuber, and they increase with age and exposure to light.
		Glycoalkaloids may cause headaches, diarrhea, cramps and in severe cases coma and death; however, poisoning from potatoes occurs very rarely.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Potato (3068 words)

	Potato (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Potatoes also contain glycoalkaloid s, toxic compounds, of which the most prevalent are solanine and chaconine.
		Glycoalkaloid concentrations are highest just underneath the skin of the tuber and increase with age and exposure to light.
		Glycoalkaloids may cause headaches, diarrhea, cramps and in severe cases coma and death; however, poisoning from potatoes is very rare.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Potato.html (2606 words)

	ACT Health - Cadmium and Glycoalkaloids in Raw Potatoes
		Probably because glycoalkaloids are natural compounds present in a staple food that has been used for millennia, their effects on humans has not been investigated as for other chemicals regulated in the Code.
		[g]lycoalkaloid poisoning elicits a wide variety of symptoms ranging from gastrointestinal disorders, through confusion, hallucination and partial paralysis to convulsions, coma and death but it is thought to stem from one or both of two distinct modes of action.
		As glycoalkaloids are concentrated in the outer layer of potato tubers (Smith et al) it would be appropriate to recommend that consumers peel potatoes before consumption, especially if the potatoes show signs of greening or damage.
	www.health.act.gov.au /c/health?a=da&did=10017393&pid=1053663208&sid= (1412 words)

	New Scientist
		Glycoalkaloid levels in the leaves of the lectin-transformed potatoes dropped by up to 44 per cent.
		This seems to be due to the genetic engineering technique itself, because introducing another type of gene, for another potential insect deterrent called cowpea trypsin inhibitor, also caused glycoalkaloid levels in the plants to drop by 70 per cent.
		The team warns that plants with lower glycoalkaloid levels could be more vulnerable to a range of insect pests, including the potato leafhopper.
	online.sfsu.edu /%7Erone/GEessays/GEpotatoes.htm (438 words)

	NTP: Executive Summary of Chaconine & Solanine
		The two glycoalkaloids are produced commercially by extracting the major alkaloids with water, and then preparing a crude glycoalkaloid extract from the weakly acidic plant extract.
		One study analyzing case reports of poisoning determined that glycoalkaloid doses of 2 to 5 mg/kg (0.0023-0.0058 mmol/kg) induce toxic symptoms in humans, and doses of 3 to 6 mg/kg (0.0035-0.007 mmol/kg) are fatal.
		In terms of structure-activity relationships, the biological activity of glycoalkaloids is influenced by the nature and the number of sugars composing the carbohydrate moiety attached to the 3-OH position of the aglycone, and the stereochemical orientation of the chaconine diglycosides.
	ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov /index.cfm?objectid=6F5E930D-F1F6-975E-7037ACA48ABB25F4 (1509 words)

	"POISONOUS PLANTS SLIDES - BLACK NIGHTSHADE, COMMON NIGHTSHADE" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The akaloidal portion of the glycoalkaloid is also generically referred to as an aglycone.
		The intact glycoalkaloid is poorly absorbed from the GI tract but causes GI irritation.
		Overall plant glycoalkaloid content is often higher in the autumn than in the spring.
	cal.vet.upenn.edu /poison/plants/ppblani.htm (343 words)

	Greening of potatoes: Food Science Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		These protective chemicals (glycoalkaloids) are at high levels in the leaves, stems and sprouts of the potato plant and are normally at very low levels in potato tubers.
		Potatoes will also produce high levels of glycoalkaloids (such as solanine) in response to bruising, cutting and other forms of physical damage, as well as to rotting caused by fungi or bacteria.
		Green potatoes may cause food poisoning and since some of the symptoms are similar to gastroenteritis it is possible that some undiagnosed cases of gastroenteritis have been caused by eating green potatoes.
	www.foodscience.afisc.csiro.au /spuds.htm (625 words)

	Medical Science Monitor - _MANUS
		Glycoalkaloids are reported to inactivate the Herpes simplex, Herpes zoster and Herpes genitalis viruses in humans, while Aglyones, including solasodine, may protect against skin cancer.
		The hydrolysis of glycoalkaloids in a liquid-liquid system was performed using a reflux condenser, obtaining extracts of glycolakaloids from dried and milled potato tuber sprouts.
		Glycoalkaloid hydrolysis in a liquid-liquid system yields the aglycone solanidine can be obtained from dried potato sprouts.
	www.medscimonit.com /medscimonit/modules.php?name=Current_Issue&d_op=summary&id=6368 (362 words)

