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	Goldberg Variations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thus, variation 3 is a canon at the unison, variation 6 is a canon at the second (the second entry begins the interval of a second above the first), variation 9 is a canon at the third, and so on until variation 27, which is a canon at the ninth.
		Variations 8, 11, 13, 14, 17, 20, 23, 25, 26, 27 and 28 are specified in the score for two manuals, whilst variations 5, 7 and 29 are specified as playable with either one or two.
		Variation 10 is a short four-voice fugue marked alla breve, with a four-bar subject heavily decorated with ornaments and somewhat reminiscent of the opening aria's melody.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Goldberg_Variations (5361 words)

	Nine Canons of the Goldberg Variations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Goldberg Variations begin with an Aria Bach had composed in 1725, possibly for his wife This Aria appears in Anna Magdalena's Notebook, where it is written in her own hand.
		Variation 18, "in a marching style," has the distinction of being the canon in which the follower comes closest to "catching" the leader.
		In theme and variation one expects the soprano to become the object of variation.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~tas3/goldbergcanons.html (962 words)

	"Goldberg Variations" by J.S. Bach (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		A definite textbook example could be found in Beethoven's Eroica variations, where each of these formulative elements is treated separately, their ultimate merger being consummated in a fugue in which the melodic motive acts a counter-subject to the 'tema del basso' of the variations.
		Such aggression is scarcely the attitude we associate with prefatory variations, which customarily embark with unfledged dependance upon the theme, simulating the pose of the precursor, and functioning with a modest opinion of their present capacity but thorough optimism for future prospects.
		With variation 2 we have the first instance of the confluence of these juxtaposed qualities -- that curious hybrid of clement composure and cogent command which typifies the virile ego of the Goldberg.
	www.rjgeib.com.cob-web.org:8888 /music/Top-Ten/gould.html (1702 words)

	Gabriel Josipovici's Goldberg: Variations
		Bach's colon-less Goldberg Variations was composed, the legend goes, to aid the Goldberg of the title with his patron's insomnia.
		Goldberg interprets the Elizabethan's poem as a lament for the death of the one with whom the poet shared a perfect love.
		In a later chapter, Goldberg offers Westfield the idea that his philosophising is in fact a kind of anxiety - leaping from one thought to another without stopping, as if afraid to pause because pausing might risk the danger of engagement with life and, more pertinently, with death.
	www.morose.fsnet.co.uk /reviews/Goldberg_Variations.htm (2363 words)

	Paul Wehage's arrangement for Saxophone Quartet of Bach's "Goldberg" Variations
		The Aria with 30 variations which form the work which is known as the « Goldberg » variations is one of the greatest works of Bach.
		It is his only work which uses the form of variations and through three series of ten variations each, it explores a myriad of musical genres and styles.
		Goldberg was indeed a student of C. E Bach, Bach’s son and the son might have asked his father to write these works for his brilliant student.
	www.classicalmusicnow.com /goldberg.htm (962 words)

	Bach: The Goldberg Variations - Glen Gould, Piano
		The Goldberg Variations, one of the monuments of keyboard literature, was published in 1742 while Bach held the title of Polish Royal and Saxon electoral court-composer.
		In the Goldberg Variations the music is harmonically founded on its descending bass rather than on the melody giving the character of a passacaglia (passacaille) to the subsequent variations.
		The two formulative elements, ornament and harmonic variation, are displayed as the the Prometheus theme begins as a powerful bass theme tightly constructed round the dominant and tonic of the scale of E flat.
	aix1.uottawa.ca /~weinberg/goldberg.html (2165 words)

	J. S. Bach: The Goldberg Variations
		There seem to be some other specific purposes in the "Goldberg" Variations, which are radically different from the preceding parts of the series, although Wolff considers all the four parts "as a unified whole".
		Inspecting more closely, we also find that the variations are also grouped in threes, consisting of free variation, variation in duet (mainly toccata), and canon, and there are ten such groups in all.
		This is also the most important research material of the "Goldberg" Variations, quite apart from the manuscript copy of the Aria in the hand of Anna Magdalena, left for scholars to establish the process of revisions.
	www.music.qub.ac.uk /~tomita/essay/cu4.html (3627 words)

	Yo Tomita
		The "Goldberg" Variations is the last of a series of keyboard music Bach published under the title of Clavierübung, and is often regarded as the most serious and ambitious composition ever written for harpsichord.
		The Aria placed at the beginning of the "Goldberg" Variations, which is repeated at the end, is in fact found in Book II of Clavierbüchlein for Anna Magdalena Bach (1725), copied by herself.
		The music analyses that explore various possible interpretations of the work, such as multi-layered structural divisions and groupings, may be intellectually satisfying.
	www.thegoldbergvariations.com /Tomita.html (3634 words)

