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	Johann Christoph Gottsched - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gottsched's chief work was his Versuch einer kritischen Dichtkunst für die Deutschen (1730), the first systematic treatise in German on the art of poetry from the standpoint of Boileau.
		As a critic, Gottsched insisted on German literature being subordinated to the laws of French classicism; he enunciated rules by which the playwright must be bound, and abolished bombast and buffoonery from the serious stage.
		Gottsched, although not blind to the beauties of the English writers, clung the more tenaciously to his principle that poetry must be the product of rules, and, in the fierce controversy which for a time raged between Leipzig and Zürich, he was inevitably defeated.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Johann_Christoph_Gottsched (510 words)

	Luise Gottsched - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Luise Adelgunde Gottsched (1713-1762) was a German poet, playwright, essayist, and translator, and is often considered one of the founders of modern German theatrical comedy.
		She was born in Poland in the Polish city of Gdańsk (Danzig).
		She became acquainted with her husband, the poet and author Johann Christoph Gottsched, when she sent him some of her own works.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Luise_Gottsched (187 words)

	MSN Encarta - German Literature
		A notable critic of the period was Johann Christoph Gottsched, whose Versuch einer Critischen Dichtkunst vor die Deutschen (Essay on a Critical Theory of Poetry for the Germans, 1730) established standards derived from the logic and precision of French literature.
		Gottsched also attempted to reform the drama, both as a literary arbiter and as a translator of French, Greek, and Latin plays.
		Above all he was an enthusiastic advocate of Shakespeare, urging in a series of critical essays that German writers should turn from slavish imitation of French classicism, as Gottsched had prescribed, towards the freedom and diversity of the English model.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761555778_2/German_Literature.html (1643 words)

	JOHANN CHRISTOPH GOTTSCHED - LoveToKnow Article on JOHANN CHRISTOPH GOTTSCHED (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		His Ausfuhrliche Redekunst (1728) and his Grundlegung einer deutsehen Sprachkunst (1748) were of importance for the development of German style and the purification of the language.
		Gottsched, although not blind to the beauties of the English writers, clung the more tenaciously tO his principle that poetry must be the product of rules, and, in the fierce controversy which for a time raged between Leipzig and ZUrich, he was inevitably defeated.
		See T. Danzel, Gottsched und seine Zeit (Leipzig, 1848); J. Crilger, Goltsched, Bodmer, und Breitinger (with selections from their writings) (Stuttgart, 1884); F. Servaes, Die Poetik Gottscheds und der Schweizer (Strassburg, I887); E. Wolff, Gottscheds Stellung im deutschen Bildungsleben (2 vols., Kiel, 1895-1897), and G. Waniek, Gottsched und die deutsche Literatur seiner Zeit (Leipzig, 1897).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /G/GO/GOTTSCHED_JOHANN_CHRISTOPH.htm (622 words)

	Gottsched, Johann Christoph on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		His rationalistic Versuch einer critischen Dichtkunst [a critical approach to poetry] (1730) rejects poetic fancy and conceits, stressing purity of language and classic construction.
		Gottsched's theories were convincingly refuted by Bodmer and Breitinger.
		The development of physical influx in early eighteenth-century Germany: Gottsched, Knutzen, and Crusius.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/G/Gottsche.asp (305 words)

	Seminar
		Susanne Kord’s monograph examines aspects of Gottsched’s work and demonstrates that, while Gottsched supported her husband’s cultural program, she eventually developed beyond him, delving into areas considered male domains – for example, the writing of tragedy and the engagement with the Cult of Friendship.
		Die Pietisterey, which Gottsched reworked from Bougeant’s French satire on Jansenism into a German criticism of Pietism, and her Panthea, in which she blazed new territory in her rejection of poetic justice in favour of realism, amply indicate her ability both to adapt an original work as needed and to write tragedy.
		Yet in Gottsched’s milieu, the ability to engage in “unfeminine” activities was dependent upon the patronage of a dominant male cultural figure such as J.C. Gottsched – which, as Kord demonstrates, Gottsched appears to have rejected when she could.
	www.humanities.ualberta.ca /seminar/display.cfm?ReviewID=78 (493 words)

