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Topic: Glycogenolysis

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	Glycogen Metabolism
		In the case of muscle cells this is acutely apparent since the purpose in glycogenolysis in muscle cells is to generate substrate for glycolysis.
		This means that theroretically glycogenolysis occurring in skeletal muscle could generate free glucose which could enter the blood stream.
		This activity is crucial to the enhancement of glycogenolysis in muscle cells where muscle contraction is induced via acetylcholine stimulation at the neuromuscular junction.
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/mwking/glycogen.html (2825 words)

	A Novel Assay for Evaluating Glycogenolysis in Rat Adipocytes and the Inability of Insulin To Antagonize Glycogenolysis ...
		The extent of glycogenolysis is determined by the decrease in radioactivity in precipitated glycogen, which was quite substantial under experimental conditions facilitating glycogenolysis.
		(c) Glycogenolysis (as opposed to lipolysis) is activated at concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone or isoproterenol 7-11-fold lower and at adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate concentrations 7-fold lower.
		In conclusion, the assay allowed us to compare glycogenolysis to lipolysis within the same cell, and to find that the sensitivity to hormones and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate was about 1 order of magnitude higher for glycogenolysis than for lipolysis.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/bichaw/1997/36/i51/abs/bi970902l.html (361 words)

	Influence of aging on the beta- and glucagon-receptor-mediated glycogenolysis in rat hepatocytes.
		The influence of aging on beta-receptor and glucagon-receptor control of glycogenolysis was investigated in rat hepatocytes.
		In contrast, glucagon-stimulated glycogenolysis, similar in mature and senescent rats, was independent on extracellular Ca2+ and was unaffected by PMA.
		We conclude that the beta-receptor component in the adrenergic regulation of glycogenolysis in senescent rats consists of a major Ca(2+)-independent and a minor Ca(2+)-dependent part, displaying different sensitivity towards protein kinase C (PKC), Ca(2+)-antagonists, and insulin.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_8231283.html (224 words)

	Abstract: 618
		Glycogen synthesis was induced with insulin and glucose and subsequently basal and glucagon-stimulated glycogenolysis was measured.
		Likewise, the inhibitory effect of Isofagomine was not potentiated in the presence of either glucose or caffeine; glucose antagonized the effect of Isofagomine.
		Inhibition of glycogenolysis is a potential means whereby the overproduction of glucose by the liver in the diabetic state may be reversed.
	www.easd.org /customfiles/easd/37th/Abs01/618.html (351 words)

	Contraction-mediated glycogenolysis in mouse skeletal muscle lacking creatine kinase: the role of phosphorylase b ...
		Phosphorylase is studied for its central role in glycogenolysis and as a model for the allosteric control of enzymes.
		This activity is almost twice that of the phosphorylase a activity measured in the CK muscle extracts after contraction, indicating that the measured phosphorylase a activity was insufficient to account for the observed rate of glycogen breakdown.
		Glycogenolysis during tetanic contraction of isolated mouse muscles in the presence and absence of phosphorylase a.
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/full/553/2/523 (5595 words)

	Functional characterization of the adenosine receptor contributing to glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in rat ...
		Functional characterization of the adenosine receptor contributing to glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in rat hepatocytes
		The adenosine receptor subtype mediating glucose production by glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis was studied in primary cultured rat hepatocytes.
		Glycogenolysis stimulated by NECA was fully inhibited by nonselective adenosine antagonists, 9-chloro-2-(2-furanyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-5-amine (CGS15943).
	www.aapspharmaceutica.com /search/view.asp?ID=38231 (247 words)

	Beta adrenergic regulation of rat liver glycogenolysis during aging. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Studies from a number of laboratories demonstrate a biphasic change in beta adrenergic regulation of hepatic glycogenolysis over the life span of the male rat.
		The prevailing view that catecholamines stimulate hepatic glycogenolysis by an alpha adrenergic receptor-mediated, cyclic AMP-independent mechanism is based almost entirely on evidence from young adult male rats.
		We propose that current concepts of alpha adrenergic-responsive liver glycogenolysis underestimate a physiological role for beta adrenergic responsiveness over the majority of the life span.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_8224032.html (190 words)

	Erowid.org: Erowid Reference 6393 : The relationship between hyperthermia and glycogenolysis in ...
		Although the exact mechanisms involved in the serotonergic neurotoxicity produced by substituted amphetamines are not completely known, evidence suggests that oxidative and/or bioenergetic stress may contribute in the mechanism of neurotoxicity of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA).
		The relationship of MDMA-induced hyperthermia and glycogenolysis in the serotonergic neurotoxicity of MDMA was investigated in the present study.
		The administration of MDMA (20 mg/kg sc) at an ambient temperature of 24 degrees C produced hyperthermia and brain glycogenolysis in Postnatal Day (PND)21 and PND70 rats; however, long-term reductions in serotonin (5-HT) concentrations in the striatum were detected only in the PND70 rats.
	www.erowid.org /references/refs_view.php?ID=6393 (224 words)

