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Topic: Gold halide

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Gold halide
		Gold halides are compounds of gold with the halogens.
		A ratio of a gold sensitizer to a sulfur or selenium sensitizer is preferably such that the ratio of the number of gold atoms to that of sulfur atoms or selenium atoms forming silver sulfide or silver selenide ranges from 1/2 to 1/200.
		In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, silver halide grains are subjected to reduction sensitization, and further subjected to sulfur sensitization or selenium sensitization in combination with gold sensitization in the presence of a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound capable of forming a complex with silver.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Gold-halide (274 words)

	Gold Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Gold is a chemical element in the periodic table with the symbol Au (from the Latin aurum) and atomic number 79.
		Gold alloys are used in restorative dentistry especially in tooth restorations such as crowns and permanent bridges as their slight malleability makes a superior molar mating surface with other teeth, unlike a harder ceramic crown.
		all that glisters is not gold, all that glitters is not gold
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Gold.html (4746 words)

	Gold - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The color of solid gold as well as of the intensely colored, often purple, colloidal solutions that can be made from it is caused by the fact that the plasmon frequency of this element lies in the visible range, which causes red and yellow light to be reflected and blue light to be absorbed.
		Gold ore grades may be as little as 0.5 g/1000 kg (0.5 ppm) on average in large easily mined deposits, typical ore grades in open-pit mines are 1 - 5 g/1000 kg (1-5 ppm), ore grades in underground or hard rock mines are usually at least 3 g/1000 kg (3 ppm) on average.
		Gold is extracted from alluvium ores by techniques of placer mining and from hard rock ores by initially crushing and grinding the ore and then by one or more of the following techniques; gravity separation, flotation, cyanidation, amalgamation, chlorination, roasting, bioleaching or pressure oxidation (autoclaving).
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /gold.htm (2592 words)

	Prospecting for Gold Near Washington, DC - Virginia Maryland VA MD how to find
		Gold in Maryland by Karen R. Kuff, Maryland Geological Survey.
		Gold Mining in Virginia from the The History of Gold by A.B.J. Hammett, Chapter VIII, 1966.
		Gold in South Eastern Pennsylvania by Geologist Jeri Jones.
	www.infiltec.com /gold (1778 words)

	Silver halide photographic material and method for processing the same - Patent 5190855
		A silver halide light-sensitive material comprising a support having thereon at least one negative silver halide emulsion layer is disclosed, in which a coating weight of the total binder on one side of the support is not more than 4.2 g/m.sup.2 and silver halide grains in the emulsion layer have been subjected to reduction sensitization.
		A ratio of a gold sensitizer to a sulfur or selenium sensitizer is preferably such that the ratio of the number of gold atoms to that of sulfur atoms or selenium atoms forming silver sulfide or silver selenide ranges from 1/2 to 1/200.
		In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, silver halide grains are subjected to reduction sensitization, and further subjected to sulfur sensitization or selenium sensitization in combination with gold sensitization in the presence of a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound capable of forming a complex with silver.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5190855.html (10492 words)

	NAGARAJAN'S WEBPAGE FOR BEGINNER'S TROPICAL FISH AQUARIUM
		Gold fish need to have at least 10 gallons per fish for them to grow to their potential maximum size and also live long.
		Gold fish always are on the look out for food and they always browse the bottom of the tank digging out the gravel, pulling out plants and even eating smaller leaves.
		Gold fish can eat non stop, so care shall be taken to restrict their feed and also limit the number of feedings to two or three times per day.
	madhunag.tripod.com /goldfish.html (2563 words)

	Direct-positive silver halide emulsion - Patent 4814263
		Specific examples of gold fogging agents are potassium tetrachloroaurate, auric trichloride, potassium aurithiocyanate, etc. It is also possible to employ a mixture of water-soluble gold compound, e.g., auric trichloride and thiocyanates forming complexes with gold and having a solvent action on the silver halide grains, e.g., alkali metal and ammonium thiocyanates.
		Fogging of the silver halide grains may be effected by using the reducing agent initially and subsequently using the gold compound.
		In the preparation of the direct-positive photographic silver halide emulsion for use in accordance with the present invention gelatin is preferably used as vehicle for the silver halide grains.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4814263.html (4014 words)

