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Topic: Gokenin

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	Gokenin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		During the Muromachi period, gokenin was a kind of a social status rather than direct vassals.
		In the Edo period, gokenin were the lowest-ranking direct vassals of the Tokugawa shogunate next to hatamoto.
		In the late Edo period, some gokenin sold the status of gokenin to wealthy commoners by adopting their sons or themselves.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/g/go/gokenin.html (133 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> hatamoto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		While all three of the shogunates in Japanese history had official retainers, in the two preceding ones, they were referred to as gokenin.
		However, in the Edo period, hatamoto were the upper vassals of the Tokugawa house, and the gokenin were the lower vassals.
		The line between hatamoto and gokenin, especially amongst hatamoto of lower rank, was not rigid, and the title of hatamoto had more to do with rank rather than income rating.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/hatamoto (711 words)

	Jito - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		In the Kamakura period, Jito were chosen amongst the Gokenin (the shogun's vassals) who governed military affairs.
		Jito handled the taxation and administration of the manor to which they were appointed, and directly administrated the lands and the farmers of the manor.
		At that time, many prominent Gokenin including Mori clan (1221) and Otomo clan moved from the east to the west.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Jito (272 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Gokenin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		After the Kamakura Shogunate, during the Muromachi period, Gokenin was a social status for warriors rather than an official position designing direct vassals of the Shogun.
		Unlike the Kamakura shogunate, the Ashikaga shogunate did not have Gokenin.
		During the Sengoku period, high-ranked subordonates of daimyo were also called Gokenin.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Gokenin (189 words)

	Gokenin #24481 #23478 #20154 lit housemen were the direct vassals... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Gokenin #24481 #23478 #20154 lit housemen were the direct vassals...
		Gokenin during the Muromachi period During the Muromachi period Muromachi period, gokenin was a kind of a social status rather than direct vassals.
		In the Edo period Edo period, gokenin were the lowest-ranking direct vassals of the Tokugawa shogunate Tokugawa shogunate next to hatamoto hatamoto.
	www.biodatabase.de /gokenin (190 words)

	Kamakura (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Yoritomo guaranteed a control of Gokenins' land properties which were their ancestral estates as return of the survice from Gokenin.
		Many Gokenin were not satisfied with the shogunate controlled by Hojo after a battle between Mongolian troops and Japanese force because Gokenins were in great need and the Kamakura shogunate did not cope with the situation.
		Gokenins' antipathy toward the Shogunate increased due to the worse situation, and Gokenin and Akuto take an action for overthrowing the Kamakura Shogunate.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/prehistory/japan/kamakura/kamakura-p.html (1196 words)

	Mori clan - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		During the Kamakura period Mōri was one of prominent Gokenin family due to the fame of their ancestor Hiromoto.
		At the end of Kamakura Shogunate, Mori was distant from the Shogunate and showed a favorable attitude to Ashikaga Takauji.
		After a struggle between Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who led his army as a general of Oda Nobunaga, the both sides made peace and Mori remained as a daimyo who kept five provinces in Chugoku.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Mori_clan (334 words)

	Ancient Japan - 4
		In 1185, after the destruction of the Taira family at the Battle of Dannoura, Yoritomo was granted the right to appoint his vassals, or gokenin ("housemen") as military governors (shugo) in the provinces and military stewards (jito) in both public and private landed estates.
		As leaders of a large number of villagers, these jito laboured to develop the rice fields and irrigation works in the areas under their jurisdiction, and they and other influential landlords constructed spacious homes for themselves in the villages and hamlets where they lived.
		In painting as well as sculpture, Buddhist themes began to give way to more secular works; especially popular were picture scrolls (emakimono), which took as their themes the history of temples and shrines, the biographies of founders of religious sects, and, increasingly, military epics and the secular life of both courtiers and warriors.
	www.crystalinks.com /japan4.html (4136 words)

	economy / society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Gokenin, which were given land by the samurai, were the highest class.
		Both Gokenin and samurai 'rented' land to those in the lower class, which in return gave taxes and vassals to their lords on top of the government's tax.
		The only difference between a Gokenin and a samurai was that the Gokenin had greater land and power.
	www.kenji-miyamoto.com /kamakura/economy_society.php (496 words)

