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Topic: Gonopodium

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	Certain fish have a special mating preference
		These fish out-compete the larger-endowed males in a predator-laden environment because they have a faster burst speed than the males with larger genitalia, who lose out because the size of their organ slows them down, making them ripe for capture by larger fish.
		"A male with a larger gonopodium has a higher chance of mating, but in a predator environment he has a higher probability of dying," Langerhans said.
		One video was of a male mosquitofish with an average gonopodium; the other was of a male with a 15 percent larger one.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-05/wuis-cfh050405.php (879 words)

	Cyprinodontiformes (rivulines, killifishes and live bearers)
		In Anablepinae eyes prominently raised above top of head; each eye divided lengthwise into upper and lower parts giving rise to two pupils each for the right and left eyes; individuals swim with center of eye aligned with the water level and are capable of double vision.
		Gonopodium and female genital aperture either dextral or sinistral.
		Males with the anterior rays of anal fin crowded, shorter, and partly separate from rest of fin (suspected as a primitive gonopodium called pseudophallus).
	members.tripod.com /TropicalFishCatalog/species/cyprinodontiformes.htm (247 words)

	live
		Males have a special anal fin (the gonopodium), females have plumper bodies with fan shaped anal fin.
		Instead coulour is used to tell them apart with the males being gold coloured on their lower flanks and the females being more of a blue colour.
		Males have a specially adapted rod like anal fin (called the gonopodium) and are available in hundreds of different colour variations, females have a fan shaped anal fin, smaller caudal fin (tail) and are larger and less colourful.
	www.looksreasonable.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /live.htm (470 words)

	Special Aquarium Tropical Fish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		As he matures, it rapidly lengthens into a straight, rod like projection, carried backwards and parallel to the body, and usually close to it, although capable of being quickly moved at any angle, forward or sideways.
		We are not certain that the gonopodium actually enters the egg duct, which is at the vent of the female.
		Male platties are slightly smaller and have a gonopodium instead of an anal fin.
	members.aol.com /andrerich/aquarium/page8a.htm (1203 words)

	LiveScience.com - Well Endowed Fish Get the Girls
		The gonopodium must be inserted into the female gonopore, and then eject the sperm into the female body, in order to achieve insemination."
		The study involved mosquitofish from two places, one where there were predators and one without.
		He also plans to investigate whether a preference for large gonopodia caused male swordtail fish to develop their long, showy tails, which serve about as much everyday purpose as large biceps on an insurance salesman.
	www.livescience.com /animalworld/050511_fish_organs.html (659 words)

	How to identify a lyretails sex? - Tropical Fish Forums
		This Picture shows what I thought to be the gonopodium, but it does have good finnage as well as the long trailing part were as the one gonopodium on the male also in the shot has basically no finnage on the gonpodium
		The male lyretail's gonopodium looks pretty very similar to a reg swordies except it is extremely long.
		Because the gonopodium is as distorted in length as the rest of the fins it doesn't function properly and apparently is unable to deliver the sperm packets.
	www.fishforums.net /index.php?showtopic=84754 (661 words)

	Gonopodium development in normal male and 11-ketotestosterone-treated female mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis): a ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Gonopodium development in normal male and 11-ketotestosterone-treated female mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis): a quantitative study using computer image analysis.
		Mature male mosquitofish possess a highly modified anal fin called a gonopodium that develops from an unmodified female-like anal fin under the influence of endogenous androgens at sexual maturity.
		Although females do not normally develop gonopodia, their anal fins can be induced to develop into gonopodium-like structures by the administration of androgens.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_11482943.html (162 words)

	Guppy FAQ's
		The male with the least desirable traits often impregnates the females, and all chances of controlled breeding is lost.
		This is a good reason to separate them before the male can develop his gonopodium.
		He cannot inseminate females until his gonopodium (see Anatomy) is developed.
	guppyplace.tripod.com /FAQS.html (1959 words)

	Aquaria Central - male swordtails
		the reason im asking this is because so far, i have only spotted 1 with a gonopodium and he is about 1.5" long and is starting to grow a "sword" on his tailfin..
		its not that hard looking for the gonopodium because the pond is elevated and i just have to put my eye at water level at the side of the pond and they all come near me because they think they r gonna eat lol
		i also read an old post by mishi8 where i think she said that the gonopodium is not yet visible or not yet there in small fry and that all of them look like females?
	www.aquariacentral.com /forums/printthread.php?t=57625 (670 words)

	For Some Females, Size Does Matter
		Langerhans said that the fish with smaller genitalia have a faster burst speed than the males with larger genitalia, who lose out because the size of their organ slows them down, making them ripe for capture by larger fish.
		Langerhans examined the mating preference of about 50 mosquitofish females, where each female was placed in an aquarium having two videos playing side-by-side at one end of the aquarium.
		But biologist Brian Langerhans, from Washington University in St. Louis, said that this does not exclude males with an average-sized sex organ, called a gonopodium, as these fish can out-swim the larger-endowed males in a predator-laden environment.
	www.scienceagogo.com /news/20050429221708data_trunc_sys.shtml (1258 words)

	Untitled
		The male has a gonopodium and is smaller than the female
		The male has a gonopodium and the male is smaller
		The male has a gonopodium and is smaller
	website.lineone.net /~tropical-world/species/poeciliidae.htm (57 words)

