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Topic: Gnetum

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Gnetales

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	Gnetaceae and Gnetum descriptions
		Gnetum arboreum Foxworthy is restricted to a small portion of Luzon, Philippines (Markgraf 1930, in Carlquist 1996b).
		Gnetum neglectum Blume is restricted to a small area in E Borneo (Markgraf 1930, in Carlquist 1996b).
		Gnetum oxycarpum Ridley is restricted to the Mentawi Islands near Sumatra (Markgraf 1930, in Carlquist 1996b).
	www.conifers.org /gn/index.htm (518 words)

	Gnetum description
		Gnetum diminutum Markgraf is restricted to a small portion of Sarawak, Malaysia (Markgraf 1930,in (2)).
		Gnetum neglectum Blume is restricted to a small area in E Borneo (Markgraf 1930, in (2)).
		Gnetum oxycarpum Ridley is restricted to the Mentawi Islands near Sumatra (Markgraf 1930, in (2)).
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/earle/gn/gn/index.htm (519 words)

	Farmers indigenous practices for conserving Garcinia kola and Gnetum africanum in southern Cameroon (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Traditional approaches to conservation of Garcinia kola (a medicinal plant, exploited for its fruit and bark) and Gnetum africanum (an edible species, whose leaves are used as vegetables) were assessed by a survey of 15 villages (3 per province) in the humid forest zone of southern Cameroon.
		Gnetum africanum is intensively harvested (up to 4 times per week throughout the year) and is reported to generate substantial income (averaging US$2630 per household per annum).
		Indigenous practices used by farmers to protect the 2 species include selective clearing during land preparation for cropping, sustainable bark harvesting of stands in the wild population, transplantation of wildings, artificial propagation and recognition of individual property ownership on certain wild stands of Garcinia kola.
	www.trophort.com /information/data/B01/S38/FON00FAR2891181.html (213 words)

	CiteULike: Dating dispersal and radiation in the gymnosperm Gnetum (Gnetales)--clock calibration when outgroup ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Gnetum has 10 species in South America, 1 in tropical West Africa, and 20 to 25 in tropical Asia, and explanations for the ages of these disjunctions involve long-distance dispersal and/or the breakup of Gondwana.
		To resolve relationships within Gnetum, we sequenced most of its species for six loci from the chloroplast (rbcL, matK, and the trnT-trnF region), the nucleus (rITS/5.8S and the LEAFY gene second intron), and the mitochondrion (nad1 gene second intron).
		These estimates, together with the phylogeny for Gnetum from the six combined data sets, imply that the single African species of Gnetum is not a remnant of a once Gondwanan distribution.
	www.citeulike.org /user/akifumi/article/889740 (799 words)

	Validation of an Invalidly Described Species of Gnetum (Gnetaceae) from Hainan Island, China
		The original description of Gnetum hainanense C. Cheng (Cheng et al., 1975) is invalid because two types (a male collection, McClure 20084, and a fertile collection, Tsang and Fung 554) were designated.
		Gnetum cleistostachyum C. Cheng was described in the same paper as G.
		Thus, we are not validating Gnetum pendulum f.
	flora.huh.harvard.edu /china/novon/fuyugil9-2.html (953 words)

	ZapMeta Web Site Results for: "gnetum" (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Gnetum, using a phylogenetic framework derived mainly from an intron in the...
		Gnetum has two copies of intron 2, a group II intron, that differ in...
		Gnetum parvifolium in Flora of China @ efloras.org
	www.zapmeta.com /search/meta/zapfor.pl?search=web&query=gnetum&page=4&en=yx.&match=all&within=vrObDp1pNIQE2&S1=&txt= (231 words)

	University of North Dakota \| Biology Department
		The documentation of double fertilization in Ephedra and Gnetum is congruent with the hypothesis that this process evolved prior to the origin of flowering plants.
		By quantifying DNA in male and female gametophyte nuclei in Gnetum gnemon, it was found that gamete nuclei pass through the synthesis phase of the cell cycle prior to fusion.
		In Gnetum gnemon, the female gametophyte is highly reduced at the time of fertilization and develops into an embryo-nourishing tissue only after fertilization occurs.
	www.und.edu /dept/biology/carmichael.htm (601 words)

	Gnetum
		Heterochrony and developmental innovation: Evolution of female gametophyte ontogeny in Gnetum, a highly apomorphic seed plant.
		Gnetum and the angiosperms: molecular evidence that their shared morphological characters are convergent, rather than homologous.
		Price, R. Systematics of the Gnetales: a review of morphological and molecular evidence.
	tolweb.org /Gnetum/21724 (210 words)

	IngentaConnect The exine ultrastructure of pollen grains in Gnetum (Gnetaceae) f... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pollen grains of Gnetum are subspheroidal or irregular-apolar, inaperturate, 11.21-22.44 µm in long axis and 9.34-20.47 µm in short axis.
		The exine ultrastructures of Gnetum, Ephedra and Welwitschia are quite similar, consisting of tectum, granular layer and lamellated endexine.
		The exine ultrastructure of Gnetum is also similar to that of Nymphaea colorata (Nymphaeaceae) in the transitional region between the proximal and distal poles, but differs from that of Amborellaceae, Illicium religiosum (Illiciaceae), Schisandra (Schisandraceae), Trimeniaceae and Austrobaileyaceae.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bsc/boj/2004/00000146/00000004/art00003 (354 words)

