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Topic: GnRH agonist

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Michelle Bass

Penny Press

William Carey College

Mick Harford

	Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its agonist inhibit testicular luteinizing hormone receptor and steroidogenesis in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The direct effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its agonist on testicular LH receptor and steroidogenesis was studied in hypophysectomized immature and adult rats.
		The inhibitory effect of GnRH was shown to be the result of decreases in the concentration of LH receptor rather than changes in the receptor affinity (Kd = 1.1 X 10(-10)M).
		Similar inhibitory effects of GnRH and the agonist on testicular LH receptor were demonstrated in adult hypophysectomized rats.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_6250797.html (338 words)

	IVFme Doctors Pages
		GnRH agonists were reported in a meta-analysis to result in a two-fold increase of the pregnancy rate, although most of the difference was noted in those studies in which the control group was taking clomiphene citrate/hMG (probably because of the anti-estrogen effect of clomiphene).
		The LHRH (GnRH) was isolated from hypothalamic extracts and its decapeptide amino acid sequence was established in 1971.
		The use of a GnRH agonist is known to be associated with an increased risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and its sequelae, especially in patients with polycystic ovaries (PCO).
	www.khosoba.com /doctors/debate/4x2003/First.php (4611 words)

	What about GnRH agonists? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		GnRH agonists such as Synarel, Lupron and Zoladex are the heirs to danazol.
		An early report 54 on the efficacy of one GnRH agonist, buserelin, assessed response of the endometrium rather than endometriosis, assessed the visual appearance of endometriosis at the conclusion of therapy when errors of visual identification are common, 40 and spoke of disappearance and resorption of lesions without biopsy proof.
		The definite impression was left that GnRH agonist therapy resulted in physical eradication of disease.
	www.endometriosistreatment.org /html/question11.html (1810 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		The use of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists with gonadotropins has resulted in greater ease of planning the superovulation stimulation than was possible with the earlier use of clomiphene citrate (CC) with gonadotropins (1).
		The agonist schedule of treatment is likely to cost toward the higher end of the range since women tend to use the agonist for longer periods of time before starting gonadotrophins.
		Comparable clinical outcome using the GnRH antagonist ganirelix or a long protocol of the GnRH agonist triptorelin for the prevention of premature LH surges in women undergoing ovarian stimulation.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?mf05009 (2461 words)

	Changes in Uterine Volume from GnRH Agonist Therapy American Family Physician - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		GnRH agonists have also been shown to affect the blood flow through the uterine artery.
		The degree of uterine shrinkage with GnRH agonist therapy was negatively correlated with initial uterine volume.
		The authors conclude that treatment with a GnRH agonist leads to uterine shrinkage and an increase in the uterine artery pulsatility index even in the absence of uterine fibroids.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_8_59/ai_54567551 (475 words)

	MMWH: GnRH Agonist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		GnRH agonist interrupts the signals from the brain to the ovaries.
		GnRH agonist produces a state of pseudo-menopause – that is, it "tricks" the body into thinking it is in menopause.
		GnRH agonist is administered every 28 days for the duration of the treatment period.
	www.mmwh.com /patedu/gnrh.htm (576 words)

	Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist) is a synthetic peptide modeled after the hypothalamic neurohormone GnRH that interacts with its receptor to elicit its biologic response, the release of the pituitary hormones FSH and LH.
		GnRH agonists are synthetically modeled after the natural GnRH decapeptide with specific amino acid substitutions typically in position 6 and 10.
		Typically, after GnRH agonists have induced a state of hypoestrogenism, exogenous FSH is given to stimulate ovarian follicle, followed by human chorionic gonadotropins (hCG) to trigger ovulation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/GnRH_agonist (453 words)

