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| | The Principate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25) |
 | | The first triumvirate, between Gaius Iulius Cæsar, Gnæus Pompeius Magnus and Lucius Licinius Crassus finally settled the political struggle in favour of the populares, but with the coming of this dominant faction, other problems arose when Crassus was slain in battle against the Parthians in 53 BC. |
 | | The paranoia between Cæsar and Pompeius, who claimed to fight for the restoration of the republic, resulted in a new civil war that ended in favour of Cæsar, after which he assumed the sole leadership of the Roman "republic", which only nominally existed at that time. |
 | | Partially out of fear of Cæsar's ambitions as a future monarch, and a resurgence of republican feelings, he was killed by Cassius and Brutus, who were in turn defeated by the second triumvirate, which consisted of the veteran politician Marcus Antonius, the aforementioned young Octavianus - adopted by Cæsar - and Marcus Lepidus. |
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