	Gottsched Johann Christoph: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Johann Friedrich Birnbaum, Johann Abraham Clauder, Johann Christoph Franck, Salomo Gottsched, Johann Christoph Heineccius, Johann Michael Helbig, Johann Friedrich Helm, Christoph Hunold, Christian...
		GOTTSCHED, JOHANN CHRISTOPH yo han kris tof got shet, 1700 1766, German literary critic, disciple...conceits, stressing purity of language and classic construction.
		The classicist theories of Johann Christoph Gottsched aroused violent critical reactions, indirectly...as Sturm und Drang embraced the works of Johann Hamann, Johann Gottfried von Herder, and Jakob Lenz...
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/101246860 (766 words)

	All About Jewish Theatre - Gotthold Ephraim Lessing ,Life & works
		During the whole of the seventeenth century and the earlier part of the eighteenth, the literary history of Germany may almost be compared to a desert, and in the annals of no other modern nation shall we find such a long period of barrenness.
		The chief diversion is the animated controversy between the school of the pedantic Gottsched, who ruled at Leipsic, and the partisans of Bodmer, who at Zurich brought out from obscurity the long-neglected Nibelungenlied.
		As Gottsched took Racine for his model, Bodmer upheld the value of English literature and translated Milton and Pope.
	www.jewish-theatre.com /visitor/article_display.aspx?articleID=356 (3391 words)

	[No title]
		It was demanded that there should be a distinct difference between the language of the writer and that in everyday use, and again a difference between poetic language and prose; on the other hand, great care had to be taken that the difference should never become too great, so that common intelligibility should not suffer.
		Gottsched was the first in Germany, if not to apprehend it, at least to ponder it and to advocate it with persistent zeal.
		Gottsched presented a program which he systematically strove to carry out, and in which one of the most important places is given to the building up of an artistic theatre, after the model of the great civilized nations.
	www.gutenberg.org /files/11123/11123-8.txt (18392 words)

	Literary Encyclopedia: Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim
		Although Gottsched was later overshadowed by Lessing, his theory of the drama, based on the aesthetics of French classicism, governed dramatic writing and performance in the early German Enlightenment.
		Gottsched re-vitalized the role of the actors in performance practice and insisted on creating a professional and well-paid drama company in order to develop theater into an effective cultural agency, and his dramatic theory and practice provided an important, though flawed, first foundation for the later development of drama in Germany.
		The Faust fragment of the 17th Letter radically breaks with the prevalent theological view of a sinful Faust and portrays the hero as a man driven by his thirst for knowledge (“the most noble of all drives”) and anticipates both Sturm und Drang (Storm and Stress) notions and Goethe’s approach to the Faust theme.
	www.litencyc.com /php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=2704 (2715 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Gottsched Johann Christoph
		Gottsched, Johann Christoph (1700-1766), influential German critic and author who advanced a rationalist philosophy of aesthetics in an attempt to...
		He settled in England about 1700 and contributed to English dramatist John Gay's ballad operas...
		Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers--quickly search thousands of articles from magazines such as Time, Newsweek, The Atlantic Monthly, and Smithsonian.
	encarta.msn.com /Gottsched_Johann_Christoph.html (131 words)

	Johann Christoph Gottsched, 1571130632, £40.00/$60.00, 144pp, 1995
		Johann Christoph Gottsched was one of the most important figures in eighteenth century German history.
		He established a standard for German poetics; wrote important plays for the German theatre in its infancy; and was the author of the first standard reference works on German rhetoric and grammar, the latter of which helped to found a literary language.
		However, his fame, particularly as a dramatist, was eclipsed by the devastating criticism of G.E. Lessing later in the century, and he suffered by comparison to later artists such as Lessing himself, Friedrich Nicolai, and Mendelssohn.
	www.boydell.co.uk /71130632.HTM (312 words)