	GnRH agonist in prostate cancer
		Usually, when the structure of a natural compound such as GnRH is elucidated, the goal of organic chemists is to synthesize analogues which are more potent than the natural compound, in order to use such compounds at low doses in the treatment of diseases resulting from a deficiency of the natural compound.
		Since then, all GnRH agonists commercially available world-wide have shown 100% efficacy in blocking testicular androgen secretion, and castration levels of serum testosterone are known to be maintained as long as treatment continues (Figures 1 and 2).
		In fact, GnRH agonists exert effects which are aso limited to the blockade of testicular androgens.
	www.fernand.labrie.crchul.ulaval.ca /flabrie/pub/231.htm (4007 words)

	Procedures - In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) - Medication Protocols (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		With this protocol, the GnRH agonist is started early in the menstrual cycle (cycle day 1 or 2) to take advantage of the initial release of stored gonadotropins from the pituitary gland (flare) and gonadotropins are often then initiated on cycle day 2 or 3 (for additional kick).
		Other strategies used with poor responders include increasing the dose of gonadotropins administered, reducing the amount of GnRH agonist given (after initiation in the midluteal phase the GnRH agonist may be stopped entirely at the onset of the cycle without known adverse effect), and co-treatment with growth hormone.
		High responders seem to do well with a low dose GnRH agonist long protocol (half the usual dose:.5mg a day initiated in the midluteal phase and.25 mg a day when gonadotropins are initiated through administration of hCG) and only 2 ampules (150 IU) of gonadotropin at the onset of the stimulation portion of the cycle.
	www.infertilitytutorials.com /procedures_members/protocols.cfm (889 words)

	Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A GnRH analogue is designed to interact with the GnRH receptor and modify the release of pituitary gonadotropins FSH and LH for therapeutic purposes.
		Initially it was thought that agonists would be able to be used as potent and prolonged stimulators of pituitary gonadotropin release, but it was soon recognized that agonists, after their initial stimulating action – termed a “flare” effect -, eventually caused a paradoxical and sustained drop in gonadotropin secretion.
		The GnRH agonist is primarily used in IVF treatments to block natural ovulation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gonadotropin-releasing_hormone_analog (275 words)

	Restoration of Spermatogenesis in Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)-Treated Rats by Hormone Suppression -- Meistrich et al. ...
		Rats treated with GnRH agonist and killed 10 weeks after the end of the GnRH-agonist treatment are indicated by the shaded bars.
		Open bars—no GnRH; shaded bars—GnRH agonist given for 10 weeks followed by 10 weeks of recovery; in the case of DBCP exposure, GnRH treatment was started 1 day after the last dose of DBCP.
		Setchell, B. P., Ploen, L., and Ritzen, E. Reduction of long-term effects of local heating of the testis by treatment of rats with a GnRH agonist and an anti-androgen.
	toxsci.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/76/2/418 (5269 words)

	Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor-targeted gene therapy of gynecologic cancers -- Gründker et al. 4 (2): 225 ...
		A GnRH agonist (e.g., triptorelin) induces activation of NF in GnRH-R-positive cancer cells (Fig.
		To examine GnRH agonist triptorelin-induced activation of NF in vivo, mice bearing endometrial or ovarian tumors i.p.
		Due to the tissue specific expression and signaling of GnRH-R, GnRH agonist triptorelin-induced activation of NF B is limited to the reproductive tissues and their carcinomas.
	mct.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/4/2/225 (3307 words)

	Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor in Ovarian Endometriomas Following GnRH Agonist Therapy -- SUZUMORI et al. 97 ...
		On Northern blot analysis, the expected 0.7-kilo-basepairs band for secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor mRNA is indicated by an arrow in the sample from ovarian endometrioma in an untreated woman (lane 1).
		Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 concentrations are attenuated in peritoneal fluid and sera of women with endometriosis and restored in sera by gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy.
		Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) therapy alters activity of plasminogen activators, matrix metalloproteinases, and their inhibitors in rat models for adhesion formation and endometriosis: Potential GnRH-a-regulated mechanisms reducing adhesion formation.
	www.greenjournal.org /cgi/content/full/97/4/561 (2207 words)