	Leaching of Gold
		Gold iodide complexes are the most stable relative to the halide complexes in aqueous solutions.
		Leaching gold with thiosulfate, however, was found to be sensitive to the concentration of copper, thiourea, and temperature of the solution.
		The relationship between gold dissolution and copper concentration is complex and involves the complexation of copper by thiosulfate.
	doccopper.tripod.com /gold/AltLixiv.html (1025 words)

	gold (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Gold in antiquity was relatively easy to obtain geologically however 75% of all gold ever produced has been extracted since 1910.[http://www.goldsheetlinks.com/production2.htm] It has been estimated that all the gold in the world that has ever been refined would form a single cube 20 m (66 ft) a side.
		Historically gold was used to back currency in an economic system known as the gold standard in which one unit of currency was equivalent to a certain weight of gold.
		Gold is extracted from alluvium ores by techniques of placer mining and from hard rock ores using extractive metallurgy.
	copernicus.subdomain.de /gold (2584 words)

	Gold (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Gold is a metallic element with a characteristic yellow color, but can also be fl or ruby when finely divided, while colloidal solutions are intensely colored and often purple.
		Gold is a good conductor of heat and electricity, and is not affected by air and most reagents.
		Gold is used as a coating enabling biological material to be viewed under a scanning electron microscope.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/G/Gold.htm (2617 words)

	Silver halide emulsion chemically ripened in the presence of a gold-containing complex - Patent 5198331
		The silver halide grains contained in the silver halide emulsion of the invention may be any of regular crystals such as cubes, octahedrons and tetradecahedrons; irregular crystals such as spheres; and twin crystals or composites thereof.
		In the silver halide crystals contained in the silver halide emulsion of the invention, host silver halide crystals may be joined with a silver halide of different composition by epitaxial growth, or may be joined with a compound other than silver halides such as silver thiocyanate or lead oxide.
		During silver halide grain formation or physical ripening thereof, there may be allowed to coexist chalcogen compounds such as sulfur, selenium and tellurium; cadmium salts; zinc salts; lead salts; thallium salts; iridium salts or complex salts thereof; rhodium salts or complex salts thereof; and iron salts or complex salts thereof.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5198331.html (6392 words)

	Alice Bruce (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Gold complexes have been used for about 70 years to treat rheumatoid arthritis.
		It is becoming increasingly apparent that gold drugs are "prodrugs" that undergo ligand displacement reactions with for example cysteine sulfur sites in the body.
		Schwerdtfeger, P.; Bruce, A.E.; Bruce, M.R.M. "Theoretical Studies on the Photochemistry of the cis to trans Conversion in Dinuclear Gold Halide Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene Complexes", Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1998, 120, 6587.
	chemistry.umeche.maine.edu /abruce.html (743 words)

	[No title]
		Like most organic materials Glacier Gold is flammable, but its ignition temperature is 1585ºF at both 5 psi and 0 psi (which is better than the DuPont R-134a's ignition temperature of 368ºF at 5 psi and 1411ºF at 0 psi).
		Glacier Gold is a better conductor of heat and requires less horsepower to compress, which reduces compressor wear and extends compressor life.
		Glacier Gold is a zero ozone depleting "second generation" replacement for R-134a and all other substitutes for Freon that are non-ozone depleting.
	glacier-gold-refrigerants.com /GlacierGoldInfo.html (956 words)

	Indoor Plant Lighting Fluorescent, Incandescent, Metal Halide and Sodium Halide
		Metal Halide provides the most complete light and is the best choice when little or no natural light is present.
		Agrosun Gold Halides are special because they also emit a fair amount of red light which helps a plant to flower and set fruit.
		Choose the 1000 watt bulb for large areas or the 400 watt bulb for smaller spaces.
	www.mountainvalleygrowers.com /lighting.htm (797 words)

