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	Gotthard von Kettler - Wikipédia
		1527-ben Walter von Plettenberg kinevezett landmeister aki nemcsak a rendet, hanem egész Livóniát igazgatta, független államot épített újra ki.
		Mikor Kettler lett a nagymester a rend a pusztulás szélén állt.
		1561-ben Kettler kimondta a rend föloszlatását, amit a tagok tudomásul vettek.
	hu.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gotthard_von_Kettler#.C3.89lete (359 words)

	Kategorie Deutscher (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Februar 1939) ist eine Tochter von Tassilo TrÃ¶scher.
		Dezember 1947 in Mainz-Finthen) ist Bischof von Regensburg.
		GlÃ¼ckel von Hameln (* 1646 in Hamburg; â 17.
	www.infos-lexikon.de /k_Deutscher.html (4899 words)

	Early Vasa era - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It needed but a jolt to bring down the crazy anachronism, and the jolt came when, in 1558-1560, floods of Muscovites poured over the land, threatening the whole province with destruction.
		In his despair the last master of the order, Gotthard von Kettler, appealed to all his more civilized neighbours to save him, and his dominions were quickly partitioned between Poland, Denmark, and Sweden.
		Sweden’s original share of the spoils of the Livonian War was Reval, which, driven to extremities, placed itself beneath the protection of the Swedish crown in March 1561.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Foundation_of_Modern_Sweden (2322 words)

	Hedwig Kettler \| Biographies
		Hedwig Kettler herself had attended only a girls’ finishing school, where she received a kind of semi-education designed to prepare her for a life as homemaker and mother.
		Starting in 1893 Hedwig Kettler campaigned for the establishment of a Mädchengymnasium in Hanover, her new place of residence.
		Schmidbaur, Marianne: Hedwig Kettler und der Verein Frauenbildungs-Reform.
	www.fembio.org /biographie.php/woman/biography/hedwig-kettler (690 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Courland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Gotthard Kettler, the last Master of the Order of Livonia, became the first duke of Courland.
		The next Duke, Friedrich Wilhelm Kettler, was only six years old when he succeeded in 1698, and he was under the regency of his uncle Ferdinand â” a Polish general.
		Because Ferdinand was the last representative of Kettler's family, a remarkable number of candidates tried to gain the seat of duke during this period.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Courland (2560 words)

	Kettler Fastresults -- The Home Of The Kettler Ellipsentrainer Repository (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
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	www.kettler-fastresults.info /kettler-ellipsentrainer.php (823 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Livonian Brothers of the Sword (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Livonian Brothers of the Sword, also known as the Christ Knights or The Militia of Christ of Livonia, was a military order started in 1202 by Albert von Buxhövden[?], bishop of Riga, and composed of German "warrior monks".
		In 1557 the Polish king Sigismund II Augustus intervened in a war between the bishop of Riga and the Brothers.
		After an agreement with the king, the last grandmaster of the order, Gotthard Kettler[?] secularized the order, and converted to the Lutheran church.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/li/Livonian_Brothers_of_the_Sword (359 words)

	Deutschbaltischer Adel
		Von 1561 bis 1918 wurde das Baltikum praktisch von den verschiedenen Ritterschaften unter dänischer, polnischer, schwedischer und zuletzt russischer Oberhoheit regiert.
		Einer, der in baltischen Kreisen gern erzählt wurde und sich auf drei bekannte baltische und schwedische Familien bezieht, ist der von Noah.
		Von einem Herrn von Anrep aus dem Baltikum wird berichtet, daß er als Gast zu einem Gut kam und beim Empfang vom Hausherrn gefragt wurde, wo er sein Gepäck hätte.
	www.g-gruppen.net /baltdeut.htm (5164 words)

	Kettler - KETTLER � Homepage � O firmě. Produkty. Garance � Novinky � Akce. Ceníky. Prodejci � Kontakty. ...
		Kettler Sportequipment - Testberichte und Preisvergleich bei dooyoo.de.
		Kettler Fahrrad - Testberichte und Preisvergleich bei dooyoo.de.
		Tim Kettler is a lifelong Ohio resident, residing in the farming community of Warsaw, Ohio with his wife Roberta, and son Malcolm..
	orangw.pl /kettler-8144.html (2220 words)