	The Goldberg Variations
		Variation 10 is a fughetta in 4 parts - very genial in nature, and reminding me of the D major March from the Anna Magdalena Notebook, also marked 'alla breve' (now thought to be composed by his son, Carl Philipp Emanuel).
		Variation 12, a canon at the fourth, is also the first one where the voices reverse their leadership role after the double bar.
		Variation 25 is, without a doubt, the greatest of all the variations, demanding the utmost in musicianship and expressiveness.
	www.thegoldbergvariations.com /index.php?page=hewitt (4292 words)

	Amazon.ca: Goldberg Variations: Books: Gabriel Josipovici (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Goldberg: Variations does not escape the last problem, particularly when the Goldberg story is revealed to be a fiction created by another writer, Gerald, who struggles to find a shape for a novel set in the nineteenth century that would include elements such as incest, the Orkneys, marital strife, and philosophy.
		The author thereby risks boring a reader, or overusing a conceit the way John Barth sometimes does, especially as neither Goldberg nor Gerald are as inventive as Scheherazade.
		He is a craftsman who makes sure the structure of Goldberg: Variations is present at the level of the sentence.
	www.amazon.ca /Goldberg-Variations-Gabriel-Josipovici/dp/1857545974 (678 words)

	Goldberg Variations, Elizabeth Anderson, harpsichord
		Last night, before the Australian harpsichordist Elizabeth Anderson approached the harpsichord of Sorø Klosterkirke to play Bach’s Goldberg Variations, she definitively refuted the myth that the Variations were composed as a remedy for Count Carl von Kayserlink’s insomnia.
		After listening to her brilliant interpretation, the hour and a quarter the Variations takes, one must admit that they really are a very poor cure for insomnia.
		Goldberg Variations can be purchased through Buywell Just Classical who offer secure on-line ordering.
	www.elizabethanderson.org /program/goldberg.html (349 words)

	Symmetrical Binary Principle: Bach Goldberg Variations & Webern Op. 11 No. 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Bred on the asymmetrical chorale variations, canzona and ricercare of Pachelbel, Froberger and Frescobaldi, it is likely that Sebastian Bach first encountered the symmetrical style when he visited the Ducal Court of Celle in his teens.
		As in Canon #2, both halves of each variation are of the same length--usually 16 bars, sometimes 8--while the thematic content is, likewise, the same.
		Variation #17, for example, contains four phrases, each one terminated by an authentic cadence in a related key.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~tas3/bin.html (1796 words)

	Tjako van Schie - pianist
		The 30 variations themselves too are builded up progressivily and not only by the division in 10 groups of 3(!) because every third variation is a canon, but in the larger scale as well.
		It is the first minor key variation after 14 !(=2+1+3+8) major key variations and also the last variation of the 1st halve of the Goldbergs.
		Variation 25 (adagio) has the strange almost atonal atmosphere of a minor key cantilene after the first cycle of the 8 triplevoiced canons (remember var 24=3x8).
	users.castel.nl /~schic02/goldberg.htm (4160 words)

	J. S. Bach Goldberg Variations
		Mel Bay Publications, Inc., and Chanterelle Verlag of Heidelburg proudly presents this landmark solo guitar transcription of the Bach Goldberg Variations BWV 988.
		Johann Sebastian Bach's impressive sequence of variations, known to us as the "Goldberg Variations," was written for a keyboard instrument about 1741 as the 4th part of "Clavier Übung." Allegedly, it was intended to be performed by Johann Gottlieb Goldberg.
		The original version of the Goldberg Variations, written for harpsichord, is a highly taxing piece for any performer.
	www.finefretted.com /html/j__s__bach_goldberg_variations.html (200 words)

	J S BACH - Goldberg Variations - Glenn Gould - A Good-Music-Guide Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Bach's Goldberg Variations are one of those rare works in classical music that have instant appeal to beginners, but also a richness and complexity that gratifies the expert.
		Each set of 3 pieces is a free variation, a variation in duet and a canon.
		As a musical joke, the 30th variation is not a canon at all, but a quodlibet, music where two independent melodies are played together.
	www.good-music-guide.com /reviews/017_goldberg.htm (711 words)

	Hammer Of The Blogs: The Goldberg Variations
		First is Goldberg's dismissive reference to Shays as a "liberal Republican", since in his parlance, moderates are "liberals".
		Goldberg's only fallback, the same as that of his cohorts, is that we've all been duped by the pernicious liberal media.
		But then, Goldberg's excuse for a brain, much like his doughy ass, has always been for rent, so it doesn't really matter what Goldberg actually may or may not believe.
	hammeroftheblogs.blogspot.com /2006/05/goldberg-variations.html (2321 words)

	Bach's Goldberg Variations: A Brief Recording History
		Perhaps the most historically important recording of the Goldberg Variations was made in Paris in November 1933 by the great Wanda Landowska - on the harpsichord, of course.
		The Goldberg Variations was one of his first recordings following the February 1941 Carnegie Hall triumph which laid the foundation of his American fame.
		Unlike The Art of the Fugue the Goldberg Variations, which first appeared as Part IV of Bach's Clavier-Õbung, was clearly intended be played on a two-manual harpsichord.
	www.scena.org /lsm/sm3-1/sm3-1goldberg-eng.html (758 words)

