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	Gorsedd - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A gorsedd (IPA /'gɔrsɛð/), occasionally spelled gorseth, plural gorseddau, is a community of bards.
		Gorsedd Beirdd Ynys Prydain was founded in 1792 by Edward Williams, often known as Iolo Morganwg, who also invented much of its ritual, supposedly based on the activities of the ancient Druids (although much of its modern ritual also has Christian influence).
		The head of a gorsedd is known as an archdruid, and often wears a purple robe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gorsedd (291 words)

	Bard - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A bard is a poet or singer, in religious or feudal contexts.
		Secondly, in medieval Welsh and Gaelic society, a bard (Scottish or Irish Gaelic bard, Welsh bardd) was a professional poet, employed to compose eulogies for his lord (see planxty).
		Bards make up one of the three grades of the Order of Bards, Ovates and Druids, a Neo-Druidic order based in England.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bard (361 words)

	Gorsedd - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		When the term is used without qualification, it usually means the national gorsedd of Wales, Gorsedd Beirdd Ynys Prydain (Welsh: "the Gorsedd of Bards of the Island of Britain").
		Gorsedd Beirdd Ynys Prydain was founded in 1792 by Edward Williams, often known as Iolo Morgannwg, who also invented much of its ritual, supposedly based on the activities of the ancient Druids (although much of its modern ritual also has Christian influence).
		In the Welsh gorsedd, a person may become an ovate or a bard by passing an examination in the Welsh language.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Gorsedd (314 words)

	Insert Page Title Here
		In 1819, at the eisteddfod held at Carmarthen, a throne called the Gorsedd of Bards is said to have been introduced by Edward Williams alias Iolo Morganwg, a stonemason from Glamorgan, and this, in time, became identified with the megalithic dolmens, especially with the greatest of them all in Great Britain, the famous Stonemason.
		Probably the oldest bard on record, mentioned in the Ultonian Cycle of tales of legends, is Eisirt, the bard of lubdan, the King of "Faylinn, or the Land of the wee Folk, a race or elves" or dwarfish people.
		Bards attending a Sangam spent days sitting together in sessions, which most probably explains why the Tamil word ey-sattu-, associated with such sessions was corrupted into the Welsh eistedd, which meaning of 'to sit' and 'a seat' and the form eisteddfod acquired the meaning of 'a session'.
	members.tripod.com /~MsSubashiniK/sivaalayam/journ1_2.htm (2359 words)

	British Druid Order: The Gorsedd of Bards of the Isles of Britain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		The Gorsedd of Bards of the Isles of Britain
		The term gorsedd (literally 'high seat') originally referred to prehistoric sacred mounds, often with single trees growing on them, which were places of assembly for festival celebration, law-giving, and the inauguration of kings.
		On 1st September, 1900, a Gorsedd of Bards on the lines laid down by Iolo was established in Brittany and on 21st September, 1928, a similar institution was founded in Cornwall.
	www.druidorder.demon.co.uk /gorsedd_bards.htm (1721 words)

	The Stones and the Chair
		However the bards still held a position of power and respect within society and the nobility ensured that the craft of Bardism remained, its patronage respected, and although the Eisteddfod was not to reappear for centuries, the spirit of Bardism was retained, its flame kept alight.
		Gorsedd ceremonies were, according to Iolo’s alleged ancient tradition to be held at specific times of the year, namely the four solar festivals to which he attributed the title “Alban” signifying “high point of the year”.
		During the chairing and crowning of the bard, the identity of the bard is stripped from him/her and as he is robed in his winning gown he/she is renamed utilising their bardic name, a typical death and rebirth ceremony ensues.
	www.druidnetwork.org /articles/meiniachadair.html (4618 words)

