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	Governmentality - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Governmentality was a concept developed by French philosopher Michel Foucault in the later years of his life, roughly between 1979 and his death in 1984, particularly in his lectures at the Collège de France during this time.
		They state, “governmentality is the dramatic expansion in the scope of government, featuring an increase in the number and size of the governmental calculation mechanisms” [1994:76].
		Governmentality, a term Foucault coined, is a theoretical concept that aims to reveal the general mechanisms of society's governance.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Governmentality (3857 words)

	Book Review - Rethinking Law, Society and Governance: Foucault's Bequest - CCJA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Pavlich maintains that their "use of 'co-social governmentalities' signals these multiple, undetermined, dynamic and hybrid shifts in rationales and practices of rule away from a regulatory arena predicated on images of the social as a primordial being" (4).
		While the focus of the anthology is precisely the emergence of co-social governmentalities in various global contexts, one over-arching theme, (noted in the introduction), is the insistence upon the socio-historic (and indeed, temporal) specificity of emerging co-social governmentalities.
		Brown advocates for an analysis of political engagement to be at the forefront of governmentality scholarship and he demonstrates how governmentality scholarship is not only useful to assess the "programmatic" elements of governance, but also to assess its applicability to the study of the grounds for resistance and political struggle.
	www.ccja-acjp.ca /en/cjcr38.html (1335 words)

	G. Burchell et al., The Foucault Effect
		As Foucault examines the ratio of governmentality, the calculative rationality imposed on a community, the recurring and unavoidable limitations of certain practices reveal themselves to be ubiquitous.
		Governmentality pervades the totality of social life, submitting the subjects of its rationality to specific ways of being and acting, an always ordered and disciplined being-historical while controlling the possibility of change or, even, that most fragile of political initiatives, revolution.
		Similar to his discussion of "governmentality," Foucault's brief but always suggestive discussion of "economy" extends beyond its accepted meaning to include a certain management, a regulatory principle capable of providing both prosperous continuity in the family or the state as well as preserving a limit to being and action.
	www.ualberta.ca /~di/csh/csh09/Burchell.html (1102 words)

	Rhizomes 10: Soek-Fang Sim
		Finally, while governments may gravitate towards neo-liberal governmentality, it should be noted that this mode of governance is popular among all types of governments - whether neo-liberal or communist, democratic or authoritarian - which indicates a lack of correspondence between political economy and governmentality.
		The crisis of liberal governmentality came in the form of criticism of the “anti-competitive effects of society” (Gordon 1991:42) and an attempt to re-articulate liberalism to favor freedom and de-legitimize egalitarianism.
		On the question of whether governmentalities coexist or substitute for each other, there is theoretical support about their coexistence and empirical support that they reinforce rather than undermine each other.
	www.rhizomes.net /issue10/sim.htm (7346 words)

	Surveillance and Criminal Statistics (Mathieu Deflem)
		Foucault defines governmentality as "the way in which the conduct of a whole of individuals is found implicated, in an ever more marked fashion, in the exercise of sovereign power" (Foucault 1978b:101).
		In 19th-century Europe, Foucault (1978a:91-94) explains, the governmental form of power is rediscovered and gains dominance over the Machiavellian concept of the singular "Prince." Politics is seen in terms of an efficient economy, not targeted at territory and citizens, but estimating the fertility of territories and the health and movements of the population.
		Instead, the state should be uncovered on the basis of its governmental strategies and techniques, that is, as a process of the governmentalization of the state rather than a state appropriation of powers (Foucault 1978b:101-102, 1979a:112-113, 1978a:103-104).
	www.cas.sc.edu /socy/faculty/deflem/ZCRIST.htm (11612 words)

	Neoliberalism and education: the autonomous chooser
		Governmentality, which allows for the possibility of other than economic explanations of the self, is discussed.
		Governmentality is the relation between self and itself, interpersonal relationships involving some control and guidance, relations within social institutions and community.
		Education then is a governmental notion, that is implicated in the production of the very desire to be educated i.e., the desire to be dominated and domination is inextricably intertwined with power.
	radicalpedagogy.icaap.org /content/issue4_2/04_fitzsimons.html (4137 words)

