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Topic: Gotarzes I of Parthia

	Parthia - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Parthia was the arch-enemy of the Roman Empire in the East and it limited Rome's expansion beyond Cappadocia (central Anatolia).
		Parthia controlled the Silk Road, the trade route between the Mediterranean Sea and China.
		In his accounts Parthia is named "Ānxī", a transliteration of "Arsacid", the name of the Parthian dynasty.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Parthia (2976 words)

	The Seven Great Monarchies, by George Rawlinson, The Sixth Monarchy
		Parthia, though scantily wooded, still produces in places the pine, the walnut, the sycamore, the ash, the poplar, the willow, the vine, the mulberry, the apricot, and numerous other fruit trees.
		Parthia itself was, it would seem, deserted; but still a city of that region preserved in one respect a royal character, being the place where all the earlier kings were interred.
		Parthia is a cold country, and the winters, both of the great plateau of Iran and of all the mountain tracts adjoining it, are severe.
	www.gutenberg.org /files/16166/16166-h/16166-h.htm (18828 words)

	Parthia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Parthia (mostly due to their invention of heavy cavalry) was the arch-enemy of the Roman Empire in the east; and it limited Rome's expansion beyond Cappadocia (central Anatolia).
		In 53 BCE, the Roman general Crassus invaded Parthia, but was defeated at the Battle of Carrhae by a Parthian commander called Surena in the Greek and Latin sources, most likely a member of the Sûrên clan.
		Parthia derives from Latin Parthia, from Old Persian Parthava-, a dialectical variant of the stem Parsa-, from which Persia derives.
	dictionpedia.com /en/Parthia (2834 words)

	Parthia: History
		By the time of Mithradates I's death, Parthia had expanded to include Mesopotamia, the richest and most populous of the regions in the Parthian empire, and the most Hellenized, as well as Elymais and Persis, thus completing their control of the overland trade routes between east and west.
		This was a period of rejection of Hellenism in the Parthian empire, as seen in their art, and, in particular, their coins, which show increasing stylization, increasingly fixed coin-types, barbarization of the Greek legends, and the re-introduction of Aramaic script on the coins of some rulers.
		The next major invasion of Parthia by Rome occurred during the reign of Vologases I, who attained the throne in 51 AD with the help of his two brothers, Tiridates and Pacorus II.
	americanhistory.si.edu /collections/numismatics/parthia/frames/phisfm.htm (2182 words)

	Parthian Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Parthia is divided into several satrapies each ruled by one of the seven premier clans of the Empire.
		Parthia itself with Parthaunis as its capital is ruled by the Parni Clan of which King Phraates III is the head.
		Aria is a desert country ruled by Gotarzes of Parthia the youngest son of the King of Kings Phraates III by virtie of his marriage to the Arian princess Asanthe Sohae.
	www.donaldhs.vic.edu.au /home/spotter/Parthian_Empire.html (1951 words)

	Mithridates II of Parthia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Mithridates II (the Great), was the king of Parthia from c.
		Parthia reached its greatest extent during his reign.
		He defeated King Artavasdes of Armenia and conquered seventy valleys; and the prince Tigranes came as hostage to the Parthians (Justin 42, 2; Strabo, xi.
	www.gogoglo.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/m/mi/mithridates_ii_of_parthia.html (178 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 358 (v. 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Tiberius willingly complied with the request; but Phraates upon arriving in Syria was carried off by a disease, which was brought on by his disusing the Roman mode of living, to which he had been accustomed for so many years, and adopting the Parthian habits.
		He defeated his brother Gotarzes, who had repented of his resignation, and attempted to recover the throne; but his successes led him to treat his subjects with haughtiness, who accordingly put him to death while he was hunting, a.
		His death occasioned fresh disputes for the crown, which was finally obtained by Gotarzes; but as he also governed with cruelty, the Parthians secretly applied to the emperor Claudius, to beg him to send them from Rome Meherdates, the grandson of Phraates IV.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/0367.html (1079 words)

