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	Manichaeism - Crystalinks
		Salvation, as taught by Mani, requires liberating the seed of light, the soul, from the material darkness in which it is trapped.
		In Mani's myth man is lost and fallen in existence, but in essence he is a particle of Light and thus one in substance with God.
		The Gospel of Mani, written on flened papyrus, is the last surviving evidence of a now-defunct religion, Manichaeism.
	www.crystalinks.com /manichaeism.html (1484 words)

	Mani (prophet) Summary
		Mani's father, Fatik or Pattig, was from Hamadan and his mother, Maryam, was of the family of the Kamsaragan, who claimed kinship with the Parthian royal house.
		Mani's first excursion was to the Kushan Empire in northwestern India (several religious painting in Bamiyan are attributed to him), where he is believed to have lived and taught for some time.
		Mani claimed to be the last of the prophets, and also claimed that his prophethood was revealed to him by an angel.
	www.bookrags.com /Mani_(prophet) (3477 words)

	Book Encyclopedia - Web Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		It should be noted that many of the infancy gospels are based on a combination of the Infancy Gospel of Thomas and of the Protevangelium of James.
		The Gospel of Thomas (not to be confused with the Infancy Gospel of Thomas)
		The Gospel of Matthias (probably not to be confused with the Gospel of Matthew)
	www.bookencyclopedia.com /index.php?title=New_Testament_apocrypha (1383 words)

	Tayloe Gwathmey
		Mani was born in 216 to a father with a strong proclivity for religion.
		Mani was visited by something in the night that left him with the desire to become a religious reformer, some traditions hold that it was his spiritual twin, the Christian Paraclete, others argue that it was an angel.
		For Mani the goal of creation was the return of the light that had been trapped in human beings and the creation itself at the beginning of time as a result of the conflict between light and dark.
	students.roanoke.edu /groups/relg211/gwathmey/Mani.html (2395 words)

	Mani & His Message - (CAIS)
		Mani's father himself must have displayed considerable activities as a religious reformer and have been a kind of forerunner of his more famous son, in the first years of whose public life he had some share.
		Mani's father was at first apparently an idolater, for, as he worshipped in a temple to his gods he is supposed to have heard a voice urging him to abstain from meat, wine, and women.
		Mani finally beguiled the unwary by the use of such apparently Christian terms as Father, Son, and Holy Ghost to designate divine personalities, but a glance at his cosmogony shows how flimsy was the disguise.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/Religions/iranian/Manichaeism/mani_message.htm (7140 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Gospel
		Of the many gospels written in antiquity, only four gospels came to be accepted as part of the New Testament, or canonical.
		The rediscovery of the Gospel of Thomas, a sayings gospel remarkably similar to the form that Q was thought to take, and containing many of the sayings shared only between Matthew and Luke, but in a more raw form, has given a large degree of credence to the hypothesis.
		Two non-canonical gospels that are considered to be among the earliest in composition are the sayings Gospel of Thomas and the narrative Gospel of Peter.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Gospel (1958 words)

	The Apocrypha
		Aside from the Gospel of the Nazarenes, these texts mostly survive as quotes scattered amongst critical commentaries by catholic Christians, some modern theories suggest that these may be variations on one another, although the quotations from the Gospel of the Ebionites appear more distinct than the others.
		The mediaeval Gospel of Barnabas (not to be confused with the earlier Epistle of Barnabas)
		The Gospel of Thomas (not to be confused with the Infancy Gospel of Thomas)
	www.thenazareneway.com /apocrypha.htm (2148 words)

	Mani, the Ambassador of Light
		Mani was born about AD 215 to a family whose religious beliefs were culled from a number of sources.
		Mani himself was initiated into the mysteries of Mithra, and he studied early Christian heretical sects before establishing his own religious philosophy in about AD 240, at the Persian court of King Shapur 1.
		Mani "regarded Zarathustra, Buddha and Jesus as his forerunners and declared that he, like them, had received essentially the same enlightenment from the same source.
	www.mystae.com /restricted/streams/gnosis/mani.html (1462 words)