	FQS 7(1) Jens O. Zinn: Risk, Affect and Emotion
		The governmentality approach sees risk as an expression of a specific style of governance, typical for neo-liberal societies which use statistical risk calculation (as in epidemiology and (social) insurance) and tend to ascribe risks to individual's decision making in order to govern populations (FOUCAULT 1991).
		Governmental strategies use people's enthusiasm by opening opportunities and stressing towards them how much better their live would be if they took up those chances.
		Thus emotions tend to appear conceptually as corresponding with the norms constructed by governmentality, and deviations are seen as expressions of bad governmental practice.
	www.qualitative-research.net /fqs-texte/1-06/06-1-29-e.htm (3957 words)

	Amazon.com: Governmentality and the Mastery of Territory in Nineteenth-Century America (Cambridge Studies in Historical ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Governmentality is here understood as "the ensemble formed by the institutions, procedures, analyses and reflections, the calculations and tactics that allow the exercise of...
		In short, governmentality is a web of different practices, based on institutional power and various kinds of knowledge, which enables the rule of a territory and its population.
		By identifying the gender issues in the case of the governmental restructuring of the American nation-state, by Walker among others, he shows that patriarchal construction of gender dualism and the creation of masculinity and masculine objects is very much a part of governmentality in this especially case.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0521669499?v=glance (1246 words)

	post-modernism
		Foucault coined the term "governmentality" (Foucault, 1979b) to mean a form of activity designed to shape, affect, or change the conduct of a person or persons.
		Governmentality can be understood both in a wide sense of the government of the self and others and in a narrower sense of self government.
		According to Foucault governmentality has touched us all, so that we are not the free, autonomous individuals that the liberal framework and liberal education would make us out to be.
	www.edb.utexas.edu /faculty/scheurich/proj6/pags/thinkers.htm (1638 words)

	THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF COLONIALISM: Culture, History and the Emergence of Western Governmentality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		It is clear that governmental notions of "population" and "economy", and the "numbering" they necessarily imply, were pioneered in the colonies (Appadurai 1993; Hacking 1990: 17).
		The present emphasis on governmentality as a pervasive form of power should not obscure that one colonized's hegemony was often the other colonized's coercion.
		Governmentality was, like social science, a political technology meant to prevent coercion and politics (Malinowski 1929; Rabinow, quoted in Thomas 1994: 124).
	www2.fmg.uva.nl /gm/articles/pp1997.htm (6254 words)

	Kamat Research Database: Research Abstract
		New political rationalities that constituted modern governmental power and the liberal technologies of government effected a new conception of economy and society.
		Governmentality's governance of colonial conduct in an improving direction socialized native public opinion to question the legitimacy of the colonial covenant.
		Gandhi alone sought to overturn colonial governmentality and in doing so, provided a conception of public opinion that could transcend the limits of liberal reason.
	www.kamat.org /database?CitationID=10039 (118 words)

	Review: 'Global Governmentality: Governing international spaces'
		Of course, the significance of governmentality is traditionally thought to stem from its ability to ‘govern through freedom’.
		Indeed, as Kendal (Chapter 3) argues, global governmentality is constituted by a multiplicity of networks, each an assemblage in the Deleuzian sense, produced through practices of language, ideas, and material.
		And it is this concern with practice that differentiates governmentality from those more totalizing or ‘grand theory’ approaches concerned with globalization, network or risk society.
	homepage.mac.com /thenervousfishdown/iblog/C526316658/E1063792664 (926 words)

	Simon Gunn \| From Hegemony to Governmentality: Changing Conceptions of Power in Social History \| Journal of Social ...
		He was sceptical of views which identified the modern state as the fulcrum of power, preferring to see the state itself as a set of practices rather than as an institution or 'apparatus', as dispersed rather than unitary, and as invested in domains usually associated with civil society, such as sexuality and the family.
		After Foucault, Joyce defines liberal governmentality as a mode of rule whose lynchpin was the liberal subject itself, a self which was at once self-watching and watchful of power.
		Perhaps most important of all, it extends what I described at the outset as one of the pivotal insights of an earlier social history, the idea that power and power relations are located in the fabric of everyday life and are not confined to 'politics' in the narrow understanding of the term.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/jsh/39.3/gunn.html (7689 words)

