
	Where results make sense

Topic: Gnadenhutten massacre

Related Topics

White Eyes

Frontier warfare during the American Revolution

Native American massacres

Colonel William Crawford

Wyoming Valley massacre

Simon Girty

United States Revolutionary War

Indian Wars

Gnadenhutten, Ohio

Cherry Valley massacre

Black Hawk (chief)

List of massacres

Pequot War

Waxhaw massacre

Fort Parker Massacre

	List of massacres - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Massacre has a number of meanings, but most commonly refers to individual events of deliberate and direct mass killing, especially of noncombatant civilians or other innocents that would qualify as war crimes or atrocities.
		Massacres in this sense do not typically apply to combatants, except figuratively, although the deliberate mass killings of prisoners of war are often considered massacres.
		Additionally, the word massacre is often used for political or propaganda purposes, and the choice of whether to label an event a massacre may become a sensitive one; see, for example, the Kent State Massacre.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Massacres (3112 words)

	Indian massacres - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Similarly, massacres were sometimes mislabeled "battles" in an attempt to give legitimacy to what would today be considered a war crime.
		March 8th, 1782 - Gnadenhutten massacre - in the final stages of the American Revolutionary War, nearly 100 noncombatant Christian Delaware (Lenape) Indians (mostly women and children) are killed one at a time (with a hammer blow to the head) by Pennsylvania militiamen.
		February 26, 1860 - Indian Island Massacre in Humboldt County, California - upwards of 100 Wiyot are slaughtered by white settlers armed with hatchets and bowie knives.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Indian_Massacres (1253 words)

	Gnadenhutten Massacre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		At the captives huts, where the residue of convert cpatives were who had not gone down to the death at Gnadenhütten, the news of the slaughter of their relatives had also come in by Jacob, who had escaped from under the floor of one of the burning houses, and fled to the Sandusky.
		The massacre was a month old, and already the vengeance taking warriors on the Ohio, and its eastern tributaries in Pennsylvania and Virginia, had sunk their hatchets into the skulls of many white borderers, who fought for life, and were killed in their tracks.
		These deaths were to be counted as no vengeance until the scalps were carried to the massacre ground, dried, painted red or fl on the inside, with the picture of a bullet or a hatchet in another color,to indicate how its owner died.
	jfcanu.tripod.com /history/h4mar/08gnaden.html (3165 words)

	Gnadenhutten Massacre
		The Americans struck the natives in retaliation for the deaths and kidnappings of several white Pennsylvanians.
		The Christian Delawares had abandoned Gnadenhutten the year before, but some of them had returned to harvest crops that were still in the fields.
		On March 8, the militiamen arrived at Gnadenhutten.
	www.ohiohistorycentral.org /entry.php?rec=499 (221 words)

	Gnadenhutten Memorial
		The Gnadenhutten Memorial and museum is located on Cherry Street in Gnadenhutten, Ohio.
		Gnadenhutten was founded by a Moravian missionary, David Zeisberger, in 1772.
		After the massacre, the settlers set fire to the town and moved away.
	www.graveaddiction.com /gnadenhu.html (415 words)

	Ohio Indian Wars Message Board - Gnadenhutten Massacre 1782
		The Gnadenhutten Massacre is another of the little-known sidenotes to the Revolution as it was fought on the Ohio frontier but one that had great import to those involved and one that exemplified the tremendous tensions that existed between the native and white inhabitants in the trans-Allegheny region.
		The massacre at Gnadenhutten was directly linked to the depredations of British-allied tribes along the Ohio frontier during the Revolution.
		The Massacre at Gnadenhutten was a direct result of the fact that most of the American settlers on the Ohio frontier were not willing to make a distinction between friendly and hostile tribes.
	ohioindianwars.proboards18.com /index.cgi?board=revolutionarywar&action=display&thread=1063978240 (2299 words)