	Kettler - KETTLER � Homepage � O firmě. Produkty. Garance � Novinky � Akce. Ceníky. Prodejci � Kontakty. ...
		Gotthard von Kettler (1517-1587) – ostatni mistrz zakonu kawalerów mieczowych, książę Kurlandii i Semigalii.
		Kettler Sportequipment - Testberichte und Preisvergleich bei dooyoo.de.
		Kettler Fahrrad - Testberichte und Preisvergleich bei dooyoo.de.
	unicode.pl /kettler-8144.html (2220 words)

	Expanding The Kettler Rolly Junior Leader And Excavator Universe One Page At A Time -- Kettler Fastresults (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Everyone may be round rise path quite less kettler herlag alu shopper stroller its finish a plan down the kettler here joined beneath method 2005 kettler.
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	www.kettler-fastresults.info /kettler-rolly-junior-leader-and-excavator.php (635 words)

	Der Deutsche Orden
		Thorner Frieden von 1411 hatte sich das Verhältnis zwischen dem Deutschen Orden und den Ständen zunehmend verschlechtert.
		Nach dem Vordringen der Reformation in Preußen trat der Hochmeister Albrecht von Brandenburg 1525 zum lutherischen Glauben über.
		Diesem Schritt folgte 1561 der livländische Landmeister Gotthard Kettler für Kurland, da Livland infolge des Krieges gegen das Moskauer Großfürstentum unter seine Nachbarn aufgeteilt wurde.
	www.preussenmuseum.de /orden8.htm (158 words)

	✓ 17._Mai - Weltraummedizin.de - Weltraummedizin
		Von den ersten Ingenieuren und experimentellen Wissenschaftlern sei der Amerikaner R.
		Europa Erst in den 1980er Jahren erlangten auch andere Staaten eine zunehmende Bedeutung in der Raumfahrt.
		Erste Schritte wurden durch den Besuch von europÃ¤ischen Astronauten auf der Raumstation MIR vollzogen.
	weltraummedizin.de /index.php/17._Mai (2480 words)

	Bechmann: The Communication of Risks and the Risks of communicating ... - 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Gotthard Bechmann is a social scientist in the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Technikfolgenabschaetzung und Systemanalyse (ITAS), Germany.
		With David Kettler and Volker Meja he is the author of Political Knowledge (1994) as well as co-editor of several previously unpublished manuscripts by Karl Mannheim.
		His Klima-Wetter-Mensch (with Hans von Storch), The Fragility of Modern Societies and Knowledge and Economic Conduct: The Foundations of the Modern Economy are forthcoming.
	www.itas.fzk.de /deu/Itaslit/best99a_abstracte.htm (493 words)

	Zeppelin University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		(with David Kettler and Volker Meja) "Is a science of politics possible?" Society 24: 76-82, 1987.
		(with Hans von Storch) "The social construct of climate and climate policy" Delta 5: 8, 14, 1995.
		(with Hans von Storch) "The case for the social sciences in climate research" Ambio 26: 66-71, 1997.
	www.zeppelin-university.de /deutsch/lehrstuehle/stehr_journal_articles.php (1386 words)

