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Topic: GnRH analog

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	OBGYN.net Alternatives to Hysterectomy: Endometrial Ablation
		GnRH analog therapy is particularly helpful, if the patient is anemic, by allowing the hemoglobin to build up during the two months she is not having a menstrual period.
		GnRH analogs, secondly, decrease the uterine volume and the size of myomas, which may allow them to be removed more easily.
		GnRH analog therapy may be particularly useful in patients who have an intracavitary or submucous myoma where the most difficult step is to bring the resected myoma out thought the cervix.
	www.obgyn.net /displayarticle.asp?page=/AH/articles/ablrecfib/ablrecfib (4797 words)

	Induction of ovulation
		Pretreatment of patients with GnRH analogs prevents premature LH surges (20,22) thus lowering the cancellation rate of IVF cycles significantly; LH surges may in fact occur prematurely—before the follicles have reached maturity—causing luteinization and disruption of normal follicle and oocyte development.
		GnRH administration not only eliminates premature LH surges but also efficiently controls tonic levels of LH which is very important, especially in cases of polycystic ovarian disease (14).
		GnRH analog use according to the short protocol has proved to be efficient in preventing premature LH surges.
	www.gfmer.ch /Books/Reproductive_health/Induction_ovulation.html (1756 words)

	Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors -- Millar et al. 25 (2): 235 -- Endocrine Reviews
		ligand for the Drosophila GnRH receptor homolog is not a GnRH,
		GnRH was docked in the ß-II’ folded conformation (18 54 57) to the human GnRH receptor model built by homology modeling using the rhodopsin x-ray structure as a template.
		GnRH, the ligand was satisfactorily docked in the ß-II’ turned conformation to the identified contact sites in a putative active conformation of the receptor in which all of the experimentally identified binding interactions are accommodated (146).
	edrv.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/25/2/235 (7575 words)

	Medical Articles of Interest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		GnRH agonists are a member of a class of drugs known as gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs.
		GnRH analogs are given intramuscularly, and then work by blocking the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor sites in the pituitary gland.
		GnRH analogs also have been used to diminish or shrink uterine fibroid size in order to perform a vaginal rather than an abdominal hysterectomy and also to diminish the size of the uterine fibroids before proceeding with a myomectomy or removal of the uterine fibroids from the uterus.
	www.obgyngroup.com /Library/med-g100.html (310 words)

	WVU :: School of Medicine :: WV Center for Reproductive Medicine
		Gonadotropin releasing hormone analog (GnRH-a) causes an initial stimulation of FSH and LH release but is followed approximately a week later by absence of release of FSH and LH.
		The GnRH antagonist prevents a spontaneous surge of LH.
		In contrast to the GnRH analog, there is no initial stimulation of FSH and LH.
	www.hsc.wvu.edu /som/obgyn/wvucrm/treatmentProtocols.asp (1498 words)

	Hexapeptide and Cyclic Pentapeptide Endothelin Antagonists Directly Activate Pituitary Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ...
		The in vivo potency of this fragment for LH release in the rat
		Nonspecific binding was determined in the presence of 1 µM of GnRH or of ET-1 and subtracted from the total binding for the calculation of specific binding.
		Peishoff CE, Janes RW and Wallace BA (1995) Comparison of the structures of the endothelin A receptor antagonists BQ123 and N-methyl leucine BQ123 with the crystal structure of the C-terminal tail of endothelin-1.
	molpharm.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/57/4/718 (4538 words)

	Gonadotropin-releasing hormone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kisspeptin appears to be an important regulator of GNRH release.
		Modifications of the decapeptide structure of GNRH1 have led to GNRH1 analog medications that either stimulate (GNRH1 agonists) or suppress (GNRH1 antagonists) the gonadotropins.
		GnRH - GHRH - somatostatin - dopamine
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/GnRH (758 words)

	SART - Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology
		Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) is a hormone produced in the brain that indirectly stimulates ovarian function.
		Agonists of GnRH are synthetic forms of this hormone which do not directly induce follicle development or ovulation but which have become very important in ART therapy.
		Agonists of GnRH (such as Lupron®) initially stimulate the pituitary gland to release all the stored gonadotropins (LH and FSH -the hormones that normally stimulate ovarian function).
	www.sart.org /Guide_ARTMedications.html (2389 words)

	Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A GnRH analogue is designed to interact with the GnRH receptor and modify the release of pituitary gonadotropins FSH and LH for therapeutic purposes.
		Shortly after the discovery of GnRH by Nobel laureates Guillemin and Schally researchers tried to modify the GnRH decapeptide with the intent to synthesize stimulating and blocking variants.
		The GnRH agonist is primarily used in IVF treatments to block natural ovulation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gonadotropin-releasing_hormone_analog (275 words)

