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Topic: Government structure of Communist Czechoslovakia

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	Government structure of Communist Czechoslovakia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The government of Czechoslovakia under communism was in theory a democratic one directed by the proletariat, in practice it was much closer to being totalitarian dictatorship run by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia the KSC.
		In the 1970s and 1980s the government structure was based on the amended 1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia, which identified the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic as a federative state of two equal fraternal nations.
		The executive branch of government consisted of the president, the prime minister, a number of deputy prime ministers, and the federal ministers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Government_structure_of_Communist_Czechoslovakia (2532 words)

	Czechoslovakia - Search View - MSN Encarta
		However, the constitution of 1920 declared Czechoslovakia to be a centralized, unitary state of a single “Czechoslovak people,” who spoke a “Czechoslovak language.” The Slovaks also resented the patronizing attitude of the more urbanized Czechs and their control of much of the administrative machinery, even in Slovakia.
		When the government was reestablished on Czechoslovak soil in April 1945, it included a strong Communist contingent, as did the “action committees” that sprang up throughout the country and took over local administration.
		The Communists still commanded a majority of the cabinet, and their control of the police and workers’ militia permitted them to mount armed demonstrations in the streets.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761553727__1/Czechoslovakia.html (2760 words)

	Czechoslovakia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Czechoslovakia arose in October 1918 as one the succession states of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I.
		After World War II the pre-war Czechoslovakia was reestablished the were expelled from the country and Ruthenia was occupied by (officially "given to") Soviet Union.
		The Czechoslovakia national football team was a performer in the international scene with 8 in the FIFA World Cup Finals finishing in second-place in 1934 and 1962.
	www.freeglossary.com /Czechoslovakia (1624 words)

	Czechoslovakia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The tight grip of the communist government began to loosen in 1963.
		From 1968 to 1989, Czechoslovakia seemed to be a country of a politically apathetic population ruled by aging communist hard liners and bureaucrats.
		Czechoslovakia emerged from the rubble of the Habsburg Empire in 1918.
	www.geohistory.com /GeoHistory/GHMaps/GeoWorld/czhek.html (2519 words)

	Situation and Outlook - Government
		The government of the United Kingdom is one of the most stable of the world, it is as stable as that of the United States.
		The government of Lithuania is described as a parliamentary republic.
		The legislative branch of government is the House of Representatives, or parliament.
	www.ianr.unl.edu /kendrick/411/government-S00.html (19210 words)

	Czechoslovakia ECONOMIC STRUCTURE AND ITS CONTROL MECHANISMS - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural ...
		In most communist economies, these variables are determined by a small governing group and are incorporated in a national plan that has the force of law.
		This is the case in Czechoslovakia, where the centralized economic structure parallels that of the government and the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (Komunisticka strana Ceskoslovenska--KSC).
		Czechoslovakia, by contrast, was a small country that had already reached a high level of industrialization and was rather heavily dependent on foreign trade when the Soviet system was first imposed after World War II.
	www.photius.com /countries/slovakia/economy/czechoslovakia_economy_economic_structure_a~776.html (1498 words)

	Czech Republic (04/06)
		Although Czechoslovakia was the only east European country to remain a parliamentary democracy from 1918 to 1938, it was plagued with minority problems, the most important of which concerned the country's large German population.
		The communist leadership allowed token reforms in the early 1960s, but discontent arose within the ranks of the Communist Party central committee, stemming from dissatisfaction with the slow pace of the economic reforms, resistance to cultural liberalization, and the desire of the Slovaks within the leadership for greater autonomy for their republic.
		The Czechoslovak Government immediately declared that the troops had not been invited into the country and that their invasion was a violation of socialist principles, international law, and the UN Charter.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/3237.htm (4983 words)

	Communism and National Security: The Menace Emerges--by Ellen Schrecker
		Even at its peak, the Communist party had a high turnover rate; and by the early 1950s, most of the people who had once been in the party had quit, proving that they were hardly the ideological zombies they were commonly portrayed as.
		Nonetheless, the assumption that all Communists followed the party line all the time was to structure and justify the political repression of the McCarthy period.
		Nonetheless, because Communists had been active, these strikes were cited during the early years of the cold war as evidence that the party had tried to sabotage American rearmament.
	www.english.uiuc.edu /maps/mccarthy/schreker1.htm (1325 words)

	Post-War Czechoslovakia
		The re-emergence of Czechoslovakia as a sovereign state was not only the result of Allied policies but also an indication of the strength of the Czechoslovak idea, particularly as embodied in the First Republic.
		Czechoslovakia became a satellite of the Soviet Union; it was a founding member of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon) in 1949 and of the Warsaw Pact in 1955.
		Although Czechoslovakia's industrial growth of 170 percent between 1948 and 1957 was impressive, it was far exceeded by that of Japan (300 percent) and the Federal Republic of Germany (almost 300 percent) and more than equaled by Austria and Greece.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/CzechPW.html (4734 words)

	Czechoslovakia - GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In 1987 the government structure was based on the amended 1960 Constitution, which identifies the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic as a federative state of two equal fraternal nations.
		The central government, located in Prague, has exclusive jurisdiction over foreign policy, international relations, defense, federal stockpiles, federal legislation and administration, and the federal judicial system.
		In reality, however, all decisions of state are made by the communist party.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-3725.html (156 words)