	A gorsedd SAMPA SAMPA gO rsED occasionally spelled gorseth plural gorseddau...
		A "gorsedd" (SAMPA SAMPA /gO:rsED/), occasionally spelled "gorseth", plural "gorseddau", is a community of bard bards.
		Gorsedd Beirdd Ynys Prydain was founded in 1792 1792 by Edward Williams Edward Williams, often known as Iolo Morgannwg Iolo Morgannwg, who also invented much of its ritual, supposedly based on the activities of the ancient Druids Druids (although much of its modern ritual also has Christian Christian influence).
		In the Welsh gorsedd, a person may become an ovate or a bard by passing an examination examination in the Welsh language Welsh language.
	www.biodatabase.de /gorsedd (331 words)

	Barddas II: Privilege and Usage: The Triads of Privilege and Usage
		A Bard of privilege, or poet, being a Primitive Bard Positive, according to the privilege, usage, and voice of Gorsedd; and his function is to rule, and to preserve the memorial and record of Bardism, according to the three memorials, and to compose eulogy, instruction, and memorial--his origination being from the Gwyddoniaid.
		The third is the Druid, according to reason, nature, and Gorsedd; and his function is to teach, according to the necessity of country and nation; and every priest or worshipper is adjudged to come under the privilege of a Druid, when he attends the Gorsedd of the Bards of the Isle of Britain.
		The three demonstrations of the Bards of the Isle of Britain: the demonstration of Bards, where a thing was not known; the demonstration of the convention of Gorsedd and Chair, where it was not seen; and the demonstration of the knowledge of truth and justice, where it was not understood.
	www.sacred-texts.com /neu/celt/bim2/bim2004.htm (6310 words)

	BBC - Cornwall - Connected - Cornish Gorsedd 2004
		Bards from all over the world gathered in Lemon Quay for the ceremony and celebrations.
		The title of 'Bard' is awarded to a Cornish person for their outstanding commitments to their county and as a recognition of their acheivement.
		After the ceremony of Peace, the Gorsedd was declared open and offerings of fruit and flowers were layed by the Lady of Cornwall.
	www.bbc.co.uk /cornwall/connected/stories/gorsedd2004.shtml (342 words)

	National Eisteddfod of Wales
		The Gorsedd of Bards is an association whose members consist of poets, writers, musicians, artists and individuals who have made a distinguished contribution to the Welsh nation, language and culture.
		The Gorsedd of Bards of the Isle of Britain first came together in 1792, not in Wales as you might expect, but on Primrose Hill in London.
		The head of the Gorsedd of Bards is the Archdruid, who is elected for a term of three years, and is responsible for conducting the Gorsedd ceremonies during Eisteddfod week.
	www.eisteddfod.org.uk /index.php?lang=EN;navId=115 (267 words)

	Guardian \| Archbishop becomes honorary white druid
		Dr Williams, who was last month named as the successor to Dr George Carey, was made a member of the Gorsedd of Bards for his contribution to the Welsh language and Welsh culture.
		The Gorsedd is made up of Welsh-speaking poets, writers, musicians, artists and others who have made a distinguished contribution to Welsh language and culture.
		But Plaid Cymru parliamentary leader Elfyn Llwyd, and member of the Gorsedd, said the ceremony was a "quaint induction" and the group was merely a "vehicle" for developing the Welsh language and culture.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,,4475957-103602,00.html (660 words)

	Druidic Ceremonies at National Eisteddfod, Wales
		The Gorsedd of Bards, headed by an elected Archdruid is in fact an association of distinguished poets, writers, musicians, artists and honoured individuals who have made a notable contribution to the Welsh nation's, language and culture.
		The Gorsedd first made its appearance in its native Wales at the annual Carmarthen Eisteddfod in 1819 and has been associated with the country's National Eisteddfod since its modern inception in the mid 19th century.
		The Gorsedd's cultural activities are a far remove from the religious rituals and festivals of today's pagan Order of Bards Oblates and Druids, though their attitude to peaceful coexistence and earth conservation run parallel.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/food_travel_UK/94180 (524 words)