	Land of the Shogun
		This form of government rule has been referred to as "centralized feudalism." The Kamakura Shogunate set down the pattern for a new, land-based feudal government that was much simpler than the previously adopted Chinese system and worked much more efficiently for the Japanese.
		Although the ultimate right to posts in the provinces or estates and income from them derived from the Heian-kyo court, Yoritomo became directly responsible for the protection of many of these posts and appointments to some of them.
		Many samurai originally outside the Kanto region sought to protect their positions by commending their properties to Yoritomo's protection and accepting vassalage as his gokenin.
	koreanhistoryproject.org /Ket/C06/E0603.htm (2464 words)

	DAIMYO
		Hatamoto was also a significant title, as it carried the right to a personal audience with the shogun.
		A gokenin did not have direct access to the shogun, but he could become a bureaucrat in the shogun’s government.
		The daimyos were given significant leeway over matters within their respective han.
	www.japanese123.com /daimyo.htm (513 words)

	The Parade Grounds: ranks of the Imperial Army
		Together with the hatamoto, the gokenin were the direct retainers of the Shogun otherwise known as bakushin.
		Protective of their position and fiercely loyal, the gokenin make up the bulk of the Shogun's personal fighting force.
		The most privileged of the samurai of the various daimyo, the baishin were the only warriors permitted to serve in the capital of the Far East in addition to the Shogun's own retainers, the bakushin.
	www.sanctuary.org /clans/qs/ranks.html (975 words)

	Session 49 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The gokinensei itself is commonly acknowledged by historians as a structure defined by reciprocal relationships—for rendering military and police services to the Kamakura bakufu, a gokenin received the Kamakura lord’s go’on.
		The bilateral bakufu-gokinensei structure was advantageous to both sides, but in the latter half of the Kamakura period some of the more prominent gokenin sought to further strengthen their presence in the provinces by adding a clan temple (ujidera) to their provincial headquarters.
		Such gift-giving practices were a ritual cement that solidified the bond between the gokenin and Kamakura, beyond their fundamental reciprocal relationships.
	www.aasianst.org /absts/2000abst/Japan/J-49.htm (1003 words)

	government (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		He followed the Fujiwara house government with a board of retainers and a board of inquiry.
		The government took lands from the Taira estates in central and Western Japan and had the court distribute them; much of this land was given to the Gokenin.
		The shogun, Yoritomo, was both the steward and constable general.
	www.kenji-miyamoto.com /kamakura/government.php (379 words)

	Tokugawa shogunate (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		An outgrowth of the early six-man rokuninsh&363; (1633–1649), the office took its name and final form in 1662, but with four members.
		Their primary responsibility was management of the affairs of the hatamoto and gokenin, the direct Vassals of the shogun.
		They were the police force for the thousands of hatamoto and gokenin who were concentrated in Edo.
	tokugawa-shogunate.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (2159 words)

	Glossary of Terms (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Gokamon - Term used by the Tokugawa Bakufu to refer to members of the Matsudaira families.
		Gokenin - A retainer/vassal family of the Kamakura Bakufu, especially those who had served under Minamoto Yoritomo; generally having a certain amount of influence.
		Gorinso - Work on the principles of sword fighting composed by the swordsman Miyamoto Musashi in the early to mid-16
	www.samurai-archives.com.cob-web.org:8888 /vocab.html (8265 words)

	Ken Watanabe Worldwide Fans/Sekaijuu ni Watanabe Ken no fan
		Welcome to Ken Watanabe Worldwide Fans, international fan-club for actor Ken Watanabe.
		He has starred in popular movies such as The Last Samurai, Tampopo and Kizuna, and TV series like Masamune the One-Eyed Dragon, Gokenin Zankuro and Suna no Utsuwa.
		Before The Last Samurai, many of us outside Japan had never heard of Ken Watanabe.
	www.kenfans.us (406 words)

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