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Topic: Gorboduc (play)

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	[No title]
		Gorboduc, to be sure, was a ponderous piece, made according to the pseudo-classical fashion that soon went out of favor; while Tamburlaine the Great was triumphant with the drums and tramplings of romance.
		Plays were produced by daylight, under the sun of afternoon; and the stage could not be darkened, even when it was necessary for Macbeth to perpetrate a midnight murder.
		Otis Skinner, who secured his early training playing minor parts with actors of the "old school." It has become possible, under present conditions, for young actresses ignorant of elocution and unskilled in the first principles of impersonation to be exploited as stars merely because of their personal charm.
	www.humanitiesweb.org /human.php?s=s&p=l&a=c&ID=1433&o= (4256 words)

	§9. Introduction of "intermedii". IV. Early English Tragedy. Vol. 5. The Drama to 1642, Part One. The Cambridge ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		After the first act of the tragedy, there was a discourse between the chorus and Trojan citizens on the misfortunes of their country; after the second, Pluto appeared with the ghosts of the Trojan slain; after the third, Neptune and the council of the gods; after the fourth, other deities, especially Venus and Juno.
		The spectators often paid more attention to these intermedii than to the drama, to the disgust of dramatists, who were loud in their complaints; 11 and a contemporary critic remarks that they were of special interest to foreign visitors, who did not understand Italian.
		The play begins, in the conventional Senecan fashion, with an allusion to the dawn; but the practice of Italian tragedy and the precepts of the Italian interpreters of Aristotle’s Poetics are disregarded, as Sidney lamented in his Apologie:
	www.bonus.com /contour/bartlettqu/http@@/www.bartleby.com/215/0409.html (1018 words)

	Faust and Gorboduc
		The morality play, usually, called a 'morality', presented religious and ethical concerns from the point of view of the individual Christian, whose main concern was the salvation of his soul.
		Its introduction in England was due to the Earl of Surrey and it was firstly used in drama by Thomas Sackville and Thomas Norton in the Gorboduc.
		To put it in a nutshell, in these two plays, Gorboduc and Dr Faustus the heritage of the medieval dramatic form of the morality plays is obvious.
	allfreeessays.com /student/Faust_and_Gorboduc.html (1346 words)

	Bloomsbury.com - Research centre
		It is the first play to be written in blank verse, and is modelled on the tragedies of Seneca.
		The play was first acted before the queen in 1562 and is plainly designed as a warning to her against leaving her kingdom exposed to disunity.
		The authors are thus using history (or legend, which was not clearly distinguished from history) as later and greater dramatists were to use it, notably Shakespeare: that is to say, as a storehouse of political lessons that could be applied to the politics of their own time.
	www.bloomsbury.com /ARC/detail.asp?entryid=107690&bid=9 (413 words)

	Gorboduc - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gorboduc (Welsh: Gwrvyw) was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth.
		"A niece of King Gorboduc" is mentioned briefly by the Fool in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night.
		"Gorboduc" is the name of a poem by John Ashbery that appears in the collection April Galleons.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gorboduc (188 words)

	[No title]
		According to this authority, every play must be concerned with a "single, important and complete event"; in other words, it must have "unity of action." A second rule, relating to "unity of time," required that the events represented in a play must all occur within a single day.
		Then they would go to a play, and throw stones or dead cats at the actors if their tastes were not gratified.
		Gorboduc differed from all earlier plays in that it was divided into acts and scenes, and was written in blank verse.
	www.humanitiesweb.org /human.php?s=s&p=l&ID=507 (648 words)

	Gorboduc
		Gorboduc was the first play to use the medium of blank verse--and it did so well enough to set a trend, and to be grudgingly praised by Sir Philip Sidney.
		Gorboduc was written for performance before Queen Elizabeth, and it is evident that the writers (two young noblemen, Thomas Norton and Thomas Sackville) were concerned to instruct the Queen tactfully in the essential business of ensuring that she left an undisputed heir to the throne.
		Gorboduc is known to have been performed in the Great Hall at the Inns of Court (where lawyers were trained), and before Queen Elizabeth (click to see staging at Court); it may also have been performed at the home of one of the authors, Knole House.
	ise.uvic.ca /Library/SLT/drama/gorboduc.html (269 words)