	Archbishop of Canterbury becomes a Druid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		The Welsh Gorsedd of Bards, into which the Archbishop was initiated, is not now, and never has been, a pagan institution.
		Given the belief, supported by history, that Druids, with their sub-groups, ovates and bards, were the centre of all cultural and artistic life in early Britain, it made perfect sense for Iolo to place them at the heart of his attempts to revive what he saw as the failing traditional culture of Wales.
		In 1993, I inaugurated a Gorsedd of Bards at Avebury in Wiltshire, using a rite I composed and which drew, in part, on Iolo Morganwg for its inspiration.
	www.druidorder.demon.co.uk /archie.htm (1268 words)

	Gorsedd (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		On the outside of the eastern portion of the circle three more stones are placed, in such a position as regards the Gorsedd stone that lines drawn from it to them will indicate the rising of the sun at the summer and winter solstices and the vernal and autumnal equinoxes respectively.
		The first are dressed in blue, to indicate their celestial aspirations, the second in white, as a symbol of great purity, the third in green, to represent the grass of the field, which is typical of growth and progress.
		One of the bards carries a sword by its point, to show that he is a man of peace and would prefer to turn the weapon against himself rather than against any other person.
	www.sacredspiral.com /Database/monoliths/gorsedd.html (262 words)

	gorsedd (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		Originally, the term Gorsedd (literally "high seat") referred to prehistoric sacred mounds, often with single trees growing on them, which were places of tribal ceremony, festival celebration, law-giving and inauguration of kings.
		The Gorsedd has been particularly important for those taking their first steps on the path of their tradition, taking away any sense of isolation, and allowing the freedom to express their spirituality openly.
		Each ceremony includes initiations into the Gorsedd for those wishing to make a personal dedication to walk the path of the Bard, which is to learn to express their own spiritual inspiration through the creative arts.
	silvercrow.com /druid/druid1.htm (463 words)

	Kestrel's Nest - Links
		It is open to anyone who wishes to share, explore and celebrate through love, respect, honour and reverence of the ancestors, the old gods and the spirits of this sacred land.
		The Gorsedd of Bards of Cor Gawr was first inaugurated at Stonehenge in the late 1990s.
		Now meeting six times a year at Avebury, at the spring and autumn equinoxes and at the cross-quarter festivals of Samhain, Imbolc, Beltaine and Lammas, the Gorsedd of Bards of Caer Abiri still holds strongly to the initial premise of its inception in 1993.
	www.kestrels-nest.org.uk /links.html (1510 words)

	Barddas II: Privilege and Usage: The Voice of Gorsedd
		THIS is the Voice of Gorsedd of the Bards of the Isle of Britain, in which may be seen the Privileges and Usages of the Bards of the Isle of Britain, as originally exercised and confirmed.
		The principal usages of the Bards of the Isle of Britain are to 'maintain the memory and teaching of peace, truth, and justice in a country, and to bestow praise upon the good, and dispraise upon the bad; and all this by means of Awen from God.
		The Bard positive, of original appointment, or a Poet, in virtue of discipleship, whose duty it is to preserve order and rule, in respect of the Privilege, Usage, and Voice of Gorsedd, so that Bardism be not lost, but be maintained and preserved, in right of original usage, uncorrupt and unchanged.
	www.sacred-texts.com /neu/celt/bim2/bim2001.htm (1604 words)

	minstrel: Bards (was Cecily's ideas) - longish
		(I'm not certain enough of "posvardd" to suggest an interpretation.) The association of bards with genealogy is fairly ancient, and their interest in heraldry, when that became popular among the native Welsh nobility, is not at all surprising.
		That is, as the "bard as household poet" bell out of fashion in favor of the "amateur gentlemen bards", other functions such as genealogy and heraldry gained more prominence in the common understanding of what the term covered.
		Given that, the above triad appears to belong (at earliest) to the period when the term "bard" (in Welsh) was losing its traditional associations with the composition and performance of verse, and was spreading to cover a number of functions not previously associated with it.
	www.pbm.com /pipermail/minstrel/1998/003279.html (992 words)

	The Bards of Turtle Island
		The Bards of Turtle Island, LLC is a for profit organization created to support the understanding and practice of modern druidry in the USA.
		The Bards of Turtle Island are licensed as an LLC for profit in the State of Washington.
		The Gorsedd of the Bards of Caer Pugetia meets eight times a year in open and public rituals celebrating the seasons and nature.
	www.bardsofturtleisland.com (405 words)