	Gnetum gnemon - Meet the Plants - National Tropical Botanical Garden Plant Database
		Joint Fir is grown in plantations in Java and the kernels of the large seeds are beaten flat and fried and either eaten hot or allowed to cool and treated as potato crisps.
		Gnetum is an Asian genus of tropical trees, none of which have an English name.
		The most prominent species of the genus Gnetum, Gnetum gnemon is grown and used in Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines.
	www.ntbg.org /plants/plant_details.php?rid=1493&plantid=5570 (298 words)

	CURRENT RESEARCH ISSUES AND PROSPECTS FOR CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT
		The leaves of Gnetum africanum and G. buchholzianum are highly valued as nutritious green vegetables across Central Africa and are the subject of considerable cross-border trade.
		Gnetum is the lone genus in the family Gnetaceae.
		Gnetum africanum and Gnetum buchholzianum thrive in a wide range of habitats, including farm fallows or abandoned farmland, secondary forests, and closed forest.
	www.fao.org /docrep/X2161E/x2161e06.htm (2187 words)

	TOMLINSON, P.BARRY. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Gnetum gnemon provides a precise example of Roux's model in the Halle-Oldeman system of tree architecture, with clearly differentiated orthotropic and plagiotropic axes.
		Both kinds of axis produce the reaction tissues and there is a cortical but not xylary eccentricity clearly associated with the secondary growth response.
		Furthermore, reaction fibers (which resemble "gelatinous fibers") are of both primary and secondary (from the phloem) origin; the primary fibers originate in a very unusual way.
	www.botany2001.org /section2/abstracts/5.shtml (203 words)

	Horizontal gene transfer from flowering plants to Gnetum -- Won and Renner 100 (19): 10824 -- Proceedings of the ...
		An asterisk in the intron 2 scheme indicates the intervening nucleotides of the Gnetum gymnosperm-type intron.
		Amino acid translation is given for Gnetum gymnosperm-type exon sequences, and amino acids that have undergone RNA editing (5–7) are given in parentheses.
		exons of Gnetum angiosperm-type nad1 intron 2 (Fig.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/100/19/10824 (4063 words)

	BOTW Directory - Science > Biology > Plants and Animals > Plantae > Gnetophyta > Gnetum
		Bioactive Stilbene Dimers from Gnetum cleistostachyum - Provides an abstract of the article by Yao CS and Lin M. Checklist of Plants from the Gaoligongshan Mountains, Yunnan, China Gnetaceae : Gnetum - Provides records of species from this region.
		Gnetum gracilipes - Describes the physical characteristics of this specie.
		Gnetum paniculatum Spruce ex Bentham 1856 - Provides information on the taxonomy, physical characteristics and range of these small tropical trees.
	www.botw.org /top/Science/Biology/Plants_and_Animals/Plantae/Gnetophyta/Gnetum (664 words)

	KBD: Kew Bibliographic Databases: Search results
		2005 The internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA in the gymnosperm Gnetum.
		2004 The exine ultrastructure of pollen grains in Gnetum (Gnetaceae) from China and its bearing on the realtionship with the ANITA Group.
		1994 Systematic implications of pollen morphology in Gnetum.
	www.kew.org /kbd/advancedsearch.do?keywords=Gnetum (338 words)

	Vessel dimensions in liana and tree species of Gnetum (Gnetales) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Maximum vessel diameters were examined in the secondary xylem of stems of Gnetum of various sizes.
		In old stems, mean and maximum vessel diameters tended to be greater in lianas than in the tree species.
		The resemblance of Gnetum vessels to those of angiosperm trees and vines is most likely a case of convergent evolution (homoplasy) in xylem characteristics.
	www.trophort.com /information/data/B01/S71/FIS95VES1351236.html (223 words)

	Gnetum parvifolium in Flora of China @ efloras.org
		Gnetum parvifolium in Flora of China @ efloras.org
		Vines to 12 m, usually thin and weak; bark pale or grayish brown, lenticels usually relatively conspicuous.
		Female material from Hainan has been named as Gnetum formosum Markgraf (which is known with certainty only from Vietnam).
	www.efloras.org /florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200005528 (275 words)

	HAYCRAFT, COURTNEY J.* AND JEFFREY S. CARMICHAEL. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Interestingly, the ovules formed on male strobili are reported to be nonfunctional, but this phenomenon is poorly understood.
		To better understand the development of male ovules and potential mechanism of ovule sterility, male (but structurally bisexual) strobili of Gnetum gnemon were collected and prepared for various histological techniques.
		From a structural perspective, nucellar tissue is comparable to that in ovules found on female strobili.
	www.ou.edu /cas/botany-micro/bsa-abst/section2/abstracts/31.shtml (238 words)