	Notes on Gorboduc
		Looked at in one way the play can be seen as a warning to her of the dangers of not ruling firmly and with justice.
		Gorboduc seems to be reminding its audience that the civil wars of the fifteenth century (The Wars of the Roses) produced horrible chaos [which they perhaps did not] and reassuring the Queen (also in the audience) that those lessons have not been forgotten.
		Gorboduc is an instrument of control (a piece of state propaganda designed to influence political thought).
	artemis.austincollege.edu /acad/english/bbarrie/shakespeare/gorboduc.html (2508 words)

	Marlowe
		In no other play of his, nor in the majority of English literature, is there a scene to match the passionate and tragic inte nsity of Faustus' last hour on earth.
		This play is timeless because its subject matter is still interest ing today and because the force of Marlowe's conviction cannot help but invoke emotions in even the most soulless of critics.
		Also the protagonists in Mar lowe's plays are often similar to Everyman, particularly Dr. Faustus, except that these characters are individuals, and not mankind in general, in that the character learns something which is important to the audience as well.
	www.studyworld.com /basementpapers/sec_papers/Marlowe.html (1641 words)

	Gorboduc notes
		Gorboduc is in part an allegorical character in that he is most important for his political function; he is a symbol of the realm at least as much as he is a human being.
		The play was written to warn Elizabeth I of the danger that a civil war might result if the lines of succession were left unclear, and hence to also suggest that she designate and heir right away.
		Further complexity in the play arises from its treatment of primogeniture in Act I. The plays gives each perspective a fair chance to present and defend its case; the arguments here are serious, rather than staged in such a way as to designate a clear winner.
	flash.lakeheadu.ca /~jrichard/gorboduc.html (1065 words)

	Robert Huntington Fletcher: A History of English Literature: Chapter VI. The Drama From About 1550 To 1642 - Free ...
		Their chief models for tragedy were the plays of the first-century Roman Seneca, who may or may not have been identical with the philosopher who was the tutor of the Emperor Nero.
		The character of Lyly's plays was largely determined by the light and spectacular nature of these entertainments, and further by the fact that on most occasions the players at Court were boys.
		Many of the plays given by these boys were of the ordinary sorts, but it is evident that they would be most successful in dainty comedies especially adapted to their boyish capacity.
	fletcher.thefreelibrary.com /A-History-of-English-Literature/6-1 (4063 words)

	Gorboduc - Encyclopedia.com
		Gorboduc, or Ferrex and Porrex, the first English blank verse tragedy, was performed by the players of the Inner Temple in 1561.
		The first edition of the play, published in 1565, attributes the first three acts to Thomas Norton (1532-84) and the last two to Thomas Sackville.
		Gorboduc as a Tragic Discovery of "Feudalism".(Critical Essay)
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Gorboduc.html (378 words)

	The Inner Temple
		Gorboduc recounts the legend of Gorboduc, King of Britain, who divided his realm during his lifetime between his two sons, Ferrex and Porrox, against the advice of his principal advisors.
		To Tudor historians, it is the context of the play and its political message which are of prime importance.4 Since the beginning of Elizabeth I's reign, pressure had been mounting for the Queen to marry or, at least to settle the succession on a named candidate.
		Although Gorboduc has also been interpreted as propaganda in favour of the succession claims of the English Lady Catherine Grey over the foreign born and French educated Mary Queen of Scots, it seems certain that its primary purpose was to support the marriage suit of Lord Robert Dudley.
	www.innertemple.org.uk /archive/gorboduc.html (2063 words)

