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	BROWN UNIVERSITY
		The Tre Maggiori, the highest executive offices of the Florentine Republic, consisted of the Gonfaloniere di Giustizia and Priors (assisted by a notary) and two advisory councils: the Buonuomini and the Gonfalonieri di Compagnia.
		A seventh prior appeared as the Gonfaloniere di Giustizia ("vexillifer justitiae"--"Standard-bearer of Justice") who was to execute judicial sentences pronounced by the Podestà (the chief judicial official--always a foreigner) and to assume leadership of the guild militia.
		Selection of the Gonfaloniere di Giustizia rotated by quarter in successive elections and the quarter of the Gonfaloniere di Giustizia determined the quarter from which the two priors from the Arti Minori were selected.
	www.stg.brown.edu /projects/tratte/historicalOverview.html (4686 words)

	Gonfaloniere - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Gonfaloniere was a highly prestigious communal post in medieval and Renaissance Italy, notably in Florence.
		In Florence, he was one of the nine citizens selected by drawing lots every two months, who form the government, the Signoria.
		A century later, when Artemisia Gentileschi painted a portrait of Pietro Gentile as a gonfaloniere of Bologna in 1622, with the gonfalon in the background, the appointment was a shadow formality.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gonfaloniere (205 words)

	Gonfaloniere -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Gonfaloniere was a highly prestigious (additional info and facts about communal) communal post in medieval and Renaissance Italy, notably in (A town in northeast South Carolina; transportation center) Florence.
		There he is one of the nine citizens selected by drawing lots every two months, who form the government, the (additional info and facts about Signoria) Signoria.
		When (additional info and facts about Artemisia Gentileschi) Artemisia Gentileschi painted a portrait of Pietro Gentile as a gonfaloniere of Bologna in 1622, with the gonfalon in the background, the appointment was a shadow formality.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/go/gonfaloniere.htm (189 words)

	Signoria of Florence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In undertaking their governmental duties, the Signoria was required to consult two other elected councils collectively known as Collegi.
		The first is the Dodici Buonomini, with twelve members, and the second, Sedici Gonfaloniere, consisting of sixteen people.
		Other councils, like the Ten of War, the Eight of Security and the Six of Commence, were elected as the need arose.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Signoria_of_Florence (262 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Gonfaloniere of Spoleto, 16 November 1826 1205 1536.
		Gonfaloniere of Spoleto, 18 December 1826 1213 1546.
		Gonfaloniere of Spoleto, 19 December 1826 1213 1547.
	www.mission-preciousblood.org /Docsfiles/gaspar_letters/1501-1550.doc (14331 words)

	Biography of Giorgio Vasari (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		He built himself in 1547 a fine house in Arezzo (now a museum honoring him), and spent much labour in decorating its walls and vaults with paintings.
		He was elected one of the municipal council or priori of his native town, and finally rose to the supreme office of gonfaloniere.
		In 1563 he founded the Accademia del Disegno at Florence, with the Grand Duke and Michelangelo as capi of the institution and thirty-six artists chosen for members.
	biography-2.qardinalinfo.com /v/Vasari_Giorgio.html (718 words)

	Machiavelli, Writings vol. 1 - History of Florence Books 3-4: The Online Library of Liberty
		They thanked the Gonfaloniere humbly for having performed his duty to them as a good magistrate, and to the city as a good citizen, promising always promptly to obey whatever commands might be given them.
		Having accomplished this victory, the city was restored to quiet by the mere valor of the Gonfaloniere, who excelled at that time all other citizens in courage, prudence, and goodness, and deserves to be counted amongst the few men who have really benefited their country.
		The office of Gonfaloniere of Justice was taken from the minor guilds, and their share of the public offices was reduced from one half to one third, and these were only those of the lower grade.
	oll.libertyfund.org /Texts/Machiavelli0156/Writings/HTMLs/Florence/0076-01_Pt03b_Books3-4.html (17757 words)

	gonfalonier -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Italian Gonfaloniere (“standard bearer”), a title of high civic magistrates in the medieval Italian city-states.
		In Florence the gonfaloniers of the companies (gonfalonieri di compagnia) originated during the 1250s as commanders of the people's militia.
		In the 1280s a new office called the gonfalonier of justice (gonfaloniere di giustizia) was instituted to protect the interests of the people against…
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9037348 (182 words)

	Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, The: Two great minds met in Florence in 1503 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Da Vinci's contract for the work with the ruler of Florence, the Gonfaloniere Signoria, is co-signed by Machiavelli in his capacity as a government official.
		It was the Gonfaloniere Signoria who asked da Vinci to conduct a feasibility study of the river project.
		In his view, the Arno project elliptically referred to in "The Prince" as the "dikes and dams" that control "the river of fortune" inspired Machiavelli's intellectual synthesis, which today defines modern society.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qn4196/is_19961212/ai_n10282546 (846 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Florence
		The government was then entrusted to two men, one a podestà, the other a Capitano del Popolo (captain of the people), both of them outsiders; besides these the six precincts of the town nominated each two anziani, or elders.
		The advantage of the new arrangement was quickly shown in the wars against neighbouring towns once their allies, but which had fallen under Ghibelline control.
		To crown the insult a new magistrate, styled gonfaloniere di giustizia, was appointed to repress all abuses on the part of the nobles.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06105c.htm (6455 words)

	Conrad
		Following the Sack of Rome in 1527 and the subsequent imprisonment of Pope Clement VII (a Medici), the people of Florence expelled the Medici family and on 17 May 1527 declared the city a Republic.
		The anti-Medicean, Niccolò Capponi who was elected Gonfaloniere was a moderate and realist who came, in his two terms in office, to believe that reconciliation with the Pope, who himself was attempting reconciliation with Charles V, would avert a later siege of the city by combined papal and imperial forces.
		Capponi therefore maintained links with the papal court and suspicions that he was involved in treacherous discussions with the Medici faction grew stronger.
	www.rldavids.force9.co.uk /florence.htm (376 words)

	Re: gonfaloniere (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		'gonfaloniere' means a standard-bearer; in practice it was the title of one
		dei Priori della Liberta nel 1390 e 1400, Ufficiale di moneta nel 1400 e 1411, dei X di guerra nel 1409, Gonfaloniere della Repubblica di Firenze nel 1410, Podesta di Pistoia nel 1411.
		Gonfalonier: head of government in republican Florence and Lucca, in Sienna the "gonfaloniere" was (and still is for touristic purposes I presume) head of a "terzo".
	www.ku.edu /carrie/archives/mediev-l/melcher/2003/06/msg00053.html (156 words)

	REVOLT OF THE CIOMPI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		They presented a series of petitions to the Signoria (executive council of Florence) demanding a more equitable fiscal policy and the right to establish guilds for those groups not already organized.
		Then, on July 22, the lower classes forcibly took over the government, placing one of their members, the wool carder Michele di Lando, in the important executive office of gonfaloniere of justice.
		The new government, controlled by the minor guilds, was novel in that for the first time it represented all the classes of society, including the Ciompi, who were raised to the status of a guild.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Acropolis/2506/ciompi.htm (280 words)

	BROWN UNIVERSITY
		In this case there was no double entry, but (as you can discover from the "Find out who was in office at a specific date" procedure for 1450) he was immediately replaced in that office by someone else.
		Cosimo may have avoided the office of Gonfaloniere di Compagnia--the only other times when he was still alive that he is reported to have been drawn for it (in 1436 and 1440) he was found to be ’in specolo’.
		The minimum age for holding the office of Gonfaloniere di Giustizia was 40; for most other offices it was 30.
	www.stg.brown.edu /projects/tratte/doc/NHELPS.html (8629 words)

	[No title]
		The first member of the Medici family to hold high public office was Ardingo de Medici, elected Gonfaloniere in 1296.
		The family went through a short period of decline afterward until Salvestro de Medici returned the Medici to prominence, holding the office of Gonfaloniere in 1370 and 1378.
		She bequeathed all the Medici treasures to the next Grand Duke, with the condition that nothing ever be removed from Florence.
	galileo.rice.edu /lib/student_work/florence96/alexc/medici.html (1069 words)