	Manichaeism - Mani's life, ethic, cult, scriptures, Manuscripts
		Mani was born on 14 April, A.C. 216, in northern Babylonia, which then formed part of the province of Asoristan, in the Parthian empire.
		Mani may himself have been responsible for choosing the Persian ones, but the Parthian terms and identifications were presumably selected by Mar Ammo and his fellow-missionaries to the north-east of Iran.
		Mani also honoured the Buddha and Zoroaster, but there is no evidence that he was directly familiar with their teachings in his formative years.
	www.farvardyn.com /mani1.php (4482 words)

	Zarathushtra, Mani, and the Cathars by Sanderson Beck
		Mani was said to have been related to the Parthian Arsacid dynasty, and his association with King Baat, possibly a Parthian Armenian, as he lectured to his disciples at Phargalia, may have led to Mani's arrest at Gondeshapur (Belapat).
		Mani was brought before an angry King Bahram and said he had done no harm but had helped the royal family by freeing their servants of demons and by healing them.
		Many died as martyrs, and many fled to Khurasan or Turkestan.
	www.san.beck.org /GPJ8-ManiandCathars.html (7228 words)

	Articles - Gospel of Thomas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Gospel of Thomas is distinct and unrelated to other apocryphal or pseudepigraphal works Acts of Thomas, and the work called the Infancy Gospel of Thomas, which expand on the canonical texts to describe the miraculous childhood of Jesus.
		Since this date antecedes the dates of the traditional four gospels, there is some claim that the Thomas gospel is or has some connection to the Q gospel â”the name for an unknown, theorised text (or oral verse) which may have spawned gospels of Matthew and Luke known today.
		The gospel is ostensibly written from the point of view of Didymus Judas Thomas, one of the twelve disciples of Jesus (who appears in the Gospel of John as "doubting Thomas").
	www.multisection.com /articles/Gospel_of_Thomas (4321 words)

	Christian Mystery Schools, Cults, Heresies
		Therefore, many of the depictions of the Black Madonna and child throughout the regions of southern France and Spain may be regarded as images of Mary Magdalene carrying the infant son of Jesus rather than the Virgin Mary carrying the infant Jesus.
		Mani taught that continued spiritual warfare was an unpleasant fact of life on Earth, and it was being conducted daily in the hearts and minds of all human beings.
		Mani's death did little to thwart the zeal of the ever-growing number of new Manichaean missionaries, and his religion came to be preached in eleven languages and spread from North Africa to China; there it continued to thrive as a living faith from the T'ang dynasty (618–907) to the 1930s.
	www.unexplainedstuff.com /Religious-Phenomena/Christian-Mystery-Schools-Cults-Heresies.html (4502 words)

	A1-Appraiser.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The mediaeval Gospel of Barnabas (not to be confused with the earlier Epistle of Barnabas)
		Recent scholarship is increasingly regarding the Gospel of Thomas as part of the tradition from which the canonical gospels eventually emerged; in any case both of these documents are important as showing us what the theoretical Q document, see below, might have looked like.
		While many of the books listed here were considered heretical (especially those belonging to the gnostic tradition--as this sect was considered heretical by most Christians of the early centuries), others were not considered particularly heretical in content, but in fact were well accepted as significant spiritual works.
	www.a1-appraiser.com /term.php?title=Infancy_Gospels (1573 words)

	Religions of Iran: Manichaeism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Mani was born about 216 A.D. At the age of about twenty he had a spiritual vision and inspired by divine revelation he came forward as a new prophet.
		This eclectic character of Mani's teaching made it easier to be adopted by any person professing any faith, for they would pass themselves off as a sect of their original creed.
		Mani remained in exile till the death of Shapur I in 272 A.D. He came back to Iran and was well-received by Shapur's successor Hormazd I. But when Hormazd I died after a very short reign (272-273 A.D.) his successor, Bahram I, showed his strong dislike for Mani by putting him to a horrible death.
	www.iranchamber.com /religions/manichaeism1.php (1940 words)

