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Topic: Golgi apparatus

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Golgi Apparatus budding

Endoplasmic reticulum

Vesicle

Biological cell

Organelle

Lysosome

Protein targeting

Integral protein

Plasma membrane

Ribosome

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	Golgi apparatus
		The Golgi apparatus is present in all cells but tends to be more prominent where there are a lot of substances, such as enzymes, being secreted.
		The transport vesicles from the ER fuse with the cis face of the Golgi apparatus (to the cisternae) and empty their protein content into the Golgi lumen (the internal space of the Golgi apparatus).
		(11) Cisternae of the Golgi apparatus.(12) Secretory vesicle.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/go/Golgi_apparatus.html (370 words)

	Golgi apparatus - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Golgi apparatus is present in most eukaryotic cells, but tends to be more prominent where there are a lot of substances, such as enzymes, being secreted.
		The transport vesicles from the ER fuse with the cis face of the Golgi apparatus (to the cisternae) and empty their protein content into the Golgi lumen.
		The transport mechanism itself is not yet clear; it could happen by cisternae progression (the movement of the apparatus itself, building new cisternae at the cis face and destroying them at the trans face) or by vesicular transport (small vesicles transport the proteins from one cisterna to the next, while the cisternae remain unchanged).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Golgi_apparatus (641 words)

	Golgi Readings 421
		Biochemically, the Golgi apparatus is a transition cell component that functions as intermediaries between the endoplasmic reticulum and the cell surface.
		In these nongrowing cells the Golgi apparatus function is not viewed primarily as one of membrane biogenesis but rather the concentration and segregation of proteins for export into condensing vacuoles (prozymogen granules) and eventually into mature zymogen granules.
		The Golgi apparatus of both cell types is engaged in the segregation, modification, and secretion of lipoproteins to the circulation (to the capillary space for liver and to the lymphatics for intestine).
	www.bio.utk.edu /kennedy/Golgireadings421.htm (2298 words)

	Golgi Apparatus
		The Golgi apparatus processes proteins that are targeted to the plasma membrane or endosomes.
		Golgi apparatus are found in most eukaryotic cells, and are found most frequently near heavy protein concentrations.
		An example of the Golgi apparatus's functioning is the modification of glycoproteins used in the construction of the cell membrane.
	www.iscid.org /encyclopedia/Golgi_Apparatus (213 words)

	Life and Discoveries of Camillo Golgi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Golgi graduated in 1865 and was, therefore, a student during the last years of the fights for the independence of Italy (Italy became united in 1870).
		Golgi established in the Institute of General Pathology a very active laboratory, with international contacts, and was especially gifted in stimulating his students and foreign guests, including the Norwegian histologist and explorer Fridtjof Nansen (1861-1930), Nobel Laureate in Peace 1922.
		Golgi's discovery of the fl reaction and his subsequent investigations provided a substantial contribution to the advancement of the knowledge on the structural organization of the nervous tissue.
	nobelprize.org /nobel_prizes/medicine/articles/golgi/index.html (1598 words)

	Golgi apparatus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The primary function of the Golgi apparatus is to process and package macromolecules synethesised by the cell, primarily proteins and lipids.
		The Golgi apparatus is composed of a steak of fattened, membrane-bound sacs known as cisternae.
		As such, the Golgi apparatus tends to be more prominent and numerous in cells synthesising and secreting many substances: plasma B cells, the antibody-secreting cells of the immune system, have prominent Golgi complexes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Golgi_apparatus (589 words)

	Camillo Golgi (www.whonamedit.com)
		In 1876 Golgi became extraordinary professor of histology at the University of Pavia, and that year was invited to Siena as ordinarius of anatomy.
		The discovery of Golgi cells led the German anatomist Wilhelm von Waldeyer-Hartz (1836-1921) to postulate in 1891 that the nerve cell is the basic structural unit of the nervous system, a critical point in the development of modern neurology.
		Golgi was dean of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Pavia, and rector of this university for several years.
	www.whonamedit.com /doctor.cfm/2127.html (1336 words)

	Golgi apparatus - humpath.com
		The subcompartmentalized structure of the Golgi apparatus contributes to efficient glycosylation in the secretory pathway.
		The precision of this vesicle transport is dependent on the interplay between the key factors that mediate vesicle budding and fusion—the coat proteins and the SNARE fusion machinery.
		The Golgi apparatus is a stack of compartments that serves as a central junction for membrane traffic, with carriers moving through the stack as well as arriving from, and departing toward, many other destinations in the cell.
	www.humpath.com /article.php3?id_article=253 (413 words)