	Indian massacres
		Both sides would promise safe conduct to defeated enemies or non-combatants, and then massacre them as soon as they let their guard down.
		February 29, 1704 - Deerfield Massacre - Deerfield, Massachutsetts - As an action during Queen Anne's War, a force comprised of Abenaki, Kanienkehaka, Wyandot, and Pocumtuck Indians, led by a small contingent of French-Canadian miltia, sacked the town of Deerfield, Massachutsetts, killing fifty-six civilians and taking dozens more as captives.
		1782 - Gnadenhutten massacre - in the final stages of the American Revolutionary War, nearly 100 noncombatant Christian Delaware (Lenape) Indians (mostly women and children) are killed one at a time (with a hammer blow to the head) by Pennsylvania militiamen.
	www.studycrime.com /Crimes/Indian_massacres.php (977 words)

	Gnadenhutten, The Gnadenhutten Massacre of Christian Indians, Prelude to the Whiskey Rebellion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Gnadenhutten, The Gnadenhutten Massacre of Christian Indians, Prelude to the Whiskey Rebellion
		The Indians of both villages freely gave up their arms-guns, axes, and knives-to their "protectors." Once all the Indians of both villages had gathered at Gnadenhutten the trap was sprung.
		Laws of the states and nation certainly did not extend to the protection of Indians on the frontier, at least not in 1782.
	www.whiskeyrebellion.org /chapt5.htm (1388 words)

	GNADENHUTTEN AND THE MORAVIAN MASSACRE
		Seven miles from Gnadenhutten, the brave Christian Indians who, by their constancy, in the midst of suffering, to their new religion, rivaled the martyrs who had preceded them by many an age, again began the construction of a town.
		No sooner were they all at Gnadenhutten, and disarmed, than the conduct of the whites underwent a sudden change.
		Henceforth the peaceful name of Gnadenhutten was to stand as the title of the place which the wrath of man, insane and wicked, had given over, without right or reason, to fire and blood.
	www.usgennet.org /usa/topic/colonial/pioneer/chap16.html (5825 words)

	Gnadenhutten massacre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Gnadenhütten massacre (8 March 1782) was a mass murder of nearly 100 Native Americans (mostly women and children) by American militiamen during the American Revolutionary War.
		Even by the extremely brutal standards of frontier warfare of that era, the Gnadenhütten killings were unusually cold-blooded; in modern times such an incident would be called a war crime.
		When General George Washington heard about the massacre, he ordered that no American soldier allow himself to be taken alive; he knew what would happen should the militant Delawares capture an American.
	gnadenhutten-massacre.iqnaut.net (754 words)

	History
		So after a night of prayer and hymn singing ninety men, women and children were massacred; then all cabins were set afire on March 8 1782.
		Close by is a monument, erected in 1872, in memory of the ninety Christian Indians who were massacred on March 8, 1782.
		Gnadenhutten is a beautiful village in south central Tuscarawas County with a population of approximately 1,300.
	gnaden.tusco.net /history/History.htm (867 words)

	Joh. Jac. Schmick, American Philosophical Society
		He was called to become a missionary in 1751, and was appointed to the Indian congregation at Gnadenhutten, Pa., ministering primarily to a congregation of Mahican converts who had settled there.
		After the original settlement at Gnadenhutten was attacked and destroyed in 1755, Schmick remained with the Mahicans through exile and captivity, facing almost constant threats from white neighbors.
		He was not present at the Gnadenhutten massacre, having returned to Lititz, Pa., in 1777.
	www.amphilsoc.org /library/mole/s/schmick.htm (483 words)

	Gnadenhutten Massacre
		In 1782, the village of Gnadenhutten had about 100 Christian Indians, mostly Delawares, there to gather crops from their fields.
		The settlers organized and went to Gnadenhutten where they claimed to find clothing from the murdered whites.
		The Indians were confined to their church while the settlers voted on their fate.
	angelfire.com /realm/shades/nativeamericans/gnadenhuttenmassacre.htm (176 words)