	Basement Chemistry for the Prospector - Halide Leaching and Recovery
		The group of chemicals known as halides is composed of the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
		If you are extracting with halides, in particular, chlorine where you have no visual reference as to what is happening, you should have some hydrochloric (muriatic) or sulfuric acid at hand.
		If your reaction should start to slow down and you are sure you have an excess of halide in solution you might have to add a little acid in order to liberate the halide from it’s salt form in order to keep sufficient free halide to ensure a good extraction.
	webpages.charter.net /kwilliams00/bcftp/docs/halides.htm (2076 words)

	Agrosun Gold Metal Halide Bulb
		When you want the single best bulb for plants, the full spectrum, color corrected Agrosun halide is the bulb for you.
		There is plenty of blue light for growth in all halides, but until Agrosun, they lacked sufficient red light to maximize flowering and fruiting.
		Agrosun enhanced spectrum metal halides are recommended for plugs, cuttings, herbs and other growing situations where full spectrum light is preferred.
	www.gchydro.com /detail.asp?product_id=XAGOLDMH (66 words)

	Competitive pricing for Metal Halide grow light bulbs from 4 hydroponics.com by Growco Indoor Garden Supply
		Metal halides emulate bright summer sunlight and contain all the energy peaks at wavelengths of the visible spectrum.
		After 12 months of use at 18 hours per day, a 1000 watt metal halide lamp should be replaced as it is only about 85% as bright as the day you bought it.
		Metal halide is the best bulb technology available for achieving the highest level of plant and flower growth.
	www.4hydroponics.com /lighting/metalHalideBulbs.asp (343 words)

	GOLD CLUSTER LABELING: Introduction
		They contain a core of gold atoms in a predetermined arrangement; gold atoms at the surface of this core are coordinated by either a tris (aryl) phosphine ligand, or by a halide ion (chloride in the undecagold cluster shown above) so that the bonding valencies of all the gold atoms are satisfied.
		In contrast, colloidal gold is not a molecule with a defined structure, but suspended particles with some of the properties of metallic gold.
		Gold clusters are not adsorbed, but covalently cross-linked to a specific functional group on the targeted biomolecule.
	www.nanoprobes.com /LGuide1.html (540 words)

	Powerhouse Radiant Metal Halide Plant Grow Lights by Hydrofarm at Home Harvest Garden Supply
		AgroSun Gold are the very best halide bulb for all-purpose growth as well as fruiting and flowering.
		AgroSun Gold Halides can even outperform sodiums in fruiting and flowering, producing 45% more flowers and 25% more auxillary branching than standard sodium bulbs in a 4.5 inch potted geranium test.
		The 400 watt AgroSun Halide bulb produces 40,000 initial lumens and has a rated lifespan of 20,000 hours and the 1000 watt AgroSun Halide bulb produces 118,500 initial lumens with an average lifespan of 12,000 hours.
	www.homeharvest.com /hydrofarmradiantmetalhalide.htm (1135 words)

	Crystal Structure of the Bromide-Bound D85S Mutant of Bacteriorhodopsin: Principles of Ion Pumping -- Facciotti et al. ...
		Note that a wild-type ground-state like connection between Y83 and W189 is established upon halide binding, thus creating a direct interaction between helices C and F.) A side view of the protein with cylinder representations of helices.
		The retinal chromophore is drawn in a gold ball-and-stick representation to help orient the molecule for the reader, and the inorganic ions are drawn as gold spheres.
		The displacement of the Schiff base is represented in a similar fashion to that of R82, whereas a bar indicates that this displacement increases the distance between the halide ion and the Schiff base.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/85/1/451 (5467 words)

	Metal Halide Horticultural Replacement Bulbs at Home Harvest Garden Supply
		Except for special conversion bulbs, metal halide bulbs can only be burned in a metal halide fixture of the same wattage.
		AgroSun Gold provides the full spectrum of light for healthy plant growth, with more red spectrum than any other halide for increased fruiting and flowering response.
		For use in 400 watt metal halide fixtures with mogul socket.
	homeharvest.com /metalhalidebulbs.htm (385 words)