	Bach: Goldberg Variations + French Suite 5 - Sylvia Marlowe
		In addition to the duties required of his various positions at Court or for Church use, Bach clealry felt the need to summarize his art for posterity.
		From Forkel we learn that Johann Gottlieb Goldberg, a youth of 15 and a pupil of Bach, was employed by Count Kaiserling, the Russian Ambassador to the Saxon Court, as court harpsichordist.
		The Variations were Bach's response to the Count's request for pieces of a "soft and somewhat lively character" to be written for the gifted young Goldberg.
	www.baroquecds.com /731Web.html (449 words)

	Goldberg Variations -- J.S. Bach -- 32 Pianists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Goldberg Variations -- J.S. Bach -- 32 Pianists
		Consisting of 30 variations on an aria, its original publication was titled Keyboard Practice, consisting of an Aria with diverse Variations for the Harpsichord with two manuals.
		The variations are arranged as ten groups of three, with every third being a canon and each canon involving a larger interval than the previous.
	www.northportarts.org /goldberg.html (273 words)

	Goldberg: Variations by Gabriel Josipovici « Book Review « ReadySteadyBook - a literary site
		Even the obvious reference to Bach’s prodigious keyboard work is a cunningly bent arrow, for Goldberg: Variations is a jigsaw puzzle whose solution lies in the looping, criss-crossing line that separates the pieces.
		Josipovici’s Goldberg, in setting out his task, begins to answer it, for we learn that this first story, told in the form of a letter to his wife, will be what he will read to Westfield—or perhaps what he is now reading, as we read, following his voice.
		Goldberg: Variations is not about music, though it may be about sleep: sleep as the destination and the reward of writing that has made the arbitrary essential and given the elemental breath.
	www.readysteadybook.com /BookReview.aspx?isbn=1857545974 (691 words)

	BACH Goldberg Variations. Chung (Channel) - INKPOT
		Her feel for the music is essentially romantic, a fact that is made evident firstly in her employment of an unusually wide range of dynamics, and, secondly, in her liberal treatment of the tempi and preference for a sprinkling of rubato in a few slower variations.
		Without a doubt, she handles quick variations with the fullest confidence and character, but in the slower variations, she lacks the lustre to brings out all the melodic nuances, and pieces sound dreadfully pale.
		Also, there is a reverberating hum to the piano, (either the microphones were too near the piano or the studio had acoustic flaws) that muddles variations that had a flurry of notes, especially in variations 8 and 14.
	inkpot.com /classical/bachgoldchung.html (772 words)

	Goldberg Variations by Rosalyn Tureck at jsbach.org
		Noteworthy variations performed are numbers 8,16,22 and all the minor key variations (15,21,25).
		Although I am appalled by the interpretation of Gould to the Goldberg in his 1955 performance these variations have at least the pianistic quality of virtuoso pieces.
		In this most recent recording of the monumental Goldberg Variation, Dr.Tureck has demonstrated to us the very basic underlying principal and discipline for the performance of this work.
	www.jsbach.org /goldbergrosalyn.html (584 words)

	AndyBiskin.com: PROJECTS
		Goldberg's Variations is a suite of twelve classic Rube Goldberg inventions, brought to life with new video animations and original music.
		In the tradition of the silent film era, Goldberg's Variations is performed live in a darkened theater.
		Goldberg's Variations was commissioned by New York City's Symphony Space, where it premiered in May of 2003.
	www.andybiskin.com /projects.html (994 words)

	Dave's J.S. Bach Works Catalog - Keyboard Works - The Goldberg Variations
		Bach also composed 14 Canons on the First Eight Notes of the Goldberg Ground which was included as an appendix to Bach's personal printed edition of the Goldberg Variations discovered in Strasbourg, Germany in 1974.
		The "Goldberg" Variations were first published in 1742 by Balthasar Schmid in Nürnberg under the modest title: "Keyboard-practice, consisting of an Aria with different variations for the harpsichord with two manuals.
		But for all their lyricism and tragic passion and exuberance, the Aria and the Variations seem of a divine substance entirely refined and purified of anything personal or ignoble, so that in playing them one seems only the unworthy mouthpiece of a higher voice.
	www.jsbach.net /catalog/03220000000.html (1147 words)

	Amazon.com: Goldberg Variations: Music: J.S. Bach,Angela Hewitt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Bach wrote very, very few variation compositions like the "Goldberg Variations," but the one's he wrote are most memorable and monumental.
		Angela Hewitt's Goldbergs - and really all her Bach or Couperin in general - may be most simplistically characterized as having a more gentle, graceful and heartfelt style.
		Perhaps in the back of her mind she is tempering her expression in light of the legend that Bach wrote these pieces for his student Goldberg to play at night to help his employer, the insomniac Count Keyserling, pass the time during his sleepness nights.
	www.amazon.com /Goldberg-Variations-Angela-Hewitt/dp/B00004S3B4 (2086 words)

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