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Topic: Go endgames

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	Go (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Go Go is a two-player deterministic game created in China sometime between 2000 and 1000 BC (it is called Wei Ch'i in China, and Baduk in Korea).
		Go is played on a 19 by 19 board, with the two players taking turns placing pieces on the board, trying to enclose territory and surround and capture pieces of the opponent.
		Go generalized to N by N boards is a difficult computational problem.
	www.csua.berkeley.edu /~ilyas/go/go.html (220 words)

	Go (board game) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Go is a complete-knowledge, deterministic, strategy game: in the same class as chess, checkers (draughts), and reversi.
		Go was considered one of the cultivated arts of the Chinese scholar gentleman, along with Chinese calligraphy, Chinese painting and playing the Guqin, known as 琴棋書畫, or the Four Arts of the Chinese Scholar.
		Go is deep, as playing against any stronger player will demonstrate (depth of the game as established by ELO ranking in Go).
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Go+(board+game) (5619 words)

	End Games Site
		With the first boss in sight as you entered the instance we felt that we were going to have some nice tries.
		With a brave rogue who was DCed for a part and a MT that DCed on the last 10% of boss we finally saw the boss drop dead.
		In my opinion the only downside is a lot of the quests I have experienced so far have been the go get 6 of these, talk to this dude etc etc. Not always true there are some really fun quests like the bombing mission one.
	www.endgames.org (1718 words)

	Fairy endgames with 3 pieces
		Dave McCooey did an extensive computer analysis of all endgames with three pieces (and two kings), with at least one fairy piece from a collection of 9 fairy pieces, on an 8 by 8 chessboard.
		Whenever an endgame involves two or three pieces that are restricted to a single color (e.g.
		In each endgame, there is a strong side and a weak side, according to which side has more total wins.
	www.chessvariants.org /misc.dir/endgame3.html (1054 words)

	ChessBase: ABC of Endgames
		With a total number of 176 treated endgames, the material on the CD is definitely manageable.
		Whether "Lucena-positions", "impotent couple" or practical hints for the surprisingly frequent endgame "rook + bishop vs. rook" - all these standard examples are including in the small survey.
		And for those wishing to deepen their knowledge even more, there are database texts introducing the respective type of endgame with the possibility to immediately call up the relevant examples.
	www.chessexpressstore.com /chesabcofen.html (171 words)

	Go (board game) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Go is a popular game in East Asia.
		Go was depicted in the films Heaven Knows, Mr.
		WikiTeX Go supports SGF for inserting go directly into Wiki articles.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Go_(board_game) (5619 words)

	Roman Forum Endings Series page with cart
		GM Dzindzichashvili teaches the important aspects of elementary pawn endgames including the opposition, and positions with pawn breakthroughs, outside passed pawns, potential outside passed pawns, and protected passed pawns.
		GM Dzindzichashvili examines the tactical aspects of certain pawn endgames - ones that do not adhere to simple generalizations but instead involve accurate calculation in their resolution.
		GM Dzindzichashvili analyzes several beautiful drawing resources in endgames which are apparently easy wins for the side with the material advantage.
	www.chess4less.com /2-romanEndings.htm (293 words)

	surreal number
		Surreal numbers were invented or discovered (depending on your philosophy) by John Conway to help with his analysis of certain kinds of games.
		The idea came to him after watching the British Go champion playing in the mathematics department at Cambridge.
		Conway noticed that endgames in Go tend to break up into a sum of games, and that some positions behaved like numbers.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/S/surreal_number.html (373 words)

	Mathematical Go: The Book
		Expert Go players find some of the results (including the value depicted here) to be surprising and counterintuitive.
		As a typical game of Go approaches its conclusion, the active regions of play become independent of one another, and the overall board position may be regarded as a sum of disconnected partial board positions.
		A Go player with an interest in mathematics or a mathematician interested in Go will not want to miss this book because it describes substantial connections between two subject which have been, until now, largely unrecognized.
	math.berkeley.edu /~berlek/cgt/gobook.html (781 words)

	Chess Versus Go
		GO is played on a 19 by 19 grid, making up a playing field of 361 points.
		So far their accomplishments have been modest: they have only succeeded in formulating a theory for the very end of the game, where the moves are only worth two points.
		They are presently working to extend this theory to cover endgames where the value of moves are worth up to four points.
	www.ishipress.com /chess%26go.htm (674 words)

	Go (board game) - Chinese Checkers and Chinese Chess - Chinese Art
		Go is deep, as playing against any stronger player will demonstrate (Go ranks and ratings#Depth of the gamedepth of the game as established by Go ranks and ratings#Go rating with ELOELO ranking in Go).
		Go appears to stand apart among games in its rules and gameplay; it is difficult to find another board game which could be considered of the same "family" as Go.
		Go and Janggi are the two main board games played in Korea, but Go is arguably more popular as there are professional Go players and Cable Television channels devoted to Go.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Go_(board_game) (4294 words)