	PLANTS Profile for Gnetum (jointfir) \| USDA PLANTS (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Gnetum L. View 1 genera in Gnetaceae or click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles.
		Gnetum L. Click on a scientific name below to expand it in the PLANTS Classification Report.
		Gnetum L. View taxonomic account from Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) for ITIS Taxonomic Serial Number 183502.
	plants.usda.gov /cgi_bin/plant_profile.cgi?symbol=GNETU (52 words)

	Development of sterile ovules on bisexual cones of Gnetum gnemon (Gnetaceae) -- Haycraft and Carmichael 88 (7): 1326 -- ...
		Cionini P. 1971 A DNA cytophotometric study on cell nuclei of the archegonial jacket in the female gametophyte of Ginkgo biloba.
		Coulter J. l908 The embryo sac and embryo of Gnetum gnemon.
		I. The grosser morphology of reproduction of Gnetum gnemon.
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/88/7/1326 (2797 words)

	Development of nonlignified fibers in leaves of Gnetum gnemon (Gnetales) -- Tomlinson and Fisher 92 (3): 383 -- ...
		Johnson M. A 1950 Growth and development of the shoot of Gnetum gnemon L. The shoot apex and pith.
		Tomlinson P. B 2001 Reaction tissues in Gnetum gnemon: a preliminary report.
		Tomlinson P. B 2003 Development of gelatinous (reaction) fibers in stems of Gnetum gnemon (Gnetales).
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/92/3/383 (3291 words)

	Won, Hyosig* and Susanne S. Renner. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Gnetum has many unique features, such as bisexual strobili, net-veined leaves, lignin composition typical of angiosperms, and a climbing habit, that make it unusual among extant gymnosperms.
		Recent molecular phylogenies strongly suggest the inclusion of Ephedra (Gnetum + Welwitschia) in conifers as earlier suggested by morphologists.
		Also, arborescent growth and prominent sterile ovules on male inflorescences appear to have evolved recently within Gnetum.
	www.botany2001.org /section12/abstracts/200.shtml (312 words)

	M.M.P.N.D. Sorting Gnetum names
		FRENCH : Gnetum d'Afrique, Gnetum d'Afrique à feuilles comestibles.
		FRENCH : Gnetum du Cameroon, Gnetum d'Afrique à feuilles comestibles.
		FRENCH : Feuilles de gnetum, Gnetum à feuilles comestibles.
	www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au /Sorting/Gnetum.html (364 words)

	Amazon.com: Gnetum (Site not responding. Last check: )
		isolated from the stem of Gnetum parvifolium (Warb.) C.Y. Cheng, and...
		evolved indepen- dently in Gnetales (Gnetum), early angiosperms, and Polypodiaceous ferns...
		a stilbene dimer isolated from Gnetum ula by Dr. Asif Zaman...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Gnetum&index=blended&page=1 (861 words)

	Actualités de la santé tropicale
		Les vertus cachées du gnetum - Mutations - Cameroun - 15/06/2006
		Le gnetum africanum et le gnetum bucholzianum ont une grande importance pour de nombreuses communautés forestières et on leur donne différents noms vernaculaires et commerciaux.
		A ce propos, une enquête menée par le Centre pour la recherche forestière internationale (Cifor), a démontré qu'un kilogramme de gnetum contient 60 grammes de protéines, 13 grammes de lipides, 216 grammes de glucides, 130 milligrammes de calcium et près de 6 grammes de fer.
	www.santetropicale.com /actualites/index.asp?id=745&texte=0606/0606_22&action=lire (426 words)

	Five New Stilbene Dimers from the Lianas of Gnetum hainanense
		Five New Stilbene Dimers from the Lianas of Gnetum hainanense
		Compounds 1-5 are dimers formed by a resveratrol unit and an oxyresveratrol unit and belong to a new type of oligostilbenes polymerized from two different stilbene units.
		Previous chemical studies on Gnetum species have revealed that they produce oligostilbenes.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/jtextd?jnprdf/63/i01/html/np990382q (1861 words)

	gnetum gnemon definition from the Dictionary of Words Online (Site not responding. Last check: )
		gnetum gnemon definition from the Dictionary of Words
		gnetum gnemon n : small tropical tree with tiered branches and divaricate branchlets having broad glossy dark green leaves; exploited for its edible young leaves and seeds that provide a fine flour syn: gnetum see also: gnetum
		Gnetum, definition from the Dictionary of Words Online
	www.dictionaryofwords.com /gnetum+gnemon_pag1.html (89 words)

	Le Messager
		Le genre Gnetum appartient à la famille des Gnétacées, une des familles du sous-embranchement des Gymnospermes.
		Les espèces du genre Gnetum sont des lianes dioïques présentant des feuilles simples et opposées.
		L’Ikok encore appelé Gnetum africanum ou Gnetum bucholzianum est un légume aux fibres assez dures.
	www.lemessager.net /details_articles.php?numero=1&code=99&code_art=16406 (648 words)

	Definition of gnetum - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
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		Learn more about "gnetum " and related topics at Britannica.com
		Get the Top 10 Search Results for "gnetum "
	www.m-w.com /dictionary/gnetum (31 words)

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