	Part 1: The Polish Government - The Churchill Centre
		The collapse of Communist regimes throughout Eastern Europe in the autumn of 1989 cheered the hearts of all lovers of freedom.
		Stalin wanted a Polish government that was friendly to Russia, and, at least partly as a result of the German invasion of 1941, he felt that he could ensure the friendliness of a country on his border only by controlling it, directly or indirectly.
		To the extent that geography governs history Poland, trapped between totalitarian giants, was, once war broke out, probably doomed for the time to fall under the sway of one or the other regardless of what the democratic powers tried to do.
	www.winstonchurchill.org /i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=89 (4992 words)

	How Czechoslovakia Became Communist
		In understanding the transformation of Czechoslovakia into a workers state, it is necessary to start with Edvard Benes, the left social democrat who was ousted by the Communists in 1948.
		So if Chris Harman questions whether the Communists introduced anything fundamentally new after 1948, it is useful to understand that in a very real sense the Communists represented a more ruthless adoption of the social and economic program that Benes already was committed to, at least on a verbal level.
		Although he was ideologically committed to a socialist Czechoslovakia, there is little doubt that the need to outflank the CP was a primary factor in nationalizing industry.
	www.columbia.edu /~lnp3/mydocs/state_and_revolution/czechoslovakia.htm (1343 words)

	history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The formation of Czechoslovakia was supposed to be a new beginning of autonomy and progress for the Slovaks, but instead there was discontent.
		Tiso’s puppet government was abolished and Czechoslovakia was resurrected.
		Dubcek wanted drastic changes for Czechoslovakia, which he called "Socialism with a human face." The changes softened government control on social life, the most important of which was the end of government censorship.
	www.unc.edu /~michalka/slovakia/history.html (1304 words)

	Czechoslovakia - GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Gustav Husak elected first secretary of KSC in 1969 (changed to general secretary in 1971) and president of Czechoslovakia in 1975.
		Government: Government functioned under 1960 Constitution, which was substantially amended in 1968 and to lesser extents in 1971, 1975, and 1978.
		Czechoslovakia considered strong ally of Soviet Union and closely followed Soviet lead in international affairs.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-3626.html (192 words)

	vocab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The move sacrificed Czechoslovakia to Hitler in an attempt to avoid war.
		Tiso’s government was in bed with Nazi Germany, and Tiso was executed after the war.
		After years of hardline communist leaders, Dubcek’s government reformed the government striving for socialism with a face.
	www.unc.edu /~michalka/slovakia/vocab.html (234 words)

	Charter 77 in Czechoslovakia
		A case in point is the Eastern European dissidents who terrified their Communist overlords in the 1970's and 1980's.
		These policy shifts inadvertently triggered strong reactions in Russia and the Communist Bloc countries of Eastern Europe, as the seeds planted by the dissidents during long years of struggle and oppression began to germinate.
		People began to stand up and deny the legitimacy of their Communist governments—one by one at first, then by the hundreds, then by the hundreds of thousands.
	www.fragmentsweb.org /fourtx/powonetx.html (635 words)

	Romania - Government (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The country had set out on that path in 1945 when the Soviet Union pressured King Michael to appoint communists to key government positions, where they provided the power base for a complete communist takeover and the abolition of the monarchy in December 1947.
		The formal structure of the government established by the Constitution of 1965 was changed in a significant way by a 1974 amendment that established the office of president of the republic.
		The organizations functioned as a mechanism by which the PCR and the Ceausescus controlled all government activity and preempted threats to their rule.
	countrystudies.us /romania/64.htm (569 words)

	Chapter 25
		After the USSR installed a Communist government in North Korea in September 1948, that government promoted and supported an insurgency in South Korea in an attempt to bring down the recognized government and gain jurisdiction over the entire Korean peninsula.
		The President also redirected the bulk of the Seventh Fleet to Taiwan, where by standing between the Chinese Communists on the mainland and the Nationalists on the island it could discourage either one from attacking the other and thus prevent a widening of hostilities.
		Finally, a provision of the armistice recommended that the belligerent governments convene a political conference to negotiate a final settlement of the whole Korean question.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/books/AMH/AMH-25.htm (9810 words)

	Czechoslovakia Government 1989 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ...
		Czechoslovakia Government 1989 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System
		Legal system: civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes, modified by Communist legal theory; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
		Political party and leader: Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSC), Milos Jakes, General Secretary (since 17 December 1987); Communist Party of Slovakia (KSS) has status of provincial KSC organization; Committee for Party Work in Czech Republic has de facto provincial party status
	www.theodora.com /wfb1989/czechoslovakia/czechoslovakia_government.html (341 words)

	Czechoslovakia - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		Temporary Constitution of November 14 1918 [democratic], see:
		The 1920 Constitution (The Constitutional Document of the Czechoslovak Republic) [democratic, in force till 1948, several amendments], see:
		The Czechoslovakian national ice hockey team has won many medals from the world championships and olympic games.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=5322 (1514 words)

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