	Coaching Factors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Glycogenolysis: the breakdown of glycogen to supply glucose for glycolysis.
		Before ATP-CP stores are depleted, further ATP must be re-synthesized and this occurs during the breakdown (catabolism) of glycogen (the process of glycogenolysis) or glucose (the process of glycolysis) to pyruvic acid and eventually lactic acid.
		ATP re-synthesis through either the splitting of CP or glycogenolysis does not require oxygen and is therefore, anaerobic.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /dept/coachsci/csa/vol61/armstron.htm (455 words)

	A Computational Model for Glycogenolysis in Skeletal Muscle — CellML
		Glycogenolysis is the chemical breakdown of glycogen, the storage form of glucose present in the liver and in muscle.
		This has lead to the suggestion that the control of pathway flux may be more dependent on the general cell properties, rather than on the specific properties of the enzymes within the pathway.
		A schematic diagram of the reactions used in the model of the glycogenolysis pathway in skeletal muscle.
	www.cellml.org /models/lambeth_kushmerick_2002_version01 (405 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		GP kinase is activated via the rise in calcium, thus increasing the activation of GP, leading to increased glycogenolysis.
		In the muscle, the role of glycogen is to provide a ready store of glucose for combustion via glycolysis to generate ATP for energy.
		There are several regulatory systems in muscle to control glycogen metabolism because glycogen in the main fuel for muscle in short-term exercise and the body needs to protect itself from over-accumulation of glycogen in the muscle.
	www.fse.missouri.edu /fshn334/glymet.htm (662 words)

	[Frontiers in Bioscience 3, d1011-1027, September 15, 1998]
		The increase in lactate that results from the initial burst of glycogenolysis is followed by a decrease in muscle and blood lactate levels, despite continued muscle contractile activity, as a result of the marked slowing of glycogenolysis (151-154).
		It was thought that the rate of glycogenolysis is determined by the frequency of muscle contraction, with release of Ca from the SR during each excitation-contraction coupling resulting in conversion of inactive phosphorylase b to active phosphorylase a and a burst of glycogenolysis (155,157,159,164-166).
		It, therefore, seems probable that both the smaller initial burst of glycogenolysis and the slower rate of glycogen breakdown during continuous contractile activity is explained by the lower level of inorganic phosphate attained in trained muscles.
	www.bioscience.org /1998/V3/d/holloszy/7.htm (3961 words)

	Gap junctional communication coordinates vasopressin-induced glycogenolysis in rat hepatocytes -- Eugenín et al. ...
		Glycogenolysis induced by vasopressin is not mediated by ATP.
		Endotoxin stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver by means of intercellular communication.
		Gap junctions are upregulated by vasopressin and favor the vasopressin-induced glycogenolysis in rat hepatocytes (Abstract).
	ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/274/6/G1109 (4698 words)

	[7] INDINAVIR INCREASES HEPATIC GLUCOSE PRODUCTION IN HEALTHY HIV-NEGATIVE MEN
		This increase was driven by proportional contributions of glycogenolysis (9.5 ±0.3 vs 10.2 ±0.3 µmol/kgmin, P<0.03) and gluconeogenesis (3.0 ±0.2 vs 3 ±0.2 µmol/kgmin, P<0.14).
		The increase in glycogenolysis accounted for 75% of the increase in fasting HGP and 96% of the impairment in insulin suppression of HGP seen with indinavir.
		Glycogenolysis plays a major role in the increase in HGP in both fasting and hyperinsulinaemia.
	www.aegis.com /conferences/Lipo/2003/7.html (374 words)

	Glucose Metabolism and Regulation: Beyond Insulin and Glucagon -- Aronoff et al. 17 (3): 183 -- Diabetes Spectrum
		For nondiabetic individuals in the fasting state, plasma glucose is derived from glycogenolysis under the direction of glucagon (1).
		Insulin's role in suppressing gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis is minimal due to low insulin secretion in the fasting state (3).
		For individuals with diabetes in the fasting state, plasma glucose is derived from glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (1) under the direction of glucagon (2).
	spectrum.diabetesjournals.org /cgi/content/full/17/3/183 (4619 words)

	3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine Produces Glycogenolysis and Increases the Extracellular Concentration of Glucose in ...
		The extent to which MDMA induced glycogenolysis was dependent upon the ambient temperature at which the drug was administered.
		vitro and that 5-HT-induced glycogenolysis was attenuated by desipramine
		Quach TT, Rose C, Duchemin AM and Schwartz JC (1982) Glycogenolysis induced by serotonin in brain: identification of a new class of receptor.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/301/1/138 (4323 words)