	Pietism products at MSN Shopping
		Together with her better-known husband, Johann C. Gottsched, she crusaded to reform the language and literary taste of the Germans.
		Frau Gottsched's most important contribution to German literature came in the form of her translations and original comedies in the French classical style.
		The targets of her biting wit are hypocritical religious fundamentalists, the gentry, middle-class social climbers, German francophiles, and pseudo-intellectuals.
	shopping.msn.com /results/shp/?bcatid=4,ptnrid=8,text=Pietism,ptnrda... (646 words)

	February 2
		Birth of Johann Christoph Gottsched in Judithenkirch, Germany (now in Russia).
		Among his theoretical works on literature, his Versuch einer kritischen Dichtkunst vor die Deutschen (1730) was the most influential.
		Gottsched worked closely with Caroline Neuber and her theater in establishing the Leipzig school of acting.
	courseweb.stthomas.edu /paschons/language_http/calendar/feb2.html (643 words)

	Powell's Books - Little Detours: The Letters and Plays of Luise Gottsched (1713-1762) (Studies in German Literature, ...
		Central to her discussion are Gottsched's dramas and her letters to Johann Christoph Gottsched, her husband and mentor, and to Dorothea Henriette von Runckel, her friendand confidante.
		In view of the fact that theory andpoetology were considered an exclusively male domain, one moreover largely dominated by her own husband, Gottsched's perhaps most significant deviation consists of her veiled contributions to the definition of major literary concepts of her day, such as originality and authorship, in her forewordsand dramas.
		Central to her discussion are Gottsched's dramas and her letters to Johann Christoph Gottsched, her husband and mentor, and to Dorothea Henriette von Runckel, her friend and confidante.
	www.powells.com /biblio?isbn=1571131485 (691 words)

	GOTTSCHED, JOHANN CHRISTOPH (1700-1766) - Online Information article about GOTTSCHED, JOHANN CHRISTOPH (1700-1766) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		As a critic, Gottsched insisted on German literature being subordinated to the See also:
		After her death her husband edited her Samtliche kleinere Gedichte with a memoir (1763).
		Kiel, 1895-1897), and G. Waniek, Gottsched and die deutsche Literatur seiner Zeit (Leipzig, 1897).
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /GOA_GRA/GOTTSCHED_JOHANN_CHRISTOPH_1700.html (734 words)

	Bruce Duncan - Faculty/German Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Chair of German Studies at various other times, including from 1980-89, he also served as Associate Dean for the Humanities from 1989-93 and for 18 months as Acting Director of the Hopkins Center for the Performing Arts.
		His literary research centers on German literature of the 18th and 19th centuries and includes articles on Achim von Arnim, Gerstenberg, Goethe, Gottsched, Lenz, Lessing, Schiller, and Weiße, as well as on topics of intellectual history.
		His book on "Lovers, Parricides and Highwaymen": Aspects of Sturm und Drang Drama appeared in 1999, and his study on Goethe's Werther and the Critics was published in 2005 as part of the Camden House Series, Literary Criticism in Perspective.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~german/faculty/duncan.html (233 words)

	November 30
		"Die Neuberin" as her close associate, the critic, Johann Gottsched, called her was largely responsible as an actress and a theater director of moving German theater from loose slapstick productions to serious performance of quality plays.
		The early collaboration with Gottsched turned to a bitter feud in later years.
		At one point she referred to him from the stage as a "bat-eared censor".
	courseweb.stthomas.edu /paschons/language_http/CALENDAR/nov30.html (651 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Johann Christoph Gottsched (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This is an extract from The Middle East Open Encyclopedia, made possible through the Wikimedia Foundation.
		Iraq Museum International always displays the most recent published revision of the source article, Johann Christoph Gottsched; all previous versions may be viewed here.
		They link directly to authoring tools for you to start writing a particular article.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Johann_Christoph_Gottsched (636 words)

