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Topic: Glycolipid

In the News (Fri 27 Nov 09)

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	Boehringer Ingelheim News - Heinrich Wieland Prize 2006 awarded for excellence in glycolipid chemistry
		Ingelheim and Munich/Germany, 03 November 2006 - Professor Alois Fuerstner from the Max-Planck-Institute for Coal Research in Muelheim/Ruhr received this year’s Heinrich Wieland Prize for exceptional achievements in the synthesis of glycolipids.
		His work was awarded with the Heinrich Wieland Prize for its contribution to make synthetic approaches to this class of molecule possible.
		These findings are noteworthy, since they open up the field of biological evaluation of glycolipids for potential therapeutic effects.
	www.boehringer-ingelheim.com /corporate/asp/news/ndetail.asp?ID=4134 (419 words)

	LIPID RAFTS IN GLYCOLIPID STORAGE DISEASES
		The consequences of glycolipid storage on the proteome of lysosomes and late endosomes.
		Glycolipid storage diseases have varying degrees of central nervous system involvement and in Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff diseases the neuropathology is very severe and frequently lethal in early infancy.
		However, since in the glycolipid storage diseases specific glycolipids accumulate in the lysosome it is speculated that these may form a raft which sequesters raft-associated proteins and they are degraded instead of performing their normal function.
	www.bioch.ox.ac.uk /glycob/dan_sillence (770 words)

	Glycolipids
		The presence of glycolipids in photosynthetic membranes has been shown to reduce freeze-thaw induced cellular damage and in certain marine organisms they play a key role in regulating the osmotic strength.
		Recent experiments have confirmed the importance of glycolipids in the maintenance of photosynthesis with GGLs being found to be closely associated to the PSII complex.
		Even stronger evidence comes from the observation that the addition of a neutral, synthetic glycolipid to phospholipid liposomes containing a reconstituted cyanobacterial photosystem II complex resulted in a six-fold increase in the light-induced oxygen-evolving activity.
	www.ch.ic.ac.uk /liquid_crystal/html/glycolipids.html (500 words)

	Glycolipids
		Glycolipids are glycosyl derivatives of lipids such as acylglycerols, ceramides and prenols.
		The structures of glycolipids are often complex and difficult to reproduce in the text of articles and certainly cannot be referred to in oral discussions without a nomenclature that implies specific chemical structural features.
		More information on the structures of various glycolipids and the biological material from which they were obtained may be found in several reviews [14-16].
	www.chem.qmul.ac.uk /iupac/misc/glylp.html (2790 words)

	Carbohydrates act as receptors for the periodontitis-associated bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis: a study of ...
		Approximately 2–10 µg of the glycolipid mixtures were added to the lanes (1–5), depending on their complexity.
		Approximately 2–10 µg of the glycolipid mixtures were added to the lanes (1–11), depending on their complexity.
		The lanes contained acid glycolipid fractions from kidney A (lane 1, reference), ganglioside fraction from pig heart (lane 2), sulfatide fraction from pig heart (lane 3), ganglioside fraction from pig kidney (lane 4), and sulfatide fraction from pig kidney (lane 5).
	glycob.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/14/6/511 (4966 words)

	Degradation of blood group A glycolipid A-6-2 by normal and mutant human skin fibroblasts -- Asfaw et al. 39 (9): 1768 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Degradation of glycolipid A-6-2 and of the pentaglycosylceramide isolated from cells, by purified glycosidases in vitro.
		Tritium-labeled glycolipid A-6-2 was incorporated into preformed phosphatidylcholine liposomes as detailed in Experimental Procedures (1.28 nmol glycolipid/32 µmol phospholipid) and apolipoprotein E was added (1 µg/µmol total lipid).
		Glycolipid H-5-2 (0.58 nmol), prepared from A-6-2 by enzymatic degradation as described in Experimental Procedures, was incorporated into preformed phosphatidylcholine liposomes.
	www.jlr.org /cgi/content/full/39/9/1768 (6624 words)