	Toxicity in Foods
		The toxic properties of green potatoes is not due to the green color, however, for the greening is due to chlorophyll which often accompanies the synthesis of the toxic sub- stance solanine, a glycoalkaloid.
		Glycoalkaloid synthesis increases when the tuber is exposed to stress conditions such as light, cutting, or bruising.
		Potato varieties differ widely in their glycoalkaloid content and some varieties have had to be taken off the market because their glycoalkaloid content exceeded the level considered safe for human consumption; a glycoalkaloid level above 20 milligrams per 100 grams of fresh weight is considered unsafe.
	www.critterchat.net /toxicity.htm (739 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Glycoalkaloids are intended to protect tubers from attack by insects, diseases, and yes, people.
		For this reason, commercially grown potatoes are monitored for their glycoalkaloid content; a limit of 20 mg/100 g of fresh weight potatoes has been established.
		Glycoalkaloids are heat stable, so cooking the tubers won't destroy the chemicals.
	www.foodhaccp.com /msgboard.mv?parm_func=showmsg+parm_msgnum=1004801 (638 words)

	Potato Greening in Supermarket Produce Displays :: Promolux Lighting International
		In fact, potatoes do contain poison in the form of glycoalkaloid enzymes which are always present within 3 mm (1/8 in.) of the surface of the potato, with the highest concentrations in the eyes or sprouts.
		Solanine is the most prevalent toxin in potatoes, and to a lesser degree solanine is also present in tomatoes, eggplants, and peppers, especially when the vegetables are green or not yet ripe.
		Other glycoalkaloid toxins found in the nightshade family include tomatine from tomatoes, and nicotine from tobacco.
	www.promolux.com /english/retail_produce_greening.html (839 words)

	Produce - Fruit and Vegetable Lighting Display Equipment
		Of critical importance is the potato category which produces toxic levels of the glycoalkaloid solanine during the greening process.
		Glycoalkaloids are toxic to humans; the lethal dose is 3-6 mg per kg of body mass.
		"At high enough levels the glycoalkaloid found in potatoes known as solanine can cause irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, impairment of the nervous system, and it is believed that they can cause teratogenic or birth defects.
	www.safespectrum.com /applications_produce.html (959 words)

	Jaana Laurila: Interspecific hybrids of potato: determination of glycoalkaloid aglycones and influence of bacterial ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Jaana Laurila: Interspecific hybrids of potato: determination of glycoalkaloid aglycones and influence of bacterial infection
		Interspecific hybrids of potato: determination of glycoalkaloid aglycones and influence of bacterial infection
		You may download, display and print it for Your own personal use.
	ethesis.helsinki.fi /julkaisut/maa/sbiol/vk/laurila (65 words)

	PhD Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		This is due to the formation of chlorophyll (the green pigment found in plants) which is both tasteless and harmless.
		Concurrent with the greening process is an accumulation of toxic compounds known as steroidal glycoalkaloids.
		Exposure to light causes potato tubers to green, due to the conversion of amyloplasts to chloroplasts, and accumulate toxic steroidal glycoalkaloids.
	www.solanum.net /ntu.htm (445 words)

	Potato alkaloids (Jay Mann)
		The toxic chemical is solanine, a glycoalkaloid, which acts as a cholinesterase inhibitor.
		I've worked with Solanum laciniatum and Solanum aviculare, which have toxic glycoalkaloids in unripe fruit, but which were used by settlers to make bland but harmless jams with when fully ripe.
		I'm also pretty certain that green tomatoes are quite high in tomatine, another glycoalkaloid.
	www.yarchive.net /food/potato_alkaloids.html (885 words)