	Mani and the Pure Ones
		Such usage is a secondary meaning of the word, and many who use the term have forgotten that originally Manicheism was a widespread world religion, founded in the third century A.D. It was a threatening rival to early Christianity.
		All of Mani's known writings were in his native Syriac except for a summary of his religion written in Middle Persian, presumably for the special benefit of the shah.
		Well-established even in Mani's lifetime in the region north of Afghanistan, Manicheans of the east began to differ from those of the west, and to challenge the authority of the archegos in Babylon.
	www.webcom.com /gnosis/thomasbook/ch11.html (2942 words)

	Cantus Biography
		“Mani” is a seasoned vocal artist and performer, having achieved great acclaim in opera, musical theater and also as a concert entertainer able to showcase varied genres including art song, Spirituals, gospel and jazz.
		Mani was born in Miami, Florida, where he lived most of his pre-collegiate years.
		In his spare time, Mani can be found enjoying his family and friends, playing tennis with his wife, shooting a basketball with his son, having tea parties with his daughter, or cooking up some good fixin’s in the kitchen and staying current with new movies and music.
	www.cantusonline.org /Personnel/Cadet.html (424 words)

	Gospel of Thomas Saying 4 - GospelThomas.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		By learning from the child the old person better prepares for the time in which 'he shall live; and there are many first who shall be last', that is, the time in which he will return to physical life to help along any souls traveling on a path toward oneness.
		The reason the man "aged in days" would ask the child about the "place of life" is that the child has just come from the source from which we all come, and to which we all return.
		Joseph A. Fitzmyer writes: "The heavily Gnostic character of many of the sayings in the Coptic Gospel has already led to the conclusion that the latter is most likely the Manichean version of which Cyril speaks.
	www.gospelthomas.com /gospelthomas4.html (2489 words)

	Excerpt from The Gospel of Thomas The Hidden Sayings of Jesus by Marvin Meyer
		The Coptic text of the Gospel of Thomas came to light with the discovery of the Nag Hammadi library, within which the Gospel of Thomas is to be found as the second tractate, or document, of Codex II.
		The fairly extensive parallels between the Gospel of Thomas from the Nag Hammadi library and Manichaean literature may substantiate that there was a connection between the Nag Hammadi Gospel and a gospel in use among the Manichaeans.
		The foregoing is excerpted from The Gospel of Thomas by Marvin Meyer.
	www.harpercollins.com /books/9780060655815/Gospel_of_Thomas/excerpt.aspx (1071 words)

	IRANICA.COM - FEHREST
		The first principle is apparent in the sequence of the five portions of the text: (1) Mani's biography until his public appearance, (2) Mani's teachings from cosmogony to commandments and the innovations after his death, (3) Mani's end and eschatology, (4) Mani's writings, (5) history of the Manicheans in the Islamic era.
		The division of Mani's life into periods of twelve years, characteristic of the hagiographically stylised story of his life, is most apparent in the account of the Fehrest.
		The adaptations to Islam distance the picture given in the Fehrest from Mani's own myth of his teachings, but this distance becomes larger in view of the fact that the basic Gnostic idea of cosmic redemption by light as the Self-redemption of the divinity, often mentioned in Manicheism, is not spoken of at all.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v9f5/v9f530.html (6604 words)

	The Invisible Basilica: Mani
		Also, whereas these teachers considered themselves Christians, Mani was the founder of an entirely new religion, which claimed to be the culmination of Zoroastrianism, Christianity and Buddhism.
		In 242 e.v., he proclaimed a new, universal religion at the Persian court of Shapur I, proclaiming himself to be Mani, "The Vessel," the prophesied Paraclete, the divine helper of mankind, and the last of the great prophets.
		During the 40 years of this infamous horror, many thousands of men, women and children were brutally slaughtered and their cities pillaged; and the Languedoc was reduced to rubble and barbarism.
	www.hermetic.com /sabazius/mani.htm (3852 words)

	Manichaean Studies Seminar 2002 Abstracts
		Narrative accounts of the last days in Mani's life -- from his arrival in Belapat to his death, including his fateful encounter with King Bahram and the various episodes happening during Mani's imprisonment -- are found in three Coptic manuscripts from Medinet Madi (dated about the first half of the 4th century).
		The letter writer's adaptation of the Gospel of Matthew for these images will be analysed, as well as other passages considered from Matthew and Manichaean sources which may have influenced the choice of image.
		The first process is the biblical intertextuality by which the Manichaean sources utilized in the Acta assemble a systematic interpretation of the Gospel and Apostle that supports their claim to be the true adherents of the religion these textual authorities expound.
	www4.nau.edu /manichaean/2002abstracts.htm (1674 words)