	LA4 glycolipid Antibody (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		glycolipid; the epitope is an alpha-galactose extended lactoseries carbohydrate that may also be present on proteins
		Dodd, J., and Jessell, T.M. Lactoseries carbohydrates specify subsets of dorsal root ganglion neurons projecting to the superficial dorsal horn of rat spinal cord.
		Chou, D.K.H., Dodd, J., Jessell, T.M., Costello, C.E., and Jungalwala, F.B. Identification of alpha-galactose (alpha-fucose)-asialo-GM1 glycolipid expressed by subsets of rat dorsal ganglion neurons.
	www.uiowa.edu /~dshbwww/la4.html (125 words)

	Glycoglycerolipids-Quantification
		An aliquot of the total glycolipid fraction is mildly saponified as previously described for the preparation of ceramide-containing lipids.
		As the molar proportions of the sugar residues in a given glycolipid or in an extract may not be known, the procedure is not definitive.
		The total glycolipid fraction is mildly saponified as described above for the analysis of the sugar moiety and fatty acids are extracted from the mixture by 2 hexane washes after acidification with 4M HCl in the presence of phenolphthalein.
	www.cyberlipid.org /glyt/glyt0004.htm (709 words)

	glycolipids
		glycolipids are membrane components composed of lipids that are covalently bonded to monosaccharides or polysaccharides.
		The A type glycolipid has the same carbohydrate composition as does the type O antigen with the addition of a additional N-Acetylgalactosamine which is the A type antigenic determinant.
		The B type glycolipid has the same carbohydrate composition as does the type O antigen with the addition of an additional galactose which is the B type antigenic determinant.
	academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu /biology/bio4fv/page/glycol.htm (229 words)

	Quantitative and Qualitative Differences in the In Vivo Response of NKT Cells to Distinct {alpha}- and {beta}-Anomeric ...
		In vivo dynamics of the NKT cell population in response to distinct glycolipids.
		cells were restimulated in vitro with glycolipids at a concentration of 100 ng/ml and cultured in the presence of Golgi Plug for 6 h to induce the intracellular accumulation of cytokines.
		Mice were injected with glycolipids, and after different time points, spleen cells were cultured in medium (C and E) or PMA (20 ng/ml) plus ionomycin (1 µM) (D) in the presence of Golgi Plug for 6 h to allow intracellular cytokine accumulation.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/173/6/3693 (6319 words)

	Inhibition of glycolipid shedding rescues recognition of a CD1+ T cell lymphoma by natural killer T (NKT) cells -- ...
		Neoplastic transformation of cells is accompanied by an aberration of cell surface glycolipid composition.
		Inhibitory effect of glycolipids on NKT cell recognition of L-CD1d1WT cells is CD1d1-mediated.
		The mechanism of the inhibitory action of these glycolipids on antigen presentation is as yet unknown.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/99/12/8197 (4574 words)

	Mutation of {beta}-glucosidase 2 causes glycolipid storage disease and impaired male fertility -- Yildiz et al. 116 ...
		Glycolipids are an abundant and diverse class of lipids in mammalian
		A glycolipid that accumulated with age in knockout tissue is marked "X" at right.
		Glycolipids were visualized in the testes of 6- and 14-month-old wild-type (A and C) and knockout (B and D) mice by periodic acid Schiff staining of 8-µm sections.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/116/11/2985 (5476 words)

	University of Toronto Biochemistry - Faculty
		Globotriaosyl ceramide (Gb) binding is the mechanism by which verotoxin targets renal endothelial cells to initiate the pathology which is characteristic of hemolytic uremic syndrome.
		Our interests are focused on the role of glycolipid receptor heterogeneity in determining the sensitivity of cells to verotoxin-induced apoptosis and intracellular targeting of the toxin.
		This is related to the (lipid determined) organization of the glycolipid within the membrane bilayer.
	biochemistry.utoronto.ca /lingwood/bch.html (593 words)