	Pharyngula: The burden of bearing a massive penis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The gonopodium is a modified pelvic fin that is used as an intromittent organ, and is a penis-like structure.
		They showed female fish two videos of a male fish, one unretouched, and the other completely identical except that the gonopodium was digitally enhanced to be 15% larger.
		That large object hanging off the fish represents a good bit of drag, reducing speed, maneuverability, and endurance, and may also be something to catch the eye of predators.
	scienceblogs.com /pharyngula/2006/06/the_burden_of_bearing_a_massiv.php (1980 words)

	Lab Exercise 5 - Behavior of Guppies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Guppies are live-bearing, with brood sizes of 1-25, according to the size of the female.
		Maturation occurs after 6-8 weeks at which point the male anal fin develops into an elongated organ, the gonopodium, which is used for internal fertilization.
		An example from Gonopodial Swinging would be the length of time the gonopodium is held forward.
	caspar.bgsu.edu /~courses/Ethology/Labs/Guppy1 (1586 words)

	Aquaria Central - Sexing mollies and the like
		Both of these species are livebearers and in both the males and females are easily told apart.
		The females will have a normal fan shaped anal fin, the males will have a modified anal fin called a gonopodium.
		This gonopodium has various hooks and spines to help grasp the female during mating.
	www.aquariacentral.com /forums/printthread.php?t=43649 (388 words)

	Tropical Fish Centre - gonopodium/gravid spot
		the rest are deffo' males they gonopodium is very formed and noticable theres about 4(one has died so cant remember how many now)..
		One of the females started to form a gonopodium about three weeks ago.
		It took about a week for it to form and now appears to be a male fish.
	tropicalfish.site5.com /tfc/archive/index.php/t-3679.html (475 words)

	Guppies Onli Portal › Forums › Guppy FAQ › FAQ - Breeding › How Male guppy mate with Female ...
		Usually about three weeks of age, the anal fin of males begins to develop into the shape of a stick with a hook (gonopodium).
		Forced copulations consist of rapid thrusts of the gonopodium at the genital pore of the female in an attempt to copulate without the female consent.
		The hook holds the gonopodium in place for the transfer of the sperm packets along the spermaduct.
	www.guppiesonli.com /dfly/Forums/viewtopic/t=23.html (458 words)

	Petfrd.com - Gambusia? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		26-08-2005 02:53 AM Must look at the male gonopodium to be sure, but G.
		Must look at the male gonopodium to be sure, but G.
		26-08-2005 04:20 AM A isn't exactly part of the gonopodium proper (I should have said "tip of the gonopodium").
	www.petfrd.com /forum/printthread.php?t=17336 (394 words)

	Platy Livebearers
		A gonopodium is the anal fin, or more precisely the anterior portion of the anal fin, that has turned into a copulatory organ.
		Both male and female fish can display a large gonopodium, but a male Platy will display a gonopodium that is elongated and much larger than that of a female gonopodium.
		Sperm is transferred from the male Platy to the female Platy via his gonopodium.
	www.aquaticcommunity.com /universal-viewid244.html (768 words)

	Guppies.com - Guppies
		January 6th-2005 09:39 AM Some time the gonopodium starts develops as early as a week.Some will take unti laround 8-10 weeks to be sure.That is why when you sex out your fry if you are unsure of what it is,then it goes into the male tank
		Yes its possible that the gonopodium show later, I have some fry that are 9 weeks old and they are just starting to show a gonopodium.
		Very nice fry, but becareful I bet some of those females will turn out to be male keep an eye on them.
	www.toad.net /~gmcbride/forums_archive/printthread.php?t=5473 (438 words)

	Certain female fish have special mating preference
		A tenet of Langerhans's study was his belief that the gonopodium could be viewed as a secondary sexual trait - similar to a peacock's tail, meant to enhance reproductive opportunity and selected by the female - rather than a primary sexual trait, which is the actual reproductive organ itself, simply meant to transfer sperm.
		Historically, genitalia were not believed to be subject to such sexual selection.
		"That is, male ornamentation of the tail fin may have evolved largely due to the pre-existing preference for an elongate structure of a similar shape — the gonopodium."
	www.physorg.com /news4109.html (1227 words)

	apostropher: A big gonopodium can be a drag.
		apostropher: A big gonopodium can be a drag.
		Male mosquitofish with bigger sex organs get more tail, but also tend to get eaten.
		Is that an engorged gonopodium in your pocket or are you just lazy?
	www.apostropher.com /blog/archives/002490.html (277 words)

	what does this mean - Tropical Fish Forums
		The gonopodium is the pelvic fins of male fish that have been converted into genital organs.
		The gonopodium is the male reproductive organ on live bearing fishes.
		It's an adaptation of the anal fin (I think, or did I just invent that part right now?
	www.fishforums.net /index.php?showtopic=11154 (278 words)

	Tropical Fish - Molly, Mollies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Breeding: Very easy to breed in the normal livebearer fashion.
		- See the article above for explanation of gonopodium.
		Comments: These fish can also tolerate slightly brackish waters.
	fish.orbust.net /mollies.html (148 words)

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