	Go Bibliography by Publisher
		Go is a very mystifying game when you first start playing it, and reading beginners' books only get you so far.
		Cosmic Go, by Sangit Chatterjee and Yang Huiren.
		Keshi and Uchikomi: Reduction and Invasion in Go, by Iwamoto Kaoru.
	www.gobooks.info /bib-publisher.html (1285 words)

	Go - Japanese Board Game Rules and More
		Go is a complete-knowledge, deterministic, strategy game like chess, checkers, and reversi, although its depth exceeds even those games.
		Its large board and lack of restrictions allows great scope in strategy, as decisions in one part of the board are influenced by a seemingly unrelated situation in distant parts of the board, and moves made early in the game can shape the nature of conflict hundreds of moves later.
		Other board games commonly compared with Go Go appears to stand apart among games in its rules and gameplay; it is difficult to find another board game which could be considered of the same "family" as Go.
	www.japan-101.com /culture/go_ancient_strategic_board_game.htm (2828 words)

	[No title]
		Thus, king-pawn endgames need to be carefully examined to determine which factors are most important in determining the best move.
		Second, since queen and king versus king endgames are trivial and a simple algorithm can be written to lead to a win, the goal of this paper focuses on obtaining a queen by queening the white pawn (or preventing this as fl).
		This is a typical chess endgame strategy which can be very important in getting to the right square at the right time (the "indirect" triangle method takes an extra move more than the direct method to get to the same square).
	www.cs.utah.edu /~wyman/classes/ML_proj/paper.html (9603 words)

	CD Baby: ENDGAMES: Keep On Running
		Endgames' "Keep on Running" was named by New York Newsday as one of its "Top 10 Albums of the Year." It was the only album from an unsigned artist to make the list.
		Named by New York Newsday as one of the "Top 10 Artists to Watch in 2002 and Beyond," Endgames was founded in 1998 by vocalist, Mike Aronow, and guitarist, Jeff Walsh.
		Currently, Endgames is recording a brand new follow-up album set for release this summer.
	www.cdbaby.com /cd/endgames (428 words)

	Chess Archives - Endgames (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Mutual zugzwang (sometimes call reciprocal zugzwang) is when being on the move changes the theoretical result of the game for the worse (ie, if you are on the move you lose while if you were not on the move you could draw or win).
		These positions are quite important in endgame theory, and "getting the opposition" in K and P endgames is an example of maneuvering towards a mutual zugzwang position.
		These are positions which take the longest to win or lose from a given side in a particular endgame.
	chess.jaet.org /endings (253 words)

	Published articles about computer go
		We use Go as an example of a domain with the characteristic that local and global factors cannot be identified independently of each other.
		Computer Go is a challenge for AI and the machine still remains weak compared to humans in the game of Go.
		Go is a difficult game for computers to master, and the best go programs are still weaker than the average human player.
	www.xs4all.nl /~janrem/Artikelen/Artikelen.html (8384 words)

	c-level \| endgames proposal
		Previous projects such as Tekken Torture and Cockfight Arena were intensive investigations into the physical nature of computer gaming, with a focus on pushing gaming to the point of becoming a dramatic public event, as compelling to watch as to play.
		Endgames: MOVE will focus on the 1985 armed confrontation between urban activists and the Philadelphia police department which culminated in the fiery destruction of an entire city block.
		They have greatly increased the life-expectancy of those of us who live in "advanced" countries, but they have destabilized society, have made life unfulfilling, have subjected human beings to indignities, have led to widespread psychological suffering (in the Third World to physical suffering as well) and have inflicted severe damage on the natural world.
	www.waco.c-level.cc /rhizome/proposal.html (860 words)

	EKLECTIKA -- An Eclectic Home Page
		That is itself is of no interest to anyone but it is my hope that, as time permits, I will add reviews of many of the books so that others may read them before making a decision to purchase.
		If you are on a limited budget then you can pass on this and not miss anything but if you enjoy reading go books for entertainment in addition to study then it is worth buying.
		These books tend to jump around from one topic to another which, in itself is not bad because that is how things come at you over the board, but that does not make it easy to use if you want to master a particualr pattern.
	www.radford.edu /~sfawthrop2/Eklectika/Eklectika.net/GO_BIBLIOGRAPHY.HTM (1692 words)

	Thoughts upon the rules (go/baduk/weichi page of Denis Feldmann)
		Go (or Weichi, if we are to mention its history) has at stake occupation and control of a grid, but this was probably not initially the object of the game, and actually the initial motivation of Weichi is clouded in mystery.
		Whatever the history, the way of playing must have been codified uniformly in quite ancient times, and it is reasonably easy to formalize completely the moves allowed during the game (however, even for this comparatively simple question, interesting oddities can be found, for instance a strange prohibition of immediate recapture in the Tibetan rules.
		Finally, it is necessary to know when the game is over ; except for no-pass go (a strange variant not played anywhere, I believe), this happens after a certain sequence of consecutive "pass moves" (usually two, but questions related to ko threats may require three, or even four).
	perso.wanadoo.fr /denis.feldmann/rules.htm (4035 words)