	Johann Jakob Bodmer
		In 1725 he was appointed professor of Helvetian history in Zürich, a chair which he held for half a century, and in 1735 became a member of the "Grosser Rat." He published (1721-23), in conjunction with J. Breitinger (1701-1774) and several others, Die Discourse der Mahlern, a weekly journal after the model of the Spectator.
		Through his prose translation of John Milton's Paradise Lost (1732) and his successful endeavors to make a knowledge of English literature accessible to Germany, he aroused the hostile criticism of Gottsched and his school, a struggle which ended in the complete discomfiture of the latter.
		His most important writings are the treatises Von dem Wunderbaren in der Poesie (1740) and Kritische Betrachtungen über die poetischen Gemälde der Dichter (1741), in which he pleaded for the freedom of the imagination from the restriction imposed upon it by French pseudo-classicism.
	www.nndb.com /people/866/000094584 (245 words)

	II. Steele and Addison: Bibliography. Vol. 9. From Steele and Addison to Pope and Swift. The Cambridge History of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		German: Gottsched, L. V., 1735; anon., 1763; Gottsched J. (Louise G.’s husband), produced, 1731, Der Sterbende Cato, for the most part copied from Caton d’Utique by Deschamps, J. (1715), but with ending adapted from Addison’s drama.
		2, 1742; Gottsched, L. V., Ein Lustspiel des Herrn Addison nach dem Französischen des Herrn Destouches übersetzt, 1764.
		Frankfort und Leipzig, 1725; Der Engländische Guardian oder Aufseher, 1749, by Gottsched, L. Mottos: The Mottoes to the Two Volumes of Guardians, translated into English, 1713.
	www.bonus.com /contour/bartlettqu/http@@/www.bartleby.com/219/0200.html (3046 words)

	Influential People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This page provides a very short introduction to the life of Gottsched.
		This page contains a nice summary of Gottsched's life, works and talks about his theories on the German language.
		This is a brief summary of Gottsched's life, works and accomplishments from the ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA.
	web.uvic.ca /geru/472/472people.htm (1209 words)

	Ken Larson - How Large was the Shakespeare Canon?
		I would like to start with the situation in Germany, where nearly everyone agrees Shakespeare was more influential, and where the significant early discussions of Shakespeare are more readily available in numerous collections of documents.
		It is widely accepted that, although Shakespeare's name had appeared in print in Germany since 1682, he was never discussed in any detail until he became the object of attack by Gottsched in the early 1740s.
		But the point that I believe has never been underscored sufficiently is that in all of Gottsched's subsequent references to Shakespeare in his books and articles, he never goes beyond Julius Caesar alone.
	aurora.wells.edu /~klarson/papers/mla88.htm (1875 words)

	AllRefer.com - Johann Christoph Gottsched (German Literature, Biography) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		AllRefer.com - Johann Christoph Gottsched (German Literature, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		You are here : AllRefer.com > Reference > Encyclopedia > German Literature, Biographies > Johann Christoph Gottsched
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Johann Christoph Gottsched
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/Gottsche.html (240 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: Luise Gottsched: Description of the Empress Maria Theresa, 1749
		Modern History Sourcebook: Luise Gottsched: Description of the Empress Maria Theresa, 1749
		Luise Gottsched was one of the brightest women of the 18th Century.
		But after her husband began his Dictionary of the German Language and Model Grammar she dropped all her own literary work to assist him.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/1749gottschen-mariatheresa.html (976 words)

	Amazons and Professionals: Women and the German Parnassus in the Early Enlightenment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Gottsched's efforts to involve women in this process have been noted, but in Amazons and Apprentices, Katherine Goodman examines for the first time the Gottsched circle's intitiatives regarding intellectual women in the context of the broader discourse of which they were an important part.
		The book focuses mainly on two women -- Christiane Mariane von Ziegler and Luise Gottsched -- and the web of cultural meaning each of them activated through her deeds and words.Katherine R. Goodman is professor of German at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
		She is the author of Dis/Closures: Women's Autobiography in Germany 1790-1914, and has edited a number of books on German women writers.
	isbn.nu /1571131388 (489 words)

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