	Thomas Sackville Biography \| Dictionary of Literary Biography
		The play is based on the story of Gorbodugo as told by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his History of the Kings of Britain; it is the prototype of the King Lear story, and Shakespeare may have known Sackville and Norton's dramatic retelling of it.
		The play does not overtly advise the Queen: such directness would not only be impolite but possibly fatally impolitic, particularly since she commanded and attended a second performance on 18 January 1562, less than two weeks after the first.
		The play was first printed in 1565 from a copy secured by a young man who "lacked a little money and much discretion"; this pirated edition was followed by a corrected version in 1570, one that modern editors follow.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/thomas-sackville-dlb (1788 words)

	LITERARY MOVEMENTS IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY
		A popular form was the miracle play, on a theme from the Bible or the lives of the saints, presented by guilds and acted in the streets of the towns.
		The play was written to be performed in the household of Cardinal Morton; since Cardinal Morton died in 1500, the play must belong to the last years of the fifteenth century.
		In these eight plays Shakespeare has shown a unified conception of English history from the end of the fourteenth century to the coming of the Tudors, which is bound together by a chain of moral cause and effect that links the generations in a providential plan.
	vlib.iue.it /carrie/texts/carrie_books/gilbert/20.html (12637 words)

	Staging in noble households
		Plays were often staged in the houses of the nobility as well as at Court.
		Earlier plays from the period avoided special needs of this kind, often, like the Interludes, requiring only a cleared space among the spectators.
		Gorboduc was performed before Queen Elizabeth on January 18, 1562, two years before Shakespeare was born.
	ise.uvic.ca /Library/SLT/stage/greathall.html (168 words)

	The Political Gorboduc (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Gorboduc was first performed before the lawyers of the Inner Temple as a part of the Christmas and New Year festivities of 1561-62, in which Queen Elizabeth I's favourite, Lord Robert Dudley, presided as Lord Governor of the Christmas revels (Ribner 37).
		As the play unfolds, therefore, it is examined that the problem of choosing the right adviser, avoiding the flatterers, becomes an essential issue.
		It is true that the play does not mention marriage as a way-out throughout the Gorboduc story, but it is known that the only way to avoid a political chaos in Elizabethan England was marriage.
	yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr /~berkan/ananalysisofgorboduc.htm (3690 words)

	The morality play in English drama
		The morality play (usually called simply a “morality”) presented religious and ethical concerns from the point of view of the individual Christian, whose main concern was to effect the salvation of his soul.
		Typically, the morality play is a psychomachia, an externalized dramatization of a psychological and spiritual conflict: the battle between the forces of good and evil in the human soul.
		Thomas Sackville and Thomas Norton’s play “Gorboduc,” the first of the Elizabethan tragedies, is a kind of political morality play on the proper government of a kingdom.
	riri.essortment.com /englishdrama_rjdz.htm (1731 words)

	The Theatre In England - Classical Drama In England Between 1550 And 1588
		This play, which was acted in Christ's College, Cambridge (printed 1575), is inferior to its predecessor both in plot and style, but has the merit of owing nothing to antiquity, and of being an essentially national product.
		This play was the work of two distinguished men of letters : Thomas Sackville, Lord Buckhurst, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Thomas Norton, the famous controversialist, to whom, as also to George Gascoigne, is due the credit of having suggested the use of blank verse instead of rhymed verses.
		Nor was England content during the Renaissance period with translating and adapting Latin plays ; it sought inspiration for the composition of its tragedies in Italian plays and romances.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles32n/theatre-22.shtml (1928 words)

	English History Play in the Age of Shakespeare
		But if a play appears to fulfill what we know the Elizabethans considered to be the legitimate purposes of history, and if it is drawn from a chronicle source which we know that at least a large part of the contemporary audience accepted as factual, we may call it a history play.
		Plays based upon such legends, although they may have serious political undertones, as does Hamlet, cannot be called history plays, for their political implications are secondary to the dominant purposes of the plays.
		Throughout the play virulent abuse is heaped upon the Catholics, and in important speeches throughout we have enunciated the orthodox Tudor doctrines as the rights an duties of kingship.
	phoenixandturtle.net /excerptmill/ribner.htm (14290 words)