	New Safeguards Against Glycoalkaloids
		Thousands of new tomatoes and potatoes, for instance, are screened by breeders every year in the ongoing quest for outstanding flavor, superb texture, or other prized qualities.
		The new antibody can be used to ensure that top-performing potatoes from plant breeding experiments, for example, don't exceed the generally accepted safe limit of 20 milligrams of glycoalkaloids for each 100 grams of fresh potato.
		Potatoes of the future may manufacture less glycoalkaloids if they contain the rebuilt form of a gene newly found and copied at Albany.
	www.ars.usda.gov /is/AR/archive/dec97/glyc1297.htm?pf=1S (793 words)

	Potato Gene Engineering Research Should Benefit Andes Farmers / November 15, 1999 / News from the USDA Agricultural ...
		Some Andean communities use a processing technique to remove the glycoalkaloids, but it also removes proteins and vitamins as well.
		In experiments using potato plants with the rebuilt genes, they reduced glycoalkaloid levels up to about 40 percent in preliminary field tests and up to 60 percent in greenhouse tests.
		It may enable them to use insect- or disease-resistant traits from native tubers that would today be removed from breeding programs because of high glycoalkaloid levels.
	www.ars.usda.gov /is/pr/1999/991115.htm (328 words)

	FDA/CFSAN: Note to the File for BNF No. 000033
		Monsanto conducted compositional analyses of their Newleaf™ potato lines and showed that potato tubers derived from the two new Superior lines were substantially equivalent to tubers derived from control Superior tubers presently in commerce.
		Monsanto also stated that a significantly lower level of total glycoalkaloid was observed for line ATBT04-36, and that this level fell within the range for potatoes in commerce.
		Therefore, Monsanto concluded that their Atlantic varieties were substantially equivalent to tubers derived from control Atlantic potato tubers presently in commerce.
	vm.cfsan.fda.gov /~rdb/bnfm033.html (885 words)

	Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment. vol.24 no.1; Abstract: S0101-20612004000100010 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Due to its broad availability and nutritional characteristics, it has been considered one of the most important components in the human diet.
		The recommended safety level for these compounds in unprocessed potato tubers for human consumption, expressed as total glycoalkaloids, is 200mg·kg
		In this study, samples of potato tubers of different commercial varieties collected in the city of Campinas, State of São Paulo, were extracted and analysed for their total glycoalkaloid (TGA) content using a C18 HPLC column with a photodiode array detector.
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0101-20612004000100010&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en (207 words)

	Skin Answer - Improve sun-damaged skin! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Sun-damaged skin is a raised and discolored portion of the skin (usually found on the face, neck, arms, hands, shoulders, or chest) that can be rough, scaly, or appear to be reddish or brownish in color.
		Skin Answer is a glycoalkaloid gel that acts as an exfoliant to help dramatically improve the appearance of sun-damaged skin. After Skin Answer is applied to the portion of damaged skin, the sunspot will begin to exfoliate (flake off), and within weeks, a new patch of cleaner, newer looking skin will appear underneath.
		Skin Answer’s exclusive formula combines aloe vera to soothe and moisturize, oil of melaleuca and menthol to refresh, and extracts of willow bark and sand brier (a little-known herb from Australia that is a powerful natural source of glycoalkaloids) to penetrate into and slough away dead skin cells.*
	www.healthproducts-usa.com /7_skin_answer.htm (539 words)

	Ilan Levin
		Because the tomato fruit color and its carotenoid biosynthetic pathway are highly affected by the photomorphogenic cascade, we are now involved in a major study designed to evaluate these biological interactions.
		Van Dam, J., Levin, I., Struik, P., and Levy, D. Identification of epistatic interaction affecting glycoalkaloid content in tubers of tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.).
		Lieberman, M., Segev, O., Gilboa, N., Lalazar, A., and Levin, I. The tomato homolog of the gene encoding UV DAMAGED DNA BINDING protein 1 (DDB1) underlined as the gene that causes the high pigment-1 mutant phenotype.
	www.agri.gov.il /People/IlanLevine.html (576 words)

	SunSpotES by Lane Labs
		Solanum Sodomaeum - The Power within SunSpotES Dr. Cham, a veterinarian, noticed some years ago that while it was very common for Australian cattle to have sun-damaged spots on their muzzles, cattle that grazed on Solanum Sodomaeum did not show any evidence of damage from the sun.
		Investigating, Dr. Cham found that the juices of the Solanum plant contained glycoalkaloids - a combination of sugar and caustic alkaloids that is drawn into sun-damaged cells and dissolves them, so they dry up and are exfoliated.
		Over almost 10 years of intense clinical research, he demonstrated that Solanum Sodomaeum did indeed work wonders on sun-damaged skin - in humans as well as animals - in many cases, causing those rough, raised, scaly red or brownish spots to dry up and vanish in as little as four to six weeks.
	www.blessednutrition.com /subylala.html (545 words)