	Kettler Connection - Dig deeper into and get MORE of your kind of solutions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Although Kettler Connection has attempted to verify all the information provided on the subject matter you are searching for, we have not completely verified all the sources at this time.
		Therefore, Kettler Connection is unable to be held responsible for the references given in this document as it is done so for informational purposes only.
		Choose from a Kettler Connection related article that may shed further light on...
	www.kettler-connection.info (108 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - COURLAND: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		When Courland came into the possession of Poland, according to the treaty between the last grand master of the Order, Gotthard Kettler, and King Sigismund Augustus (Sept., 1561), it was stipulated that no Jews should be permitted to engage in commerce or to lease customs duties or taxes in Livonia ("Pacta Subjectionis," in "Codex Diplomat.
		The barons Hector Frederick and Reinhold von der Osten-Sacken, when they founded on their estate the town of Neu-Subbat, inserted a paragraph in its constitution (April 5, 1686) forbidding Jews to live in the town or to establish a tavern there.
		He advocated the opinion that the Jews should be tolerated under conditions conducive to the welfare of the country and of the respective towns in which they might settle.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=831&letter=C (4918 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		After this was done, Sir Wilhelm von Fürstenberg and a number of well armed knights went to the king at Pozwol (Paswolle) in Lithuania, as did the archbishop and Duke Christoffer.
		It was at this time that Sir Heinrich von Galen died and the coadjuator, Sir Wilhelm von Fürstenberg, assumed all the powers of the mastership.
		The family Zöge von Manteuffel was one of the richest of the region.
	department.monm.edu /history/urban/books/Renner1556-7.htm (6183 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Rumors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Gotthard von Kettler, Commander in chief of the Livonian order, Haider von Nauckhoff and Franz von Schwarzenadler was all sitting in a very dark room at the Riga-residence of Franz, the Orenhaus mansion.
		Kettler had recently put forward what every one of the noble's wanted (but no one untill now had dared to say) - the end of the Livonians time with power, and the introduction of the Lutheran faith as state religion.
		Six children were born of the marriage of Philip von Hapsburg, King of Castille, and Jeanne of Trastamara, Queen of Castille, the daughter of Ferdinand the Catholic, King of Aragon, and Queen Isabelle of Castille.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=125709 (8609 words)

	Geschichte in Kurland - Kurzeme bis 1945
		Kurland ist eine der fünf historischen Landschaften von Lettland.
		Der Enkel von Gotthard von Kettler hatte sich schon früh den Ruf eines hochgebildeten und weisen Mannes erworben.
		Das, und die Aussperrung der deutschen Minderheit von höheren Positionen in Verwaltung und Militär, führte in der Folgezeit der Weimarer Republik zu einer grossen Fluchtwelle der deutschstämmigen Kurländer.
	www.von-stackelberg.de /geschichte/kurland.htm (653 words)

	Informat.io on Livonian People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1201, the Bishop Albert von Buxhövden founded the City of Riga as a Christian settlement at the mouth of the river Daugava.
		When this did not immediately induce the Livonians, Estonians, and Baltic peoples in its hinterland to convert, a knightly order was formed, the Knights of the Sword, primarily consisting of Germans, to bring salvation to the pagans by force.
		Livonia and South Eastern Latvia were claimed by Poland, while Curonia became an independent duchy with Gotthard Kettler, the Livonian Order's last Grandmaster as its first Duke.
	www.informat.io /?title=livonian-people (2231 words)

	Livonian Brothers of the Sword - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Livonian Order then sought protection from King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland, who had intervened in a war between Bishop William of Riga and the Brothers in 1557.
		After coming to an agreement with the Polish king and his representatives (especially Mikołaj "Czarny" Radziwiłł), the last Master, Gotthard Kettler, secularized the Order and converted to Lutheranism.
		In the southern part of the Brothers' lands he created the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia for his family.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Livonian_Brothers_of_the_Sword (554 words)

	The Later 16th Century
		Even the prominent land master of that period, Walter von Plettenberg, famous because of his victories over the Russians in 1501 -1502, had serious difficulties in ruling a territory which remained divided into possessions of the Order, of the hierarchy under the powerful Archbishop of Riga, and of the rich cities.
		Nevertheless, three years later, Galen’s successor, Wilhelm von Fürstenberg, in conflict with the Archbishop of Riga and after a diplomatic incident with the King of Poland (the traditional protector of the archbishopric), who had mobilized strong forces at the Livonian border, made an agreement with Sigismund Augustus.
		Kettler, who secularized the Livonian Order, was made hereditary Duke of Curland (the southern part of Livonia) under the king’s suzerainty.
	victorian.fortunecity.com /wooton/34/halecki/11.htm (5756 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Reformation
		Duke Henry of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel was exiled in 1542, and the
		Reformation: Julius von Pflug was installed in his diocese of Naumburg, Duke Henry of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel recovered his lands, and
		Commander Gotthard Kettler of Courland embraced the Augsburg Confession, and
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12700b.htm (9692 words)