	[No title]
		We know this because his play was published, and the publisher says the authors were Thomas Norton who wrote the first three acts and Thomas Sackville who wrote the last two acts.
		The plot of the play concerns an ancient English king, Gorboduc, reigning before Christian times, who disregarded good advice and divided his kingdom between his two sons, while he was still alive and in reasonable health during his successful, peaceful, prosperous reign.
		No doubt Sackville and Norton were well aware that for a play set in pre-Christian times a parliament was an anachronism (Note 1), but they were clearly more concerned to comment constructively on the situation in England in their time than merely relate ancient history, if history it was.
	home.eol.ca /~cumulus/Shakespeare/ch22.htm (3791 words)

	The Dawn of the English Drama
		The Devil usually played the part of the clown or jester, and was exhibited in a light half terrific and half farcical.
		The Miracle plays and Mysteries continued to be popular from the eleventh to the end of the fourteenth century, when they were supplanted by the Moralities.
		The earliest composition in our language possessing all the requisites of a regular tragedy, and the first in blank verse, is the play of Gorboduc, or Ferrex and Porrex, written by Thomas Sackville (the principal writer in the Mirror for Magistrates), and acted in 1562 for the entertainment of Queen Elizabeth.
	www.theatredatabase.com /medieval/dawn_of_the_english_drama.html (1427 words)

	The Renaissance
		Another kind of play common in the 15th and 16th century was the Interlude, which was probably played between the acts of longer plays.
		His play Doctor Faustus is based on the well-known story of a man who sold his soul to the devil, Mephistopheles, in return for a splendid life during which the devil must serve him and give him all he wants.
		His plays were written rather for performance than publication, and can be regarded as both successful entertainment and debate on many moral and philosophical issues of the time.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /brdbrutus/Renaissance.html (1040 words)

	[No title]
		Gorboduc (or: Ferrex and Porrex) is the first native English tragedy, and it has several features that anticipate Shakespeare, although it is not sure he knew the play.
		Gorboduc was written by audacious young lawyers living close to the corridors of power who knew that the young Queen of England had no heir and that if she were to die suddenly, England would be threatened with foreign invasion (in the play Albany becomes an Albanian!).
		The end of the play, when the child Edward III lays Mortimer's head on his father's coffin and weeps, demands a further transfer of emotion, and a recall of the long reign that was to follow.
	hompi.sogang.ac.kr /anthony/books/Ren5.htm (6567 words)

	Barista » Blog Archive » the gorboduc remembrancer
		We find him connected with Jasper Heywood; as a writer of “sonnets” he contributed to Tottel’s Miscellany, and in 1560 he composed, in company with Sackville, the earliest English tragedy, Gorboduc, which was performed before Queen Elizabeth in the Inner Temple on the 18th of January 1561.
		He was a theatrical pioneer, though the play is pretty bad.
		Gorboduc is an early version of the story later used by Shakespeare in King Lear, and shown to the young Queen as a somewhat presumptuous means of political education.
	barista.media2.org /?p=2746 (583 words)

	Gabriel Egan Globe Education Shakespeare
		Sackville and Norton's Gorboduc, written early in Elizabeth's reign, was printed in 1590, the year before Shakespeare began on True Tragedy, and its representation of civil strife in a divided kingdom is alluded to in Shakespeare's play.
		The hypothesis that O was printed from a memorial reconstruction of the play is based "rather precariously" on a single variant passage (4.1.47-57) about the matching of the heiresses of Hungerford, Scales, and Bonville to Hastings, the Queen's brother and the Queen's son.
		The play begins with a stage direction that brings on the Yorkist party, and for the Arden Cox and Rasmussen import to F the additional information provided by O that they have "white roses in their hats", and there is a similar detail for the entrance of the Lancastrians at 1.1.49.2.
	www.gabrielegan.com /publications/Egan2003d.htm (16573 words)

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