	New Approach for the Treatment of Gauchers Disease
		The enzyme in question is responsible for the first step in the formation of glycolipids (fatty molecules modified by the addition of sugars), which involves the attachment of glucose to the lipid.
		The non-degraded glycolipids accumulate over time in the lysosomes and result in a number of different symptoms, depending on the type of glycolipid which the individual cannot degrade.
		In the glycolipid lysosomal storage diseases, the defective enzyme cannot cope with all the molecules the cell needs to degrade, because their formation and turn-over carries on in an unregulated manner.
	www.gaucher.org.uk /butters.htm (852 words)

	Biochemical and Biological Characterization of the Protective Leishmania pifanoi Amastigote Antigen P-8 -- Colmenares ...
		Glycolipids were extracted from either immunopurified P-8 or from total amastigote cells by the glycolipid extraction procedure
		Glycolipids from immunopurified P-8 were isolated as described in Materials and Methods, and the fractionated upper (1) and lower (2) phases were analyzed by HPTLC using solvent A and immunostained with MAb P-8.
		Glycolipids were subjected to PI-PLC digestion and compared to untreated samples by analysis on HPTLC using solvent B, and then detection with orcinol.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/69/11/6776 (5023 words)

	eMedicine - Gaucher Disease : Article by Margaret McGovern, MD, PhD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Pathophysiology: Glucosylceramide, the accumulated glycolipid, is derived primarily from the phagocytosis and degradation of senescent leukocytes and, to a lesser extent, from erythrocyte membranes.
		Neuronal cell loss in patients with types 2 and 3 disease presumably results from accumulation of the cytotoxic glycolipid, glucosphingosine, in the brain due to the severe deficiency of acid beta-glucosidase activity.
		On liver biopsy, glycolipid-laden Gaucher cells are evident in the sinusoids, but the hepatocytes do not manifest overt glycolipid storage, presumably because of biliary excretion of glucocerebroside and the fact that exogenous glycolipid turnover is handled by the mononuclear phagocytes.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic837.htm (4234 words)

	RedOrbit - Science - Cryptosporidium; Glycolipid antigen from Cryptosporidium parvum characterized
		According to a study from the United States and Scotland, "Cryptosporidium parvum, an Apicomplexan parasite of the mammalian gut epithelium, causes a diarrheal illness in a wide range of hosts and is transmitted by contamination of food or water with oocyst- laden feces from an infected animal.
		We are currently working to determine the role that these glycolipids may play in the development of disease and in the clearance of infection."
		Priest and his coauthors published the results of their research in the Journal of Biological Chemistry (Characterization of a low molecular weight glycolipid antigen from Cryptosporidium parvum.
	www.redorbit.com /news/science/44084/cryptosporidium_glycolipid_antigen_from_cryptosporidium_parvum_characterized/index.html (378 words)

	Cereal Chem 2000 \| NIR Transmittance Estimation of Free Lipid Content and Its Glycolipid and Digalactosyldiglyceride ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Absorbance (log 1/T) values were measured using a scanning spectrophotometer with a 2-mm cuvette, and used to develop calibration models for estimating flour FL content and glycolipid (GL) and digalactosyldiglyceride (DGDG) contents.
		Fifty-one calibration samples were selected based on the cutoff point of 0.3 of Mahalanobis distance, and the remaining twenty-one samples were used for validation.
		Glycolipid contents could be estimated by a model which had R(^2) = 0.87 for the calibration set and R(^2) = 0.89 for the validation set.
	www.aaccnet.org /cerealchemistry/abstracts/2000/0808-07R.asp (339 words)

	Determination of the Upper Size Limit for Uptake and Processing of Ligands by the Asialoglycoprotein Receptor on ...
		the glycolipid was evidenced by comigration of the radiolabeled
		Alternatively, liposomally incorporated glycolipid was separated from unincorporated glycolipid by fast protein liquid chromatography, the galactose content of the resulting fractions was determined, and the number of glycolipid molecules per particle was calculated (C).
		glycolipid by hepatocytes indicates that, in contrast to Gal clusters,
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/276/40/37577 (5946 words)