	Peptide hormones (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This is important, since Leuprolide Acetate (Lupron®) is a GnRH agonist and is indicated for the use of advanced prostate cancer due to its ability to decrease testosterone levels in the long run.
		GnRH agonists and antagonists are being developed in attempts to produce female and male contraceptives and fertility agents.
		GnRH therapies have been indicated for the treatment of endometriosis, uterine fibroids, polycystic ovarian disease, precocious puberty, and prostate, breast and ovarian cancer.
	www.neurosci.pharm.utoledo.edu /MBC3320/TRH.htm (1911 words)

	Evidence for Different Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Response Sites in Rat Ovarian and Pituitary Cells -- Mongiat et ...
		GnRH and GnRH receptor genes in the human genome.
		Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and GnRH-receptor gene expression in human myometrium and leiomyomata and the direct action of GnRH analogs on myometrial smooth muscle cells and interaction with ovarian steroids in vitro.
		Evidence that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) II stimulates luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone secretion from monkey pituitary cultures by activating the GnRH I receptor.
	www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/71/2/464 (3993 words)

	[No title]
		Although their study did not directly compare agents, the researchers attributed the effectiveness of the GnRH analog to a more complete inhibition of testosterone secretion and action than is associated with medroxyprogesterone.
		Triptorelin, unavailable in the United States, is similar to the long-acting GnRH analogs leuprolide (Lupron) and goserelin (Zoladex), which are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for such indications as prostatic cancer, central precocious puberty and endometriosis.
		Antiandrogens like cyproterone or medroxyprogesterone may also be useful in initial combination with a GnRH analog, Bradford suggested, to counter the possible increase in libido and abnormal sexual thoughts during the first four to six weeks of GnRH treatment when serum testosterone concentrations are elevated.
	www.psychiatrictimes.com /p980401b.html (1135 words)

	Story of Discovery: Finding the Master Reproductive Hormone
		GnRH was later found in a number of species, including human beings.
		The next step for researchers was to develop GnRH analogs--substances that are similar to GnRH chemically but, due to minor substitutions in their chemical makeup, might work more effectively than GnRH itself.
		For example, researchers found that injecting experimental animals with a large dose of a GnRH analog first stimulated a surge of reproductive hormones and then led to their complete suppression.
	www.nichd.nih.gov /news/resources/discovery/2004/master_hormone.cfm (520 words)

	Dissecting Autocrine Effects on Pulsatile Release of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Cultured Rat Hypothalamic Tissue ...
		GnRH autoregulation, although the analysis is not unequivocal.
		Representative cases of GnRH release during perifusion of enzymatically dispersed rat hypothalami challenged with vehicle (A), 10 nM AG (B), and two cases treated with 10 nM GnRH ANT#1 (C, D).
		Antagonism of luteinizing hormone release and of ovulation by an analog of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.
	www.ebmonline.org /cgi/content/full/229/1/56 (3788 words)

	Action of Chicken II GnRH on the Human Placenta -- Siler-Khodr and Grayson 86 (2): 804 -- Journal of Clinical ...
		II GnRH was compared with that of mammalian GnRH and its analogs.
		RIA for chicken II GnRH, the pulsatile release of chicken II GnRH from the early human placenta was demonstrated.
		The pulsatile release of chicken II GnRH from an early human placental tissue throughout 5.5 h of perifusion is shown.
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/86/2/804 (4422 words)

	SART - Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology
		We will instruct you to reduce the dosage of GnRH analog by one-half on the day you begin ovarian stimulation.
		For example, the GnRH agonist is sometimes begun after ovulation in the cycle preceding stimulation in the "mid-luteal" protocol, after the start of menses in the "flare" or "micro-flare" protocol, or after six or so days of stimulation in the "GnRH antagonist" protocol.
		Lupron® and the GnRH antagonists, Gonal-F®, Repronex,® Follistim,® Follistim AQ pen and Gonal-F RFF Pen may be injected just under the skin using a smaller needle.
	www.sart.org /Guide_ARTStepByStepGuide.html (1813 words)

	Khan 2001
		Seabream GnRH (GnRH) content in the preoptic anterior hypothalamic area (POAH) and pituitary, pituitary GnRH receptor concentrations, and basal and GnRH analog (GnRHa)-induced LH secretion were significantly higher in gonadally mature croaker compared to early-recrudescing fish.
		The number of pituitary GnRH receptors also remained significantly lower in the PCB-exposed group, which was likely due to an impairment of GnRH release.
		The GnRH content in the POAH, number of pituitary GnRH receptors, and LH secretion in the PCB-exposed group were comparable to those in early-recrudescing fish, suggesting an impairment of normal maturation of the GnRH-LH system during the gonadal recrudescence phase.
	www.utmsi.utexas.edu /Staff/thomas/khan_etal_2001.htm (294 words)

	Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Induces Apoptosis of Prostate Cancer Cells: Role of c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase, Protein ...
		GnRH-a, immunoprecipitated with anti-PKB antibody, and subjected to in vitro kinase assay using Histone H2B (P-H2B) as a substrate.
		The expression of GnRH receptor in the DU145
		Bahk JY, Hyun JS, Lee H, et al Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and GnRH receptor mRNA in prostate cancer cells and effect of GnRH on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells.
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/64/16/5736 (6308 words)

	Estrogen and progesterone effects on transcapillary fluid dynamics -- Stachenfeld et al. 281 (4): 1319 -- AJP - ...
		Change in CFC from GnRH alone due to estradiol administration (open bar; left) and due to estradiol and progesterone administration (filled bar; right) is shown.
		Plasma ANP concentration increased similarly during infusion in the GnRH analog-alone and hormone treatments (Table 2).
		The GnRH analog, leuprolide acetate, is a viable, well-tolerated method to temporarily suppress reproductive hormones in healthy
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/281/4/R1319 (5316 words)

	[No title]
		Treatment with the newly developed chimeric proteins caused apoptosis in a variety of adenocarcinoma target cells such as colon-, breast-, cervix-, renal-, prostate- and hepato-adenocarcinomas.
		The various chimeric proteins were highly specific in their activity, as they showed no effect on cells not carrying the GnRH binding sites.
		Moreover, the activity of the chimeric proteins could be blocked upon addition of excess GnRH or GnRh-analog.
	www.kenes.com /gnrh2003/abstracts/lorberboum-galski.doc (379 words)

	Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist (Cetrorelix) Therapy Fails to Protect Nonhuman Primates (Macaca arctoides) ...
		In the GnRH antagonist-only and radiation plus GnRH antagonist groups, GnRH antagonist (Cetrorelix) therapy produced a marked reduction in serum T levels during the first 12 weeks, which began to return to normal starting at 20 weeks.
		The radiation-only monkey with an abnormal hormonal profile is presented separately (open circles), and the GnRH antagonist-only monkey that failed to recover (open circles) is presented separately from the GnRH antagonist-only monkey that recovered (closed circles).
		Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs stimulate and testosterone inhibits the recovery of spermatogenesis in irradiated rats.
	www.andrologyjournal.org /cgi/content/full/26/2/222 (6947 words)

	Development of GnRH Antagonists for Prostate Cancer: New Approaches to Treatment -- Cook and Sheridan 5 (2): 162 -- The ...
		GnRH receptor antagonists would be expected to be devoid of
		Abarelix (PPI-149), a novel and potent GnRH antagonist, induces a rapid and profound prostate gland volume reduction (PGVR) and androgen suppression before brachytherapy (BT) or radiation therapy (XRT).
		Long-term effects of a GnRH analogue in patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate.
	theoncologist.alphamedpress.org /cgi/content/full/5/2/162 (3346 words)

	Contraceptive Action of a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone II Analog in the Rhesus Monkey -- Siler-Khodr et al. 89 (9): ...
		ovarian and placental receptor for GnRH I or its analogs is
		This GnRH II analog avidly binds the receptor in the
		GnRH II analog in the normal cycling rhesus monkey.
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/89/9/4513 (4414 words)

	CaP CURE, Association for the Cure of Cancer of the Prostate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The GnRH conjugate acts as a GnRH agonist and binds to GnRH receptors with high affinity.
		The cytotoxicity could be demonstrated by the addition of a GnRH analog which competed for the same binding sites, thus deminished that the cytotoxicity is receptor mediated.
		Prostate cancer usually express GnRH receptors and therefore these GnRH conjugates have a potential chemotherapeutic advantage since cytotoxicity is restricted to the illuminated area.
	www.capcure.org.il /summary7.htm (131 words)

	Health and Medical Information produced by doctors - MedicineNet.com
		When estrogen levels are low (as in menopause or after surgical removal of ovaries), endometrial tissue shrinks (perhaps even disappears), and symptoms of endometriosis ease.
		Another GnRH analog is leuprolide (LUPRON), which is given by regular injections under the skin.
		Researchers are trying to find ways of adding other hormones to counter the osteoporosis effect of GnRH analogs, thus allowing them to be used for longer periods of time.
	www.medicinenet.com /script/main/ques.asp?qakey=2806 (841 words)

	Cytotoxic Activity of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)-Pokeweed Antiviral Protein Conjugates in Cell Lines ...
		The yield of the SH-GnRH analog was 60–70%.
		GnRH receptors; Ref. 39) were maintained in DMEM (Sigma) supplemented
		Determination of the affinity and number of receptors for GnRH in ovine anterior pituitary.
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/144/4/1456 (4439 words)

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