	Adrenaline and glycogenolysis in skeletal muscle during exercise: a study in adrenalectomised humans -- Kjær et ...
		The role of adrenaline in regulating muscle glycogenolysis and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) activity during exercise was examined in six adrenaline-deficient bilaterally adrenalectomised, adrenocortico-hormonal-substituted humans (Adr) and in six healthy control individuals (Con).
		Although the role of adrenaline in regulation of muscle glycogenolysis in exercise has been emphasized, the quantitative importance of adrenaline is, however, debated.
		The aims of the present study, therefore, were to examine the effect of adrenaline on muscle glycogenolysis during exercise, and to determine for the first time the effect of exercise on HSL activity in human skeletal muscle.
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/full/528/2/371 (6193 words)

	Glucose 6-Phosphate Regulates Hepatic Glycogenolysis Through Inactivation of Phosphorylase -- Aiston et al. 52 (6): ...
		(19), and glycogenolysis was calculated from the decrease in
		phosphorylase and inhibition of glycogenolysis caused by glucose,
		Glycogenolysis was inhibited by 20 and 40% at 5 and 10 mmol/l
	diabetes.diabetesjournals.org /cgi/content/full/52/6/1333 (3990 words)

	ABC Bodybuilding: Glycogenolysis in non active muscle during exercise? What could be the reason???
		The question is in regards to glycogenolysis, or the breakdown of glycogen to form either pyruvate or lactic acid.
		Glycogenolysis is critical to exercise performance, and as exercise intensity increases we become more and more reliant on this energy pathway.
		Generated in 0.029 seconds in which 0.014 seconds were spent on a total of 12 queries.
	www.abcbodybuilding.com /forum/showthreaded.php?Number=1226721 (267 words)

	Effects of free fatty acids on hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in conscious dogs -- Chu et al. 282 (2): E402 ...
		Inhibition of net hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenic flux during the experimental period in the presence of a pancreatic clamp in conscious 18-h-fasted dogs.
		The glycogenolytic and gluconeogenic areas under the curve in the EuG study during the experimental period were 196 ± 26 and 128 ± 22 mg/kg, respectively.
		Net hepatic glycogenolysis and change in net hepatic glycogenolysis during the basal and experimental periods in the presence of a pancreatic clamp in conscious 18-h-fasted dogs.
	ajpendo.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/282/2/E402 (5835 words)

	Melanocortin-independent Effects of Leptin on Hepatic Glucose Fluxes -- Gutiérrez-Juárez et al. 279 (48): ...
		of glycogenolysis to hepatic glucose output (5, 6).
		The rate of hepatic glycogenolysis (C) was markedly suppressed by systemic leptin, but the ICV infusion of SHU9119 did not modify this effect.
		liver glycogenolysis are unknown, it is tempting to speculate
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/279/48/49704 (5430 words)

	CRISP - Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects, Abstract Display
		Hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (GNU) are the main sources of glucose 6-P required for EGP.
		Since glycogenolysis is considered to be the initial source of hepatic glucose 6-P during the early phase of hypoglycemic counterregulation, followed by activation of GNG, we hypothesize that defects in these two pathways may play a central role in the abnormal hypoglycemia counterregulation seen T1DM patients.
		Furthermore, defective glycogenolysis ma account for the impaired EGP responses due to glucose per Se.
	crisp.cit.nih.gov /crisp/CRISP_LIB.getdoc?textkey=6548934&p_grant_num=1R01DK062463-01&p_query=&ticket=1708332&p_audit_session_id=8884895&p_keywords= (374 words)

	Evidence against Glycogen Cycling of Gluconeogenic Substrates in Various Liver Preparations -- Fosgerau et al. 277 ...
		To study the effect of DAB on glycogenolysis, medium was changed after 24 h to basal medium containing 15 m
		and glycogenolysis to EGP, indicating an inhibition of gluconeogenesis
		glycogenolysis could be measured simultaneously (39), we demonstrate
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/277/32/28648 (5371 words)

	Welcome to Mercodia - US (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		This and other hypoglycaemic activities, such as the inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis are counteracted by the hyperglycaemic hormones including
		Its principal function is to control the uptake and utilisation of glucose in peripheral tissue via the glucose transporter.
		This and other hypoglycaemic activities, such as the inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis an glycogenolysis are counteracted by the hyperglycaemic hormones including
	www.mercodia.se /us/product_diabetes_area.asp?sub_id=15 (1495 words)

	Effect of epinephrine on muscle glycogenolysis during exercise in trained men -- Febbraio et al. 84 (2): 465 -- Journal ...
		Effect of epinephrine on muscle glycogenolysis during exercise in trained men -- Febbraio et al.
		Apart from an increase in glycogenolysis and glycolysis, the higher RER in Epi compared with Con, in the presence of a similar
		of glycogenolysis in human muscle in response to epinephrine infusion.
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/84/2/465 (3613 words)

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