	SUPRELORIN®: DESLORELIN GnRH AGONIST IMPLANTS FOR CONTRACEPTION:
		is sponsoring a basic research study of the efficacy of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist deslorelin (Suprelorin®) in implant form.
		A.G., and Walsh, J. (2001) Use of a GnRH analogue implant to produce reversible long-term suppression of reproductive function in male and female domestic dogs.
		The initial effect of deslorelin, as a GnRH agonist, is to stimulate the reproductive system: GnRH causes pituitary FSH and LH release that then stimulate follicle growth, estrogen secretion, and ovulation in females, and testosterone and spermatogenesis in males.
	www.stlzoo.org /downloads/DeslorelinRegistrationForm.htm (1451 words)

	Pituitary and Gonadal Effects of GnRH (Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone) Analogues in Two Peripubertal Female Rat Models ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		GnRH expression was investigated in the POA of the hypothalamus,
		The GnRH receptor itself is subject to regulation by GnRH (23–25).
		correlates with the sensitivity of the pituitary to GnRH (26).
	www.pedresearch.org /cgi/content/full/55/1/126 (4024 words)

	Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer -- Labrie et al. 26 (3): 361 -- Endocrine ...
		Effect of twice daily intranasal administration of the GnRH agonist buserelin on the serum levels of testosterone (A) and DHT (B) in a patient suffering from stage B prostate cancer (30).
		Effect of 1-month treatment with the GnRH agonist buserelin (500 µg/d, sc) and the pure antiandrogen RU-23908 (Anandron; 100 mg, three times daily, orally) on serum LH measured by RIA and by the mouse Leydig cell bioassay.
		Inhibitory effect of 3 and 6 months of treatment with the combination of a GnRH agonist and flutamide (250 mg, three times a day) on the volume of the cancer measured on the radical prostatectomy specimens (85 86).
	edrv.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/26/3/361 (7769 words)

	Dissecting Autocrine Effects on Pulsatile Release of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Cultured Rat Hypothalamic Tissue ...
		GnRH autoregulation, although the analysis is not unequivocal.
		The characteristics of pulsatile GnRH release assessed were mean GnRH release (A), pulse nadir (B), pulse amplitude (C), and pulse frequency (D).
		Representative cases of GnRH release during perifusion of enzymatically dispersed rat hypothalami challenged with vehicle (A), 10 nM AG (B), and two cases treated with 10 nM GnRH ANT#1 (C, D).
	www.ebmonline.org /cgi/content/full/229/1/56 (3788 words)

	Effects of a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Implant on Reproduction in a Male Marsupial, Macropus eugenii -- ...
		Influence of continuous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist treatment on luteinizing hormone and testosterone secretion, the response to GnRH, and the testicular response to human chorionic gonadotropin in male rhesus monkeys.
		Influence of the gonad on the degree of suppression induced by an LHRH agonist implant in the marmoset monkey.
		Endocrine and reproductive responses of male and female cattle to agonists of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.
	www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/70/6/1836 (5112 words)

	Neurocrine Biosciences - GnRH Antagonist: Prostate Cancer & Women's Health
		Although indicated for endometriosis, medical therapies, such as the injectable GnRH agonist leuprolide or injectable progesterone, are associated with a range of potentially unacceptable side effects including bone loss.
		Based on the number of endometriosis sufferers and the significant level of unmet need, we believe a highly attractive commercial opportunity exists for a new product that is able to offer patients and prescribers effective control of endometriosis symptoms with limited side effects.
		In contrast to GnRH agonists, there was no increase in hot flashes reporting by the NBI-56418 treated groups compared with placebo, menstrual cycles and ovulation were normal in the 3-month follow-up period off treatment.
	www.neurocrine.com /html/clin_gnrh.html (541 words)

	Chronic Treatment with an Agonist of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Enhances Luteal Function in Cattle -- Davis et al. ...
		downregulation of GnRH receptors at the pituitary [7].
		Antifertility effects of LHRH agonists in the male rat and inhibition of testicular steroidogenesis in man. Int J Fertil 1980 25:157-170
		Gong JG, Bramley TA, Gutierrez CG, Peters AR, Webb R. Effects of chronic treatment with a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist on peripheral concentrations of FSH and LH, and ovarian function in heifers.
	www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/69/2/398 (4605 words)