	Plastic-Coated, Shatterproof HID Lamps
		For lamps that are used in high ceiling fixtures, a common metal halide application, the cost of routine maintenance and lamp replacement of enclosed fixtures is often prohibitive.
		Our 360 watt lamps cost more than traditional 400 watt metal halides, however, the 360 can be used in standard 400 watt fixtures, will deliver nearly the same lumens as the 400 lamp (97% lumens) and save you 40 watts in energy usage.
		Although many of these applications have been converted to the much more efficient metal halide and high pressure sodium lamps, we will still be able to satisfy the needs of your customers that still use these lamps.
	www.shat-r-shield.com /hid.html (915 words)

	321gold: Silver in the Digital World David Morgan 02/01/02
		The silver bears bears point to the fact that silver halide film usage is about to wane significantly and after this is realized a major component of silver usage will no longer exist.
		The bulls on the other hand seem to take a view similar to mine and believe that standard silver halide film will coexist with digital and some impact will be felt but it will not be that significant.
		However, since it is expected that consumers will begin to order more larger-sized prints, silver usage for manufacturing photographic paper will rise slowly over that period as the total volume of paper rises.
	www.321gold.com /editorials/morgan/morgan020102.html (1350 words)

	Griffith Chemistry - Healy Research
		As a result, we became interested in developing methods of preparing complexes in high purity without the use of anion and ligand exchange methods where possible.
		Anodic dissolution of the metal results in formation of the desired complex with evolution of hydrogen gas at the cathode.
		This approach has been found to be effective for the preparation of the copper and silver carboxylate complexes described above and also for the preparation of copper and gold(I) halide complexes.
	chem.sci.gu.edu.au /research/healysynth.html (381 words)

	Greenfire Product: LIGHTING
		They are the "Gold Standard" in plant growth lighting & thousands are in use by satisfied gardeners worldwide.
		An excellent light for propagating seedlings, rooting cuttings & for stimulating compact growth.This is often the light of choice for those interested in displaying & raising prized plants such as orchids, violets & lilies.
		Halide Conversions operate in sodium systems providing a halide spectrum.
	www.greenfire.net /hot/L000.html (402 words)

	Botanical.com \| Products, Growing Supplies - Hydroponic Systems - Bulbs
		Although the ballast may ignite the lamp, it may cause it to explode, or, at the very least, reduces the life of the lamp.
		A Hydrofarm exclusive, these spectrally enhanced halides are the best all-purpose growth and fruiting/flowering light you can use.
		They are the "Gold Standard" in plant growth lighting, and thousands are in use by satisfied gardeners worldwide.
	www.botanical.com /hydro/bulbs/bulbs.html (266 words)

	Hinkley Lighting Bollards
		Bollard is provided with galvanized steel anchor bolts with nuts and washers.
		Wattage options include up to 100 watts in the metal halide (MH), mercury vapor (MV), high pressure sodium (HPS), and incandescent (INC) light sources.
		A compact fluorescent (CF) light source with an HPF ballast and socket is also available in up to 42 watts.
	www.merchantmanager.com /lightingforum/storefront.asp?pageno=1082 (1403 words)

	Radiant Metal Halide Plant Grow Lights by Hydrofarm at Home Harvest Garden Supply
		Spectrally enhanced specifically for plant growth, AgroSun Gold are the very best halide bulb for all-purpose growth as well as fruiting and flowering.
		AgroSun Gold Halides can even outperform sodiums in fruiting and flowering, producing 45% more flowers and 25% more auxillary branching than standard sodium bulbs in a 4.5 inch potted geranium test.
		The 400 watt AgroSun Halide bulb produces 40,000 initial lumens and has a rated lifespan of 20,000 hours and the 1000 watt AgroSun Halide bulb produces 118,500 initial lumens with an average lifespan of 12,000 hours.
	homeharvest.com /hydrofarmradiantmetalhalide.htm (1097 words)

	[No title]
		Metal halides have been recommended as something that most closely approximates the sun's light.
		Until now, all I've ever heard of were full-spectrum Vitalites, but metal halide is supposedly, to the reef world, what Vitalites are to the bird world.
		And I am being told that metal halide lighting is even closer to natural sunlight than Vitalites.
	www.exoticbird.com /digest/v06.n641.txt (2447 words)

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