	Gonfannon or Gonfalon i.e. Flags - NetSword Discussion Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		But its important to know that amongst the Italians of the periods the Gonfaloniere is a political and military position that a person is either voted or placed into and is, an important and influential post.
		One of the highest positions for a military commander in the Italies, was that of Gonfaloniere of the Church, which meant that any time Papal troops went into battle that person led them.
		Cesare Borgia was Gonfaloniere of the Church I believe, as well as the noted Guidobaldo Montefeltro, Duke of Urbino (think that was his first name).
	www.netsword.com /ubb/Forum7/HTML/000177.html (972 words)

	Vasari on Michelangelo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		When Piero Soderini saw it, it pleased him much, but he said to Michael Angelo, who was engaged in retouching it in certain places, that he thought the nose was too thick.
		Michael Angelo, perceiving that the Gonfaloniere was below the statue, and could not see it truly, to satisfy him went up the scaffold, taki4g a chisel in his left hand with a little marble dust, and began to work with his chisel, letting a little dust fall now and then, but not touching the nose.
		Then looking down to the Gonfaloniere, who was watching, he said, "Look at it now." "It pleases me better," said the Gonfaloniere; "you have given it life." So Michael Angelo came down pitying those who make a show of understanding matters about which they really know nothing.
	www-class.unl.edu /ahis398b/classmats/lectures/vasmich.html (542 words)

	A Village of Ideas: Nicolo' Machiavelli (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Florence was ruled by the Medici family since 1434 but were overruled by a reform movement that was initiated by the French Invasion in which Machiavelli became an important diplomat in his youth.
		The Medici family recovered their title as rulers of the country, and Machiaveilli was immediately dealt with by torture and isolation from public life since he was found guilty on conspiracy with his patron, Gonfaloniere Soderini.
		He was later released and decided to spend the rest of his life to writing literature.
	www.uta.edu /english/hawk/syllabi/village/machiavelli.html (613 words)

	Guicciardini, The Sack of Rome
		Every Italian chronicle written at that time gives room to what must have seemed like a new barbarian invasion, probably because many of those who sacked the city were Lutheran.
		The Florentine Luigi Guicciardini, who was forty-nine of age when Rome was taken by storm, held the office of Gonfaloniere di Giustizia in 1527 and had his brother, the famous writer and historian Francesco, as lieutenant of the papal forces.
		Thus, he was in a good position to judge the events leading to the sack.
	www.deremilitari.org /REVIEWS/Guicciardini.htm (1012 words)

	Fagnano_Giovanni (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Giovanni's father Giulio Fagnano held high office in Sinigaglia.
		He was appointed gonfaloniere in 1723 when Giovanni was eight years old.
		Giovanni was one of many children in his family but the only one to follow his father's interest in mathematics.
	www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk /history/Mathematicians/Fagnano_Giovanni.html (313 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		[Copy of letter to Piero Soderini, Gonfaloniere of the Republic of Florence.]","","k11901","00010001.gif","1","1","","00010001.jpg" "Letter[a] de Americo.
		[Copy of letter to Piero Soderini, Gonfaloniere of the Republic of Florence.]","","k11901","00020002.gif","2","2","","00020002.jpg" "Letter[a] de Americo.
		[Copy of letter to Piero Soderini, Gonfaloniere of the Republic of Florence.]","","k11901","00030003.gif","3","3","","00030003.jpg" "Letter[a] de Americo.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /service/mss/mespk/k11901/mespkk11901.data (252 words)