	The Role of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Murine Preimplantation Embryonic Development -- Raga et al. 140 (8): 3705 ...
		GnRH antagonist from the pituitary receptors and reestablish
		the agonist on the embryo and maternal endometrium (41).
		Embryo implantation and GnRH antagonists: Embryo implantation: the Rubicon for GnRH antagonists
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/140/8/3705 (5254 words)

	Endocrine Profiles after Triggering of Final Oocyte Maturation with GnRH Agonist after Cotreatment with the GnRH ...
		by recombinant FSH (Puregon), and the GnRH antagonist ganirelix
		GnRH or GnRH agonist, resulting in a surge of endogenous LH and FSH.
		GnRH agonist or hCG administration; at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/87/2/709 (5540 words)

	JRM Mar1998: Bone Densitometry as an Adjunct to GnRH Agonist Therapy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		However, if a measurement is low (>1 SD below the mean, putting her in the lower 15%), then it is advisable to have a spinal measurement by quantitative computed tomography or dual energy x-ray absorptiometry before and after therapy to determine what the bone changes are and to follow-up after the end of treatment.
		This is especially true if she decides to become pregnant, needs retreatment with a GnRH agonist or will be going through natural menopause in the near future; all can cause further bone loss.
		Bone loss is transient with GnRH treatment, but only spinal measurements have sufficient sensitivity to follow patients and evaluate the skeletal changes in a meaningful way.
	www.jreprodmed.com /abs/JRM401.htm (508 words)

	Estrogen Mini-Dose Replacement during GnRH Agonist Therapy in Central Precocious Puberty: A Pilot Study -- Lampit et ...
		Estrogen Mini-Dose Replacement during GnRH Agonist Therapy in Central Precocious Puberty: A Pilot Study -- Lampit et al.
		GnRH agonist therapy of patients with CPP, growth is often suppressed
		Paul D, Conte FA, Grumbach MM, Kaplan SL 1995 Long-term effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy on final and near-final height in 26 children with true precocious puberty treated at a median age of less than 5 years.
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/87/2/687 (2564 words)

	An agonist-induced switch in G protein coupling of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor regulates pulsatile ...
		GnRH pulses were identified and their parameters determined by computerized cluster analysis (18).
		GnRH peak amplitude as a consequence of the marked increase in
		monotonic increase and cessation of pulsatile GnRH release and
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/100/5/2969 (4483 words)

	GnRH agonist (buserelin) or hCG for ovulation induction in GnRH antagonist IVF/ICSI cycles: a prospective randomized ...
		GnRH agonist (buserelin) or hCG for ovulation induction in GnRH antagonist IVF/ICSI cycles: a prospective randomized study -- Humaidan et al.
		GnRH agonist (buserelin) or hCG for ovulation induction in GnRH antagonist IVF/ICSI cycles: a prospective randomized study
		Ovulation was induced with GnRH agonist in 55 patients and hCG
	humrep.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/20/5/1213 (867 words)

	GnRH agonist and Prostate Cancer
		The use of a GnRH agonist as a prostate cancer hormone therapy is also known as chemical castration.
		The GnRH agonist mimics normal GnRH and occupies the pituitary’s gland receptors which causes the testicles to begin producing large amounts of testosterone.
		The GnRH agonist has a longer biological half-life than normal GnRH, so the GnRH agonist continues to occupy the receptors.
	www.prostate-cancer.com /prostate-cancer-glossary/GnRH-agonist.html (137 words)

	Hormonal Treatment after Cytotoxic Therapy Stimulates Recovery of Spermatogenesis -- Meistrich et al. 59 (15): 3557 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		was evident in 93% of the tubules of the irradiated, GnRH agonist-treated
		GnRH agonists should be considered for such a protocol because
		Ward J. A., Furr B. A., Valcaccia B., Curry B., Bardin C. W., Gunsalus G. L., Morris I. Prolonged suppression of rat testis function by a depot formulation of Zoladex, a GnRH agonist.
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/59/15/3557 (3573 words)

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