	Governmentality and the Mastery of Territory in Nineteenth-Century America - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Governmentality and the Mastery of Territory in Nineteenth-Century America
		Using a combination of empirical and theoretical material, Hannah explores the modernization of the American federal government during this period.
		The formation of governmental objects in late nineteenth century American discourse; 3.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/print.asp?isbn=0521660335&print=y (272 words)

	Thomas Lemke - Publikationen - A Critique of Political Reason – Foucault’s Analysis of Modern Governmentality ...
		The main thesis of the book is that there is a major transformation in the problematics of power in the work of the French philosopher and historian Michel Foucault which is rarely taken into account.
		In the second part (The Governmentality“) I show how Foucault significantly changes his conception of power: the importance of discipline is relativated with respect to macropolitical phenomenons (bio-politics); the war-model, that he prefered and opposed to the juridical model, is questioned and finally critized for being reductive.
		In the chapters of the second part I present Foucault’s lessons of 1978 and 1979 and indicate how this work on government or governmentality is taken up by some disciples and co-workers of Foucault (Donzelot, Castel, Ewald, Procacci, Defert, etc.).
	www.thomaslemkeweb.de /publikationen/lemke3.htm (612 words)

	Clinical governmentality
		Whatever nursing’s response to clinical governance, it is vital that nurses are aware of the kinds of changes wehich it will involve for their consciousness and subjectivity as practitioners in order to ensure they retain their professional independence in the light of these new policies.
		We have used the term ‘governmentality’ in our title because it is the term employed by scholars who study processes of regulation and social control (Dean 1999) especially where the conduct of individuals is being regulated in line with policies, statutes and governmental initiatives, which may emanate from a variety of sources.
		It is a further way in which the machinery of self regulation can hail the patient and enlist him or her in the cultivation of a regulated self.
	www.academicarmageddon.co.uk /prog/notes.htm (7126 words)

	Rasa Ostrauskaite, The Radical Ambivalence of ‘Global Liberal Governance’ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		I propose therefore to use Foucault’s conceptions of ‘governmentality’ and ‘technologies of government’ so as to break from the taken-for-granted and thus uncontested conventions, thereby aiming at achieving a better understanding of the diversity of ways in which political power may manifest itself.
		The contemporary governmentality may symbolize a welcomed shift away from ‘top down’ domination towards a ‘distantiated’ relationship between the center of decision-making and a number of non-political (public sector) institutions/managers.
		According to the governmental perspective, “states are not subjects with essences,” that is, they are not comprised of essential subjective properties.
	venus.ci.uw.edu.pl /~rubikon/forum/ostrao.htm (5111 words)

	[No title]
		By drawing on the public record files of 32 highly contested cases from sample of 295 cases initiated in 1992, 1993, and 1994 in King County, Washington (Seattle), I use formal narrative analysis on the accounts of litigants and human scientists to establish contemporary divorce as a deeply disciplinary process.
		First, I argue that Foucault's work on law, disciplinarity, and governmentality, much footnoted but little pursued in legal scholarship, provides the framework with the most explanatory power to study and analyze the accumulated documents of these divorce files.
		The counselors' narrative accounts of each parent's interviews, physical testing for drugs, and surveillance in their community demonstrate both actual physical control of the parents while custody is being determined and the weight assigned by courts to the outcomes of the investigation.
	faculty.washington.edu /stygall/DisciplineDivorce.htm (1034 words)

	Amazon.ca: Governmentality: Power and Rule in Modern Society: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		His work extended our understanding of the principles of governmentality to the bio-politics, the police, the state, welfarism, liberalism and proposed new areas of study such as authoritarian rule and reflexive government.
		But his work also obscured the history of the concept of governmentality and blunted the heritage of work in sociology and political science on the subject.
		He argues that governmentality encapsulates a fundamentally new orientation to the study of power and authority.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0803975880 (394 words)