	Kettler Connection - dig deeper into andy kettler and get MORE andy kettler solutions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		However, andy kettler searches can be used by almost anyone.
		When searching andy kettler materials, it's necessary to use one's time to its fullest.
		Although Kettler Connection has attempted to verify all the information provided on the subject matter of andy kettler, we have not completely verified all the sources at this time.
	www.kettler-connection.info /andy-kettler (290 words)

	Polish and Russian Political History - The Last Of The Jagiellos, 1548-1572
		Each of the three aimed at the domination of the Baltic, and the first step towards the domination of the Baltic was the possession of Livonia.
		Sigismund sent his ambassadors to mediate between the rivals; but, in the meantime, Fiirstenberg had besieged and captured the Archbishop in Kokenhausen ; and Lancki, one of the Polish envoys, was murdered by the Grand Master's son.
		Kettler thereupon exchanged Catholicism for Lutheranism, and became a feudatory of Poland under the title of Duke of Courland, which dignity was to be hereditary in his heirs male.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles11/slavic-europe-5.shtml (4711 words)

	The Reformation
		The Diocese of Naumburg-Zeitz becoming vacant, Elector John Frederick of Saxony installed by force in the see the Lutheran preacher Nicholas Amsdorf (instead of the cathedral provost, Julius von Pflug, chosen by the chapter) and himself undertook the secular government.
		The collapse of the Smalkaldic League (1547) somewhat stemmed the progress of the Reformation: Julius von Pflug was installed in his diocese of Naumburg, Duke Henry of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel recovered his lands, and Hermann von Wied had to resign the Diocese of Cologne, where the Catholic Faith was thus maintained.
		Commander Gotthard Kettler of Courland embraced the Augsburg Confession, and converted the land into a secular hereditary duchy, tributary to Poland.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/r/reformation.html (10530 words)

	Political developments in Kurland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		To avoid being annexed by the ever increasing Russian power, the vassals and towns in Estland subjugated themselves to the King of Sweden, while Livland and Kurland put themselves under the protectorate of the King of Poland.
		The last Grand Master of the Order in Livonia, Gotthard Kettler, accepted the duties of liege to the King of Poland, and in return was created Duke of Kurland.
		Philipp George Friedrich von Hahn was a member of the delegation from Kurland received by Katharina II.
	www3.bc.sympatico.ca /vonHahn/hahn3.htm (545 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Courland, 1561-1641
		In 1561, Gotthard Kettler, the last Livonian Landmaster, transformed Courland into a hereditary duchy and took it as a fief from the King of Poland, Sigismund II.
		In 1566, Duke Gotthard Kettler married Anna of Mecklenburg, sister of the last coadjutor of Riga.
		Poland pawned it to Georg Friedrich von Brandenburg (who had privided the loan with which Denmark had been paid off); only in 1717 did it revert to Polish administration.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/eceurope/courland15611641.html (488 words)

	Teutonic Knights - Armed Forces - German Archive: The Teutonic Knights or Teutonic Order (German: Deutscher Orden, ...
		The authoritarian Heinrich von Plauen was forced from power and replaced with Michael Küchmeister von Sternberg, although the new Grand Master was unable to revive the order's fortunes; the knights lost some small border regions and renounced all claims to Samogitia in the 1422 Treaty of Melno.
		The Livonian territory was then partitioned by neighboring powers during the Livonian War; in 1561 the Livonian Master Gotthard Kettler secularized the southern Livonian possessions of the order to create the Duchy of Courland, also a vassal of Poland.
		With the abdication of Albert of Prussia, Walter von Cronberg became the Deutschmeister in 1527 and the Grand Master in 1530.
	www.germannotes.com /archive/article.php?products_id=567&osCsid=905cf4116ae7f52873e1f58f4c9a1a0e (2749 words)

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