	Anglican Communion News Service
		The Gorsedd hold ceremonies on three days during Eisteddfod week and admission to the Gorsedd is a great honour in Wales.
		The National Eisteddfod and the Gorsedd are an important and integral part of Wales' national life and admission to the Gorsedd is one of the greatest honours which Wales can bestow on her citizens.
		A great many of those accorded the Gorsedd's bardic honours over the years have been Christian ministers of religion from various denominations and the higher echelons of the Gorsedd are full of Ministers of Religion.
	www.anglicancommunion.org /acns/articles/30/75/acns3085.html (329 words)

	BBC NEWS \| UK \| Wales \| Archbishop made honorary druid
		Archbishop of Canterbury elect Rowan Williams has been inducted to the Gorsedd of the Bards in a ceremony at the National Eisteddfod despite a row about the honour.
		And the Gorsedd's archdruid has used the furore to rail against the English establishment by saying he does not want Dr Williams to leave Wales - because he will be wasted in England.
		The Gorsedd is a creative invention which first gathered at Primrose Hill, London, in 1792, and made its first eisteddfod appearance at Carmarthen in 1819, standing around a circle of stones.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/low/uk_news/wales/2172408.stm (627 words)

	THE BARDS OF THE GORSETH OF CORNWALL IN AUSTRALIA PAGE
		A Gathering of the Bards of the Gorseth of Cornwall in Australia was held at Moonta SA on 19th May this year during the Kernewek Lowender.
		A special Proclamation ceremony was held in October 1995 in Canberra where 15 Bards met, and on June 7th 1998 there was an Assembly of the Bards of the Gorsedd of Cornwall in Australia in Geelong during the National Celtic Folk Festival.
		The Bard, MYRGH HOCKING (Mrs Edna Ellis of Victoria (Bendigo), who made a Bard in 1997, and whose name means DAUGHTER OF HOCKING) died on the 27th March 2003 and after being unable to attend the 2003 Assembly with her husband.
	members.ozemail.com.au /~kevrenor/gorseth.html (2518 words)

	Llewellyn Encyclopedia: Neo-Druidism Since the 1700s
		In Scotland, a few Bards and Vates were left in the Gaelic areas of the Hebridean islands, but the old Gaelic order was in for more English oppression.
		He also created the motto Y Gwir yn erbyn Y Byd, "The truth against the world," and four "Albans" (Hefin, Elfed, etc.) The three vertical lines called a trilithon, (also known "as rays of Awen") are his creation as well.
		The Gorsedd of Bards, "Ovates," Druids at Welsh eisteddfodau and the organizations which spawned English Druidic Orders (such as those run by Thomas Maughan and Ross Nichols) all incorporated the pseudo-Druidry of Morganwg (Williams) into their degree workings.
	www.llewellynencyclopedia.com /article/197 (1539 words)

	Steve Quayle News Alerts
		The Gorsedd of Bards takes its name from the high seat, which in prehistoric times referred to the mounds on which the sacred kings were wedded to the female spirit of the land.
		The Gorsedd of Bards has been closely associated with the National Eisteddfod since it was founded in 1860 and the three ceremonies — the crowning of the best free verse poet and the awards for prose and strict metre poetry —; attract thousands with their pageantry and Celtic lore.
		The three orders of the Gorsedd, white for druid, blue for bards and green for ovates, are the closest thing in Wales to an honours system.
	www.stevequayle.com /News.alert/Road_To_Hell/020719.archbishop.pagan.html (850 words)

	Bendigo Bards Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		In traditions dating back to at least the first century AD, Cornish Bards were the chief holders of the history and genealogies of the nations.
		Each year the Bards of the Gorseth hold a traditional meeting in Cornwall It was at one of these gatherings Enda and George were made Cornish Bards.
		For further information try Bards of the Gorsedd of Cornwall in Australia.
	home.vicnet.net.au /~bendcorn/bendigo_bards.html (230 words)

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