	Parthia
		In 116 CE, Trajan captured Ctesiphon, and established new provinces in Assyria and Babylonia.
		The English noun Parthia derives from Latin Parthia, from Old Persian Parthava-, a dialectical variant of the stem Parsa-'', from which Persia derives.
		It is licensed under the GNU free documentation license.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/pa/Parthia.htm (2833 words)

	Parthian Ruler List
		Introduced the Parthian tiara, which became a standard symbol of kingship in many eastern kingdoms and initiated the depiction of the golden throne of the Arsacids on the reverse.
		Re-established strong central control in Parthia and influence in Armenian affairs, and was responsible for defeating Roman ambitions in the east, most notably with the defeat of Crassus at Carrhae in 53 BC.
		Gotarzes was noted for his cruelty, which resulted in several revolts.
	americanhistory.si.edu /collections/numismatics/parthia/frames/prulfm.htm (1456 words)

	CoinArchives.com Search Results
		Newell, Mithradates of Parthia and Hyspaosines of Characene: A Numismatic Palimpsest (NNM 26 [1925]), pl. II, 7; Houghton 1322 corr.
		Parthia, Mithradates II (c.122-91 B.C.), Seleucia, AR Tetradrachm, 15.77g., diademed bust of king left, within circular beaded border, rev. archer seated right on omphalos, legend around: baÓiËeÙÓ meÃaËoy apÓakoy eÐiÖanovÓ, letters tv in exergue (cf.
		Parthia, AR Drachms (3): Gotarzes I (Phraates III) (95-90 B.C.), bust of king left, wearing tiara decorated with stags; Vardanes I (c.
	www.coinarchives.com /a/results.php?results=1000&search=parthia (4968 words)

	Certifcate of Authenticity...AncientCreations.com...Sharing The Experience of the Ancient World
		After the middle of the 1st century BC Parthia was a rival of Rome, and several wars occurred between the two powers.
		Gotarzes I was the son of Artabanus II, whose coin types are very similar to those of his father.
		Gotarzes was a harsh ruler which resulted in several revolts during his reign.
	www.ancientcreations.com /persian/cert/per_1682c_cert.ASP (260 words)

	Parthian Empire - History and Coins of Ancient Parthia
		Parthia at one time occupied areas now in Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaidzhan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine and Israel.
		Because limited written historical sources have survived, much of what we know about the Parthians and their sub-kingdoms of Characene, Elymais and Persis must be deduced from coins.
		It is not limited to numismatics, and discussion of all aspects of Parthia is encouraged.
	parthia.com (311 words)

	GOTARZES - Online Information article about GOTARZES
		COIN (older forms of the word are coyne, quoin and coign, all derived through the O. Fr.
		rose Gotarzes (the dates are fixed by the coins).
		Euphrates in 49, but was beaten and taken prisoner by Gotarzes, who cut off his ears (Tac.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /GOA_GRA/GOTARZES.html (533 words)

	Mithridates: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		...Mithridates II of Parthia Mithridates II of Parthia Mithridates II (the Great)...confused with Mithridates-III-of-Parthia Mithridates III of Parthia Mithradates III).
		...Phraates I Phraates I (176 - 171 BC) Mithridates-I-of-Parthia Mithridates I of Parthia Mithridates I (171 - 138 BC...(128 - 124 BC) Mithridates II (124 - 87 BC) Gotarzes-I Gotarzes I Gotarzes I (91 - 78 BC)...
		The earliest are Mithradates, the eunuch who helped Artabanus[?] to assassinate Xerxes I and the Mithradates who fought first with Cyrus the Younger and after his death with Artaxerxes[?] against the Greeks, and is the ancestor of the kings of Pontus.
	www.encyclopedian.com /mi/Mithradates.html (364 words)