	AtP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Sovereign national governments run upon governmentality, or techniques for forging "a level of reality, a field of intervention, through a series of complex processes" in which "government is the right disposition of things" arranged by state regimes to serve "convenient ends" (Foucault, 1991: 93).
		These states have hardened borders, inviolate territorial spaces, and defensible centers in an international order of all other comparable states all of which are dedicated to maintaining territorial control over their sovereign spaces, resisting outside threats to their borders, and containing internal challenges to their political autonomy.
		Rousseau captures the quality of these dynamics in governmentality quite aptly when he observes that the in-statement of state power "is devoted solely to two objects: to extend their rule beyond their frontiers and to make it more absolute within them.
	www.vuw.ac.nz /atp/articles/Luke_9608.html (3813 words)

	Youth, Neoliberalism, Ethics: Some Questions, by Joe Austin
		(ix) What a dialogue between youth studies and governmentality might yield is more focused questions on the ways in which legal and penal practices are being used to dismantle existing social categories as well as what kinds of “governed” youthful subjectivities these practices might produce.
		First, the governmentality framework is less concerned with distinctions between macro- and micro-level scales than most political analyses.
		The term neoliberalism and the risk society in their titles are more or less equivalent to “advanced liberalism” in the governmentality literature; all three are terminologies used to describe recent history, if not the present moment.
	www.rhizomes.net /issue10/austin.htm (4607 words)

	Generating Green Governmentality:
		In this great network of technical interventions into Nature, the simulation of spaces, the intensification of resources, the incitement of discoveries, the formation of special knowledges, the strengthening of controls, and the provocation of resistances all can be linked to one another as "the empiricities" of academic environmental studies.
		Discourses of green governmentality give dedicated students the right disciplinary paths for leading others to the right kind of information produced by professional schools of the environment.
		Like governmentality, the disciplinary articulations of environmentality now center upon establishing and enforcing "the right disposition of things" by policing humanity's "conduct of conduct" in Nature and Society.
	www.cddc.vt.edu /tim/tims/Tim514a.htm (6718 words)

	FQS 7(1) Jens O. Zinn: Recent Developments in Sociology of Risk and Uncertainty
		Applying this perspective, research studies on governmentality use the concepts such as "truth programmes", "power strategies" and "technologies of the self" in order to show how risk is used in societal games of power and control.
		Such a perspective in governmentality would converge with other sociological approaches on risk (as modernisation theory), discovering the importance of the more general concept of uncertainty which gives access to a differentiated way to analyse the strategies which, apart from risk, are still and necessarily there to cope with uncertainty and ignorance.
		It is also valid for the governmentality approach, even though it is quite a current development to acknowledge theoretically the significance of uncertainty as such as well.
	www.qualitative-research.net /fqs-texte/1-06/06-1-30-e.htm (3930 words)

	Victoria A. Lawson: Global Governmentality and Graduated Sovereignty: national belonging among poor migrants in Ecuador
		Processes of global governmentality help explain why, despite a succession of governments (six presidents in the last 10 years) with different party and ideological positions, the process of internationalization has proceeded steadily.
		The actions of Presidents Febres-Cordero (1984-1988) and Duran-Ballen (1992-1996) illustrate this complex mix of governmentality and elite agency.
		Governmentality has most commonly been theorized and studied at the national scale.
	www.colorado.edu /Research/IBS/PEC/gadconf/papers/lawson.html (8612 words)

	Autonomism in Argentina in a New Governmentality \| Autonomy & Solidarity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Autonomism in Argentina in a New Governmentality
		In this new governmentality there would be some room for autonomist projects, if the movements were able to unify and work together independently.
		Today, although confused by this new governmentality embodied in the Kirchner administration and the crisis of the autonomist organizers, the Argentinean masses are still struggling for social change under the banners of horizontalism and non-hierarchy.
	auto_sol.tao.ca /node/view/1995 (3589 words)

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