	Tuscarawas County, Ohio History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		A conference was arranged for at Gnadenhutten, and on the 11th the warriors marched from Salem to that village and encamped to the west of it.
		After the massacre was accomplished, the men spent the day in securing their plunder, then setting fire to the " slaughter-houses " filled with the mangled corpses and to the whole village.
		Of the colony at Gnadenhutten, Lewis Huebner became the regular pastor in July, 1800, and a church edifice was erected and dedicated July 10, 1803, by Rev. Zeisberger.
	www.heritagepursuit.com /Tuscarawas/TuscarawasChapV.htm (20888 words)

	digital stater \| archives
		Gnadenhutten is a small village of about 1,200 people nestled along the river in southern Tuscarawas county, 75 miles from Kent.
		In 1777, the missionaries and their followers abandoned Schoenbrunn and the nearby Gnadenhutten mission and moved to safer ground.
		In May of 1782, a member of a military expedition passing through the Gnadenhutten site wrote that, "the town was burnt Some time last winter and the ruins of the lowest house in town were mixed with the calcified bones of the burnt bodies of the Indians."
	www.stater.kent.edu /stories_old/01fall/101601/valley.html (1203 words)

	Never ever a Paradise 1--Rwandan Genocide [Archive] - Talk History Forum
		August 20, 1191 Massacre of the Saracens 2750 Akko Richard the Lionheart slaughters the civilian population of Akko.
		1570 Novgorod Massacre 10,000-100,000 Novgorod Republic Ivan the Terrible slaughters the population of Novgorod.
		Was in Rwanda in earlier 90's for their last publizide "genocide" incident; we went in to secure the airfeild when one of the local warlords captured it and decided that all the humanitarian relief stuff was his...
	www.talk-history.com /forum/archive/index.php?t-1751.html (1584 words)

	David Bradford and Causes of the Whiskey Rebellion Whiskey Rebellion Whiskey Insurrection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Washington County Militia was involved in the massacre at
		Gnadenhutten and the burning of Schoenbrunn in March of 1782.
		The last official battle of the American Revolution didn't occur until September 13, 1782.
	www.whiskeyrebellion.org /rebell.htm (2954 words)

	Native American Massacres
		Ask anyone if they have heard of the Conestoga Massacre and chances are they are going to have a confused look on their face.
		In 1608, Captain John Smith, known to be a friend to the Indians, met the Susquehannock, later known as the Conestoga, in Pennsylvania near present-day Lancaster.
		In 1779, the Moravian Indians moved from Gnadenhutten on the Muskingum River to the Sandusky River, a move that was influenced by the English.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/history_oto_tribe/93774 (552 words)

	Road to Revolution Day 1 at DennyGibson.com
		Billing itself as the oldest existing settlement in Ohio, Gnadenhutten, is some 40 miles northeast of Zanesville.
		After a winter of near starvation, some of the captives were given permission to return to their homes in hopes of retrieving something of the crops they had been forced to abandon.
		The Gnadenhutten massacre is depicted in the outdoor drama Trumpet in the Land just a few miles away.
	www.dennygibson.com /DayTrips/Trip5 (1764 words)

	Gnadenhütten massacre - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This 37 foot (11 m) monument to the Gnadenhütten massacre, located next to a reconstructed Moravian cabin in what was the center of the original village, was dedicated on June 5, 1872.
		The Gnadenhütten massacre on March 8, 1782 was a mass murder of ninety-six Christian Munsee American Indians, including sixty women and children, by American militia from Pennsylvania during the American Revolutionary War.
		One participant in the massacre was Captain Charles Builderback.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gnadenh%C3%BCtten_massacre (993 words)