	Interaction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 with a galactoglycerolipid associated ...
		Consistent with a structure similar to galactosylceramide, the sperm glycolipid is capable of binding gp120.
		On the basis of preliminary biochemical analysis this glycolipid was tentatively classified as a galactosylalkylacylglycerolipid (GalAAG), the nonsulfated form of the seminolipid, a glycolipid known to be present in the testis and germ cells of mammals.
		These data indicate that human sperm express a glycolipid similar in structure to the receptor for HIV described on the CD4- neural and colonic epithelial cell lines, and moreover suggest that this glycolipid could also function as HIV receptor and possibly be implicated in its transmission.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1996/oct/M96A0712.html (465 words)

	UMass Amherst Microbiology \| Faculty
		The Glycolipid Exoantigen of Chlamydia is displayed on the surfaces of infected cells (A) when fixed with paraformaldehyde but is only seen associated with the inclusion when methanol fixed (B).
		The glycolipid exoantigen,GLXA, enhances chlamydial infectivity in vitro and in the murine genital tract.
		Oral vaccine comprising anti-idiotypic antibody to Chlamydia glycolipid exoantigen.
	www.bio.umass.edu /micro/faculty/stuart.html (565 words)

	Glycolipid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		They extend from the phospholipid bilayer into the aqueous environment outside the cell where it acts as a recognition site for specific chemicals as well as helping to maintain the stability of the membrane and attaching cells to one another to form tissues.
		The following is an incomplete listing of glycolipid types.
		This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Glycolipid (139 words)

	Combinatorial Ganglioside Biosynthesis -- Kolter et al. 277 (29): 25859 -- Journal of Biological Chemistry
		Glycolipid patterns vary between different cell types and change with the differentiation of the cell (5).
		concentrations of the glycolipid substrates in intact cells (48).
		Negatively charged glycolipids of the cell surface are not necessarily derived from glucosylceramide but also from galactosylceramide.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/277/29/25859 (4077 words)

	Molecular cloning and expression of a novel glycolipid sulfotransferase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Rivera-Marrero ...
		Molecular cloning and expression of a novel glycolipid sulfotransferase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Rivera-Marrero et al.
		Glycolipids were extracted by a modification of the Folch method
		Sulfation of glycolipids results in increased polarity and slower migration on silica plates.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/148/3/783 (4106 words)

	Experimental drug reverses effects of Fabry disease
		The large dark objects are vesicles filled with glycolipids; the circular object on the right is the cell’s nucleus.
		When treated for eight weeks with twice-daily injections, glycolipid levels after treatment were lower than they were before treatment began—a result Shayman described as the most unexpected in the study.
		Although caused by different missing enzymes, all seven diseases are characterized by accumulations of similar types of glycolipids in different organs in the body.
	www.umich.edu /~urecord/9900/Jun19_00/12.htm (691 words)

	STOP HUS Conference
		Nyholm, P.-G. and Pascher, I. (1993) Steric presentation and recognition of the saccharide chains of glycolipids at the cell surface: Favoured conformations of the saccharide-lipid linkage calculated using molecular mechanics(MM3).
		Khine, A. and Lingwood, C. (1994) Capping and receptor mediated endocytosis of cell bound verotoxin(Shiga-like toxin) 1; Chemical identification of an amino acid in the B subunit necessary for efficient receptor glycolipid binding and cellular internalization.
		Sandvig, K., Garred, Ø., van Helvoort, A., van Meer, G. and van Deurs, B. (1996) Importance of glycolipid synthesis for butyric acid-induced sensitization to Shiga toxin and intracellular sorting of toxin in A431 cells.
	www.safetables.org /Victim_Support/husconference/accred/references.html (4480 words)

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