	Invitrogen - Molecular Probes - Section 12.4 - Probes for the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Apparatus
		The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus (Figure 12.1) are primarily responsible for the proper sorting of lipids and proteins in cells.
		Effects of BFA (B7450) on the transport of proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the ER Farber's disease, a genetically inherited disease of lipid metabolism
		The Golgi apparatus of oligodendrocytes and ganglion neurons are readily stained by fluorescent GS-II conjugates.
	probes.invitrogen.com /handbook/sections/1204.html (2590 words)

	The Golgi Complex
		The inside of the vesicle becomes continuous with the inside of the Golgi cisternae, so that protein groups pointing towards the inside, could eventually be directed to face the outside of the cell.
		This model suggests that the new vesicles from the ER enter the cis Golgi network and retrograde vesicles (bearing COPI) coats move to merge with the cis region cisternae.
		These carry Golgi complex processing enzymes and their targeting to this region may be dependent on the low concentration of these processing enzymes.
	cellbio.utmb.edu /cellbio/golgi.htm (1209 words)

	CELL BIOLOGY: ON THE GOLGI APPARATUS DURING FISSION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		One organelle that continues to be the center of attention is the Golgi apparatus, which is composed of stacks of flattened membrane disks that in mammals are connected laterally to form a single ribbon.
		Golgi was the first to introduce the use of silver salts in staining cells (he received the Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine in 1906), and with this silver stain method cellular components were revealed that were previously invisible when cells were treated with organic dyes (the standard classical method of staining cells).
		The Golgi apparatus (Golgi complex) is a collection of organelles (Golgi bodies) in eukaryotic cells (i.e., cells with internal membrane-bound organelles) that essentially function as a collecting and packaging center for substances that the cell manufactures for export.
	scienceweek.com /2004/sb040903-3.htm (1783 words)

	Plant Cells-The Golgi Apparatus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Golgi apparatus is located throughout the cell, especially near the nucleus.
		Before leaving the Golgi apparatus, they are attached to a carbohydrate or lipid, and coated with a special membrane so they do not affect the cell.
		The polysaccharides produced by the Golgi apparatus are used in the mucus of animal cells.
	sun.menloschool.org /~cweaver/cells/c/golgi (345 words)

	Golgi Apparatus Dynamics During Mouse Oocyte In Vitro Maturation: Effect of the Membrane Trafficking Inhibitor ...
		from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus [33].
		Confocal imaging of the Golgi apparatus of mouse GV oocytes as affected by brefeldin A. The Golgi apparatus was imaged by immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy using an antibody directed against the trans-Golgi network protein TGN38.
		The Golgi apparatus of mouse oocytes was labeled by immunocytochemistry using the giantin antibody (red) during several stages of maturation.
	www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/66/5/1259 (5141 words)

	Fragmentation of the Golgi Apparatus. A ROLE FOR beta III SPECTRIN AND SYNTHESIS OF PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL ...
		Golgi apparatus underwent fragmentation in the absence of PtdIns(4,5)P
		the Golgi apparatus fragments in the absence of PtdIns(4,5)P
		in mediating fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus (18).
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/278/3/1957 (5011 words)

	A Web Atlas of Cellular Structures: The Golgi Apparatus
		Following the ER, the protein enters the Golgi apparatus where it is further modified by the addition of polysaccharide chains and packaged into vesicles.
		In plant cells, the Golgi apparatus is involved in the synthesis of polysaccharides used to build the cell wall surrounding the cell.
		While in animal cells, the Golgi apparatus is involved in the synthesis or modification of polysaccharide chains that are attached to proteins or lipids.
	www.itg.uiuc.edu /technology/atlas/structures/golgi (253 words)

	A Dynamin-Like Protein Associates with the Golgi Apparatus
		Because similar membrane-budding events occur at the Golgi apparatus and multiple dynamin isoforms exist, we have studied the distribution of dynamins in mammalian cells.
		Upon enriching for Golgi membranes, as determined by the increased immunoreactivity for alpha-mannosidase II, beta-COP, rab 6, and the 105 kD form of the polymeric IgA receptor (IgA rec, lower band), there is a concomitant increase in dynamin immunoreactivity, with the greatest enrichment in the stacked Golgi fraction.
		Golgi fractions (Golgi) were isolated from liver using two different established methods, and consisted of either a stacked Golgi fraction (Prep I), or a mixture of Golgi heavy and Golgi light membrane fractions (Prep II; see Materials and Methods).
	mayoresearch.mayo.edu /mayo/research/mcniven_lab/gogli_dynamin.cfm (965 words)