	The World of the Imperium Romanum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Zoroastrianism, the state religion of Parthia, is an ancient tradition which had a profound influence on the religions of the Western world.
		The founding prophet, Zoroaster (as it is written in Greek; his Iranian name was Zarathushtra), lived around 1400 BCE in the region now known as Parthia (modern Iran).
		of Parthia w/ neighboring tribes (nomadic and not) to north of Iran.
	www.aquela.com /roleplaying/SPQR/world/Parthia.html (233 words)

	parthia - NumisWiki, The Collaborative Numismatics Project
		Clearly, meaningful contact with Greek had been lost by this time,at least as far as coin production was concerned, and the inscription had become little more than a piece of decoration.
		The classification of the Arsacid coinage is far from certain, more especially in the period before Phraates IV, when the coins are, as a rule, undated, and only the dynastic name (‘Arsaces’) of each sovereign is recorded.
		Parthia, a region of Asia, whose inhabitants were called Parthi, ortiginally the most inveterate enemies of the Roman name, and who, under their King Orodes, having laid a snare for Crassus, into which that unfortunate gerneral fell, detroyed him and his whole army in one general slaughter.
	www.forumancientcoins.com /numiswiki/view.asp?key=parthia (1461 words)

	My Lines - Person Page 250
		Gotarzes I, King of Parthia was displaced by Orodes, son of Mithridates, who asserted his hereditary right to rule 0080 B.C. In and probably earlier.
		He was the son of King of Parthia Orodes II Arakuni and Princess of Commagene Ervanduni.
		He was the ancestor of the later Arsacids of Parthia, 78-222, the Arsacids of Armenia, 63-428, and of players in Medieal Armenia, Byzantium, and Western Europe.
	homepages.rootsweb.com /~cousin/html/p250.htm (6396 words)

	Iran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A Scythian group in the northeast (Parthia) 247, Khurasan 185, Media, Fars, Atropatene, Babylon, and Elymais 141-138.
		Andragoras' rebellion against the Seleucid empire was quickly followed by an invasion of Parthia by the Parni and allied Scythian and eastern Iranian tribes (Saka and Tocharians).
		He was defeated and killed by Arsaces I. Nevertheless, Khurasan itself was retained by the Seleucids for another two generations before the general sweep of eastern Iran by the Parthians.
	www.hostkingdom.net /iran.html (2841 words)

	The Parthian period (
		In 95 BC the Armenian king Tigranes II, a hostage at the court of Mithradates, was placed on the throne of Armenia by his Parthian overlord, and the small kingdoms of northern Mesopotamia--Adiabene, Gordyene, and Osroene--gave allegiance to Mithradates.
		Mithradates II died about 87 BC, although he may have died earlier, since the period after 90 BC is dark and a usurper named Gotarzes may have ruled for a few years in Mesopotamia.
		During the reign of Mithradates II the first contacts with Rome, under Lucius Cornelius Sulla, were made, and portents of future struggles were evident in the lack of any agreement between the two powers.
	www.angelfire.com /nt/Gilgamesh/parthian.html (2485 words)

	PARTHIA - Online Information article about PARTHIA
		2)., In 208 many Greek inhabitants are found in the towns of Parthia and Hyrcania (Polyb.
		Hierax, enabled him not only to maintain himself in Parthia, but also to conquer Hyrcania; but he was constantly threatened by Diodotus of Bactria (Justin xli.
		British Museum (London, 1903), who carefully revised the statements of his predecessors.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PAI_PAS/PARTHIA.html (1638 words)

	History of Syriac texts and Syrian Christianity - Table 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Artabanus was king of Parthia at this date and definitely a pagan.
		Izates was king of Adiabene and Gotarzes was king of Parthia at this time.
		Martrdom of Sharbil of Edessa in the month of Nisan, AG 416 = (April 105 AD) whom had been high priest of idols and was converted through the evangelism of bishop Bar Samya of Edessa who was himself attacked in September of the same year, but not killed.
	www.srr.axbridge.org.uk /chron_tab1.html (3904 words)

	Detail Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The emperor dispatched Phraates, the son of Phraates IV of Parthia, to the scene, but he died in Syria and did not reach his destination.
		Artabanus returned to the throne soon after, but in 35, at the instigation of the Romans, Mithridates of the Asian Kingdom of Iberia invaded Parthia.
		After his generals were defeated, and in the face of invasion by the commander of the legions, Lucius Vitellius, Artabanus accepted Roman supremacy in Armenia.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=ROME0151 (264 words)