	The Game Go -- Frequently Asked Questions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Go is generally played on a 19 by 19 board, but smaller boards such as 9 by 9 or 13 by 13 are used by beginners or for shorter games.
		Go World is now published by Kiseido and distributed in the USA by Kiseido.
		Go Intellect has been ported to windows-95 on a PC, and is stronger than last year.
	omicron.felk.cvut.cz /FAQ/articles/a810.html (6457 words)

	Go Where You Are Afraid
		In the Game Of Go, you often know which moves are good and which are bad.
		The reason I got interested in the Game Of Go in the first place was that the decision problems involved in it seem not to be amenable to computation (on the current state of the art): current Go playing programs are notoriously weak, compare with the best Chess programs.
		Initially, like Go, the Game Of Life had two kinds of elements, which Conway called "bishops" and "actresses".
	clublet.com /c/c/why?GoWhereYouAreAfraid (342 words)

	Sensei's Library: Computer Go
		Thus computer Go is a very exciting part of Artificial Intelligence (AI), many new ideas and techniques are yet to be discovered.
		This means that it is very unlikely to be able to find a reasonably fast algorithm for playing perfect Go.
		Below are competitions where Go playing programs can be tested.
	senseis.xmp.net /?ComputerGo (563 words)

	Mathematical Go Endgames
		This is a book on the mathematical study of go.
		Apparently they can use their theory to correctly solve endgame problem that many pros get wrong.
		Don't expect it to help your game: it's only applicable in a very limited range of positions, and even then you might have a hard time understanding the theory well enough to use it in a game.
	www.gobooks.info /h7.html (113 words)

	Endgame Studies
		is pleased to present, on a weekly basis, a selected endgame study for your enjoyment.
		The result is one of the outstanding collection of endgame studies ever published.
		To subscribe, 25 euros or the equivalent in USD may be sent to Marcel van Herck, Brialmontlei 66 B 2018 Antwerpen, Belgium arves@skynet.be Payment is also possible via Paypal to this e-mail address.
	www.chesscafe.com /endgame/endgame.htm (243 words)

	Endgames
		To my mind, endgame studies are to chess games what string quartets are to symphonies.
		From now on he was actively engaged in creating his famous endgame studies which include in their number (he composed just over 50) some of the finest ever composed.
		According to Tartakower Reti said that "the whole of chess can be viewed merely as an endgame study on the grand scale".
	felixstowechess.tripod.com /endgames.htm (2222 words)

	Go Rule Dialects Page
		He observed (and stated) that in the mathematisation of go rules, when it goes to scoring evaluation, the "2 point group tax" occurs naturally which indicates that stone scoring seems to be the simplest (and logical conistst) form of scoring.
		They (japanese Go authorities) changed e.g several times the status of moonshine-life by current definition, which reflects the controverse view on decisions based on local considerations versus global board configuration.
		The North-American Go rules by the AGA 1991, the New Zealand Go rules of 1978 and all other Go rules not used in Easter Asia are similar new.
	wwwhomes.uni-bielefeld.de /achim/go_rule_philo.html (5063 words)

	Chess Endgame
		There is one simple secret of endgame play that experts know, but few beginners understand.
		The players who understand the secret can judge when to trade down from the middle game into the endgame simply by knowing what endgame positions are favorable without mental reckoning.
		Accurate moves in the endgame are required even when the technique is simple.
	www.logicalchess.com /resources/lessons/endgame (513 words)

	Dr. Dobb's \| Lotfi Visions Part 2 \| July 22, 2001
		DDJ: Hitachi was daring in going with an embryonic technology that did not have an overwhelming body of field trials.
		Thus you are constantly adjusting your speed planning for a fail-safe abort pending the diminishing speed of the car coming down the hill towards the red light on the cross street.
		They didn't use to believe they would be beaten by computers over the board, however, because by the standard of computers of the 1950s and 1960s, it didn't appear that computers would ever get good enough at working through approximate situations which have no potential for being solved deterministically in real time.
	www.ddj.com /184409290 (4515 words)

	Computational Complexity of Games and Puzzles
		Endgames in which pieces of opposing colors are separated from each other are NP-hard.
		Even certain "simple" endgames in which the go board has been decomposed into many small independent regions of play are PSPACE-hard.
		Demaine, M. Demaine, and D. Eppstein, Phutball endgames are hard, ACM Computing Research Repository, 2000, and MGONC.
	www.ics.uci.edu /~eppstein/cgt/hard.html (2681 words)

	ABC of Endgames (CD) - Chess House
		With a total number of 176 treated endgames, the material on the CD is definitely man-agreeable.
		Whether "Lucena-positions", "impotent couple" or practical hints for the surprisingly frequent endgame "rook + bishop vs. rook" - all these standard examples are included in the small survey.
		And for those wishing to deepen their knowledge even more, there are database texts introducing the each type of endgame with relevant examples.
	www.chesshouse.com /ProductDetails.asp?ProductCode=A125 (186 words)

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