	History 1A seminar worksheet - Order and Rebellion II
		By their direction and counsel they formed the emergency committee of the Eight of War and entered the town hall with their own head of government (Gonfaloniere di giustizia), Michele di Lando, a skinner in the wool industry or a comber of wool, whose mother sold cups and saucers.
		Orders were given in the name of the head of the leader of the workers (gonfaloniere di giustizia del popolo minuto).
		They held the town hall, directed the government (Signoria), made decisions and struck out earlier ones, held the keys to the city, locked the city gates, wrote official letters and gave orders.
	www.arts.gla.ac.uk /history/Medieval/Level1/seminars/order2.htm (681 words)

	Pazzi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		On April 26, during High Mass at the Duomo, Giuliano de' Medici was stabbed by a gang that included a priest, and bled to death on the cathedral floor, while his brother Lorenzo escaped with a wound, locked safely in the sacristy by the humanist Poliziano.
		A coordinated attempt to capture the Gonfaloniere and Signoria was thwarted when the archbishop and the head of the Salviati clan were trapped in a room whose doors had a hidden latch.
		The enraged Florentines seized and killed the conspirators.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/p/pa/pazzi.html (934 words)

	DragonBear History: All That: Carolingia : Florence
		the Gonfaloniere della Giustizia (Standard-Bearer of Justice), the commander of the armi, charged with enforcing the restrictions on the political activity and civil rights of the nobility that formed the heart of the Ordinances of Justice;
		Baron Patri always said that Carolingia was set up like an Italian city-state, but I didn't realize at the time how true that was.
		It's not just that we used titles like podesta and gonfaloniere, it's the basic make-up of Council, which is much closer to that of 13th-century Florence than to any form of government in medieval Europe north of the Alps.
	www.dragonbear.com /florence.html (1299 words)

	Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance . Renaissance . Republic \| PBS
		Every few months, a new head of state, or Gonfaloniere, was elected from the eight priori (made up of two from the quarters, and six from the guilds) who together formed the Signoria.
		Theoretically, Florence's leader could be anyone, from a lawyer to a butcher.
		In 1402, Giovanni de'Medici was elected Prior for the wool merchants guild, and in 1421, he was elected Gonfaloniere.
	www.pbs.org /empires/medici/renaissance/republic.html (470 words)

	artnet.com: Resource Library: Niccolò di Buonaccorso (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In May and June 1372 and in March and April 1376 he participated in the government of Siena.
		He was Gonfaloniere for the Terzo di S Martino in 1381.
		Niccolò painted the capello, presumably the baldacchino, over the high altar of Siena Cathedral in 1376 and, in 1383, a panel of the prophet Daniel for an altar in the cathedral.
	www.artnet.com /library/06/0623/T062300.asp (259 words)

	Vasari's Biography of Michelangelo
		Michelangelo seeing the gonfaloniere below and knowing that he could not see properly, mounted the scaffolding and taking his chisel dexterously let a little marble dust fall on to the gonfaloniere, without, however, actually altering his work.
		When Leonardo da Vinci was painting in the Great Hall of the Council, as related in his Life, Piero Soderini, the gonfaloniere, his great genius, and the artist chose the war of Pisa as his subject.
		However, at the instance of the couriers, he at length wrote a few lines asking the Pope to excuse him, saying he would never return as he had been driven away like a rogue, that his faithful service merited better treatment, and that he should find someone else to serve him.
	employees.oneonta.edu /farberas/arth/Arth213/michelangelo_vasari.html (11725 words)

	(Andronicus II PALAIOLOGOS - Irene PALEOLOGO ) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Constantino PALEOLOGO (Gonfaloniere, di Asti) (1315 - Spring 1348)
		Demetrio PALEOLOGO (Gonfaloniere, di Asti) (1317 - ____)
		Giovanni II PALEOLOGO (Gonfaloniere, di Asti) (1312 - Spring 1346)
	www.qserve.net /~zircon/gen/index/ind0222.html (79 words)

	Blake's 7 - Renaissance
		The door at last opened, and the civil servant, blank-faced, as always, came towards them.
		"The gonfaloniere will not be able to see you today," was the announcement.
		"But the gonfaloniere is not here," the newcomer said, puzzled.
	www.hermit.org /b7/Fanzines/Judiths/RenaXtrct.html (1369 words)

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