	Detail Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		For nearly 500 years the Arsacids were the second greatest power in the world, vying with Rome for supremacy and influence in the East.
		They were broken finally by the Sassanids, a new and more vital dynasty led by Ardashir I, but only after 37 rulers had sat upon the Arsacid throne.
		, Arsaces, a lord of Parthia, led a revolt against Antiochus II of Syria, destroying his enemy and declaring himself the king of Parthia.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=ROME0147 (564 words)

	ParthianEmpire.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Written literature of Parthians did not survive, so their history had to be put together from Greek, Roman and Chinese historical literature.
		In 206 BCE, the Seleucid king Antiochus III the Great made the Parthians to submit to him and forbid minting coins in the name of the parthian king.
		Decline of the Parthia came during the reign of King Vologases V (191-208 CE).
	www.worldcoincatalog.com /AC/C5/ParthianEmpire/ParthianEmpire.htm (242 words)

	Malter Galleries Past Auctions
		Sellwood 67.1; Shore 368; BMC Parthia 190, 1 (Vardanes II); MACW 648.
		Rulers include Vologases III; Mithradates III; Orodes I; Orodes II (2); Mithradates I; Gotarzes I; Artabanus II; Vologases I; and an Indo-Parthian drachm with a countermark.
		Mithradates I weakly struck on the obverse and the Mithradates III with an encrustation spot on the obverse.
	www.maltergalleries.com /archives/auction05/nov2005/auction87.html (2611 words)

	Roman Decadence 37-96 by Sanderson Beck
		Mithridates regained his kingship of Armenia, while Claudius sent a letter to restrain Cotys, king of Lesser Armenia, and Gotarzes II and his brother Vardanes fought a civil war in Parthia.
		Gotarzes came to terms with Vardanes after notifying him of a conspiracy; Vardanes returned to Seleucia and ended its seven-year revolt.
		Syrian governor Quadratus sent a force to repair these outrages; but he was recalled so as not to provoke a war with Parthia, for Vologases took the opportunity to send his Parthian army into Armenia, driving out the Iberians.
	www.san.beck.org /AB7-RomanDecadence.html (22821 words)

	Gotarzes I Drachm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Bust of Gotarzes I facing left, wearing a crested tiara over a diadem.
		As the archer is seated on a throne rather than a stool, this probably represents the king himself.
		The bow was the symbol of the might of Parthia's mounted archers, the strength of their nation.
	www3.sympatico.ca /northshore3/html/gotarzeshz.html (110 words)

	Central Asia Ancient Coin Ancient Greek Coin Gold Persia Ancient Coin Roman Ancient Coin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Parthia, Gotarzes I, 95-87 BC, AR Drachm (4.17g).
		Parthia, Orodes I, 90-77 BC, AR Drachm, fouree (2.7g).
		Parthia, Orodes I, 90-77 BC, AR Drachm (3.7g).
	www.ancient-art.com /east.htm (8353 words)

	Parthian Empire, page 2 (Gotarzes I - Mithradates III)
		Sellwood's Gotarzes I. Sinatruces was an elderly brother of Mithradates II.
		Fought and defeated Gotarzes I for control of Babylonia.
		Shore says the die tampering on these coins may be the work of a usurper.
	www.grifterrec.com /coins/parthia/parthian2.html (814 words)

	Parthia infoTurkish.com Herşey Hakkında Türkçe Bilgi
		At its height, Parthia occupied areas now in Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaidzhan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and (briefly) Pakistan and Syria.
		A rhyton, found by archaeologists during excavation of the town of Ashkhabad (State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia.)
		The Roman general Quintus Labienus, who had supported Caesar's murderers and feared reciprocity from his heirs, Mark Antony and Octavian (later Augustus), sided with the Parthians and eventually became the best general of king Pacorus I. In 41 BCE, Parthia, led by Labienus, invaded Syria, Cilicia, and Caria and attacked Phrygia and Asia Minor.
	www.infoturkish.com /Turkey/Parthia.html (10188 words)

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