	"Genetically Modified Food Sales 'Dead' In EU Until Safety Certain, Says Consultant"
		Another example is glycoalkaloid, which is found in potatoes, he said.
		High levels of glycoalkaloid have caused skin rashes on produce handlers.
		Increasingly, as plant breeders propagate new crops, they are aware of changes in chemical composition that could cause people to get sick, Munro said.
	www.biotech-info.net /GMO_sales.html (1033 words)

	Health and Consumer Protection - Scientific Committee on Plants - Outcome of discussions 24
		However, the purpose underlying the introduction of the test of "substantial equivalence" was to ensure that changes other than those controlled by the introduced trait did not occur.
		The glycoalkaloid content of the fresh GM tubers appears to fall within the natural variation for potato.
		This is also the case for some of the differences observed in many measured parameters e.g.
	europa.eu.int /comm/food/fs/sc/scp/out24_en.html (1807 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Glycoalkaloids are heat stable, so cooking the tubers won't destroy the
		Glycoalkaloids : are intended to : protect tubers from attack by insects, diseases, and yes, : people.
		: For this reason, commercially grown potatoes are monitored : for their : glycoalkaloid content; a limit of 20 mg/100 g of fresh wei : ght potatoes has : been established.
	www.foodhaccp.com /msgboard.mv?parm_func=showmsg+parm_msgnum=1004703 (624 words)

	n2237 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Los científicos de ARS esperan mejorar el valor alimenticio de patatas andinas por el bloqueo de compuestos naturales pero amargos llamados "glycoalkaloids." Algunas comunidades andinas utilizan una técnica de proceso para quitar los glycoalkaloids, pero el proceso quita las proteínas y las vitaminas también.
		Los científicos de ARS manipularon propios genes de la patata para ayudar a bloquear la formación de un "glycoalkaloid" dominante.
		En experimentos usando las matas de patata con los genes reconstruidos, los científicos reducieron los niveles del glycoalkaloid hasta cerca de 40 por ciento en pruebas preliminares en los campos y hasta 60 por ciento en pruebas en los invernaderos.
	www.seedquest.com /News/releases/usa/Usda/n2237.htm (882 words)

	CompassioNet - SunSpotES Natural Supplements
		Combining glycoalkaloids from sand brier with other powerful natural ingredients, SunSpot™ ES (for Extra Strength) actually targets rough, scaly sun spots for exfoliation.
		At the same time, SunSpot™ ES pampers your skin cells with aloe vera, tea tree oil, salicylic acid, and menthol natural ingredients that are well known for their ability to revitalize and renew the skin.
		Dr. Margaret Olsen, a dermatologist, tested glycoalkaloids with a group of her patients.
	www.compassionet.com /products.asp?ID=44&system=WelcomeBack-SA (398 words)

	Food Resource [http://food.oregonstate.edu/], Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
		Rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of the potato glycoalkaloids alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine.
		The effect of light intensity on Colorado potato beetle resistance and foliar glycoalkaloid concentration of four Solanum chacoense clones.
		A rapid quantitative determination of the individual glycoalkaloids in tubers and leaves of solanum tuberosum L. Potato Res.
	food.oregonstate.edu /ref/plant/potato_r.html (11286 words)

	SkinAnswer Info Page
		Key Ingredients of SunSpot™ES Combining glycoalkaloids from sand brier with other powerful natural ingredients to exfoliate, soothe and rejuvenate the skin, SunSpot ES contains 50% more of the powerful compounds that made SkinAnswer so effective - and it works up to twice as fast.
		An extra strength blend of ingredients, including glycoalkaloids that work safely and quickly.
		SunSpot™ES contains an extra strenght blend of ingredients, including glycoalkaloids, to soften and exfoliate scaly skin patches, called sunspots.
	www.meganutrition.com /Lane_Labs/skinanswer_info_page.htm (283 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)