	Golgi apparatus
		Also known as the Golgi body or Golgi complex, a collection of vesicles and folded membranes in a cell, usually connected to the endoplasmic reticulum.
		Found universally in both plant and animal cells, the Golgi apparatus is typically comprised of a series of five to eight cup-shaped, membrane-covered sacs called cisternae that look something like a stack of deflated balloons.
		There is no connection to Golgi cells, which are types of neurons (nerve cells) within the central nervous system.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/G/Golgi_apparatus.html (226 words)

	Golgi Processing, Lysosomes, and Endocytosis
		The vesicles fuses with the part of the Golgi apparatus that is closest to the center of the cell, called the cis face of the Golgi apparatus.
		Moreover, the Golgi enzymes are not randomly distributed throughout the Golgi but are usually restricted to one of the three regions--cis, medial, and trans--Golgi.
		However, there are also alternative pathways by which particular components of the Golgi apparatus are pulled out of the default pathway and sent to other destinations in the cell, including lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum.
	www.lclark.edu /~reiness/cellbio/lectures/lect17.htm (2760 words)

	Biology4Kids.com: Cell Structure: Golgi Complex
		Golgi complexes in the plant may also create complex sugars and send them off in secretory vesicles.
		This vesicle or sac floats through the cytoplasm to the Golgi apparatus and is absorbed.
		After the Golgi does its work on the molecules inside the sac, a secretory vesicle is created and released into the cytoplasm.
	www.biology4kids.com /files/cell_golgi.html (356 words)

	Golgi Apparatus
		The Golgi complex is composed of numerous sets of smooth cisternae, which are coated with lipid membranes.
		The Golgi is principally responsible for directing molecular traffic in the cell - nearly all molecules pass through the Golgi complex at some point in their existence.
		When proteins bind with their appropriate receptor on the vesicle, they are encoated in the vesicle and transported away.
	library.thinkquest.org /C004535/golgi_apparatus.html (115 words)

	Dynamics of the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Apparatus during Early Sea Urchin Development -- Terasaki 11 (3): 897 ...
		The Golgi that were located farther away from the focal plane gave rise to a progressively more hazy image, and sometimes it was difficult to determine whether an image corresponded to one or two separate Golgi.
		This sequence shows that the decrease in the number of Golgi in one optical section seen in Figure 5 corresponds to a decrease in the number of Golgi throughout the cell rather than a redistribution of the Golgi out of the plane of the optical section.
		Thyberg, J., and Moskalewski, S. Reorganization of the Golgi complex in association with mitosis: redistribution of mannosidase II to the endoplasmic reticulum and effects of brefeldin A. Submicrosc.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/11/3/897 (8956 words)

	Drosophila gene families: Golgi apparatus
		The 120-kDa protein was identified by immunoaffinity purification and protein sequencing as a Drosophila homolog of the vertebrate 160-kDa medial Golgi sialoglycoprotein (MG160), which resides uniformly in the medial-cisternae of the Golgi apparatus in vertebrate cells.
		The variety of Golgi units might be established by separate transport of secretory proteins and glycosylenzymes from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the distinct Golgi units.
		Whereas Golgi units are dispersed throughout Drosophila cells, the Golgi complex in mammalian cells is thought to be a single entity that is located in the pericentriolar region through its association with the microtubule-organizing center in interphase and which is fragmented at the onset of mitosis.
	www.sdbonline.org /fly/aignfam/golgi.htm (2863 words)

	Phish.Net FAQ: Golgi Apparatus
		"The golgi apparatus is a part (organelle) of non-bacterial (eukaryotic) cells that is the site of several cell functions, including synthesis of carbohydrates, secretion of proteins to the outside of the cell, and transport of cell wastes to the digestive mechanism of the cell.
		Lyrical meaning: The golgi apparatus (which is not a power structure in the mitochondrion, as errantly reported here earlier) sorts, processes, and ships proteins.
		The lyrics "call you lysosome cause you run so fast" and "i saw you with a ticket stub in your hand" may thus mean that the singer has observed proteins which have been so "tagged" by the golgi apparatus, given a ticket and thus made mobile.
	www.phish.net /faq/golgi.html (340 words)

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