	Amazon.com: The Bell Keeper: The Story of Sophia and the Massacre of the Indians at Gnadenhutten, Ohio, in 1782: Books: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The story of Sophia and the massacre of the Indians at Gnadenhutten, Ohio, in 1782.
		Considering the title, "The Bell Keeper: the story of Sophia and the massacre of the Indians at Gnadenhutten, Ohio, in 1782," this was a little disappointing in that there were only about 2 pages dealing with the actual massacre, that told in a narrative by a survivor of the massacre.
		It is a decent children's story about the girl and her life at the time, but not really a very good story about the Gnadenhutten massacre.
	www.amazon.com /Bell-Keeper-Massacre-Indians-Gnadenhutten/dp/0828320098 (891 words)

	edsanders.com - Moravian Massacre
		Schoenbrun was followed by Gnadenhutten; then by Lichtenau, and when, in 1779, that village had to be abandoned, because Lying directly on the great war path between the British Indians and the American borders, was followed by Salem.
		Brady, the noted scout and one of the prominent characters of the romance, desirous of witnessing the deserted ruins, and the scene of a butchery, the details of which were then in every mouth on the frontier, is piloted at night to the ruins by Rev. Edward Christy.
		He was recognized as the man who fired the first shot at the Moravian massacre, and as the slayer of the much-esteemed Shabosch, and was at once killed and scalped under circumstances of great cruelty.
	www.edsanders.com /hist0014.htm (3452 words)

	Gnadenhutten (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		On the night of March 6th Williamson's men hid in the forest a mile from Gnadenhutten.
		The Moravian contingent at Schonbrunn had meanwhile fled into the forest, having been warned in time by one of their number who had stumbled upon the body of one of the six Indians killed in the intervening woods during the white approach to Gnadenhutten.
		A total of 90 Moravian men, women, and children had been assembled, disarmed, and confined in their chapel where they awaited, still trustingly, the indicated move to Pittsburgh.
	www.adena.com /adena/usa/im/im007.htm (674 words)

	Sixty Years' War for the Great Lakes, 1754-1814, The Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society - Find Articles
		Elizabeth Perkins sheds light on what she calls "Ethical Extension," a process by which, through regular contact through battle, combatants gained a sense of their opponent's humanity, thus forging a murky but crucial inter-cultural relationship.
		Leonard Sadosky reexamines the 1782 Gnadenhutten Massacre and finds more than the usual saga of white violence and Indian victimization.
		The massacre thus laid bare social and class dimensions on the frontier.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3945/is_200204/ai_n9034403 (768 words)

	American Revolutionary War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The low point on the frontier came in 1782 with the Gnadenhutten massacre, When Pennsylvania militiamen—unable to track down enemy warriors—executed nearly 100 Christian Delaware noncombatants, mostly women and children.
		Later that year, in the last major encounter of the war, the Battle of Blue Licks, a party of Kentuckians was soundly defeated by a superior force of British regulars and Native Americans.
		The remnants of the southern Continental Army began to withdraw to North Carolina, but were pursued by Colonel Tarleton, who defeated them at the Battle of Waxhaws on May 29, 1780.
	american-revolutionary-war.iqnaut.net (5146 words)

	The Moravian Historical Society: Morning Call Archive
		Following the massacre at Gnadenhutten in 1755, Joshua Jr.
		also built a spinet, which it is believed "went up in flames during the Gnadenhutten Massacre," and assisted Moravian missionary David Zeisberger in translation work that led to Zeisberger's "Delaware Hymnal."
		The Rev. Arthur Nehring, president, announced that Volume 25 of the society's 'Transactions' will be forwarded to the membership next month.
	www.moravianhistoricalsociety.org /mcall/weil-indian.php (473 words)

	ABC News: Today in History - March 8 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		On March 8, 1782, the Gnadenhutten Massacre Took Place As Some 90 Indians Were Slain in Ohio
		On March 8, 1782, the Gnadenhutten massacre took place as some 90 Indians were slain by militiamen in Ohio in retaliation for raids carried out by other Indians.
		In 1702, England's Queen Anne ascended the throne upon the death of King William III.
	abcnews.go.com /US/wireStory?id=1697904 (405 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)