	Human Sexuality in the Bible: An Index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Many of the cross-references that appear lead to the full index, which is not posted.
		This statement can bear many interpretations, one being that the practice of indenturing one man's wife to another man was forbidden under the reforms.
		The Coptic Gospel of Thomas has a Salome who says to Jesus, "You have mounted my bed and eaten from my table" (61 = 91:26-28; Schneemelcher 1.125), which could mean that she had been his nursemaid or his hostess or his wife or his concubine.
	home.comcast.net /~walkswithastick/Bibleindex.html (6481 words)

	The Holy Order of O:N:E:
		Biruni says of it that it was of a character entirely different from the Christian Gospels, that the Manicheans regarded it as the only correct one and called it the " Gospel of the Seventy," and that it was arranged in the order of the twenty-two letters of the old Aramaic alphabet.
		It was written during the author's exile in Turkestan, and the initial capitals were, in Persian fashion, worked in ornamental designs, from which among the Persians Mani was known as " the painter," a charaoterizatibn not known to the Arabs or in the West.
		Mirchod tells us that it was written and illustrated by Mani while he spent a year long retreat in a cave with a spring near Bukhara, Uzbekistan where Mani lived circa 244 A.D. for a year.
	essenes.net /manicodex1.html (467 words)

	NT Lost Apocrypha
		Luke's gospel tells that he was a priest, stricken dumb because he doubted when Gabriel told him he was going to beget a son in old age and only recovering when John was born.
		The 'traditional' reason for celebrating John's birth in addition to his death is that a common (patristic?) understanding of the Lucan comment that 'the babe in her womb leapt with joy' was that John was cleansed from original sin ('filled with the Holy Spirit') while still in the womb.
		For some reason the apocryphal gospel that tells of Christ's harrowing of hell was attributed to N. According to tradition he was martyred.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /rs/rak/publics/mrjames/NTParabib.htm (13366 words)

	Questions on the Miracles of Jesus
		The Infancy Gospels purport to describe the life and teaching of Jesus when he was a boy, during the years from 0-12.
		One of the persistent themes that surfaces in most of the apocryphal gospel material (not considering the apocryphal Acts) is that it is antithetical (sometimes self-consciously so) to scriptural/orthodox positions (as represented by the Fathers and the Apologists of the time).
		Their 'gospels' are NOT 'gospel narratives' at all, but are essentially lectures and dialogues, sometimes cast into a very simple, one-act narrative setting.
	www.christian-thinktank.com /mq10.html (6999 words)

	Gospel of Thomas Saying 6 - GospelThomas.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		I like that Jesus is stating things in a much more simple manner than many would like to believe he is here.
		The questions asked of him are very specific in nature, not unlike many of the same specific things people pray for or about.
		Fitzmyer reconstructs the lines appended to saying six in the Greek fragment as follows: "[Ha]ppy is [he who does not do these things.
	www.gospelthomas.com /gospelthomas6.html (1684 words)

	The Gospel of St. Thomas
		The quick answer to the question is the author of the gospel of St. Thoams is unknown.
		The problem with this assumption is that the gospel is Gnostic, heretic, mystical, and inauthentic in comparison to the canonized Gospels.
		The Jesus of the gospel of Thomas doesn't have traditional Jewish characteristics or culture, rejects the physical world, women and believes Yahweh of the Old Testament to be evil.
	www.allaboutjesuschrist.org /the-gospel-of-st-thomas-faq.htm (308 words)

	SINS OF AUGUSTINE
		Many, many ministers have been to Bible schools that did not required them to learn Greek.
		This does not mean that they're not qualified to pastor churches, to preach and teach the gospel.
		Like the Gnostics of the first century, Mani and his followers were dualistic, teaching that the flesh was sinful and impure, while the spirit was light and life.
	www.gospeltruth.net /aug/sinsofaug.htm (3225 words)

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