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	Gowanus Expressway (I-278)
		The viaduct was to connect the Gowanus Parkway with newer arteries such as the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway, the Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel and the Prospect Expressway.
		Further south, the newly christened "Gowanus Expressway" was extended from the western terminus of the Belt Parkway to the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, despite vociferous protests by Bay Ridge residents.
		Replacing the Gowanus Expressway with a tunnel would be cheaper in the long run than rebuilding the crumbling elevated highway and would revive moribund neighborhoods in southwest Brooklyn, according to a study by a regional planning group.
	www.nycroads.com /roads/gowanus (3777 words)

	Transportation
		Gowanus Expressway (I-278) - History, photographs, current conditions, bibliography.
		Gowanus Expressway (I-278) - Area information and exit list: Fort Hamilton to Carroll Gardens.
		A Gowanus Tunnel - Initial feasibility study by a regional plan association study team.
	www.nyclimocoach.com /myodp/Regional/North_America/United_States/New_York/Localities/N/New_York_City/Brooklyn/Transportation (338 words)

	New York @ NorthEastRoads.com - Interstate 278 Verrazano Narrows Bridge / Gowanus Expressway East
		The Gowanus Expressway entails Interstate 278 between the Verrazano Narrows Bridge and the Brooklyn Battery Tunnel (Interstate 478).
		The Gowanus Expressway curves northwestward to merge with the north end of the Belt Parkway beyond the Exit 21 ramp to 3rd Avenue.
		The Prospect Expressway represents the western extant of the east-west New York 27 from the Gowanus Expressway eastward to Ocean Parkway.
	www.northeastroads.com /i-278b_ny.html (0 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Gowanus
		Gowanus is a neighborhood in Brooklyn, New York, USA, situated roughly between Red Hook and Carroll Gardens on the west and Park Slope on the east.
		The north boundry of the neighborhood is Caroll street, the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway to the south and West, and the Gowanus Canal to the East.
		Further south, the newly christened "Gowanus Expressway" was extended from the western terminus of the Belt Parkway to the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, despite vociferous protests by Bay Ridge residents.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Gowanus (679 words)

	Gowanus Canal. The Columbia Gazetteer of North America. 2000
		Gowanus Canal, industrial canal, SE borough of Brooklyn, N.Y. city, SE N.Y.; 40°40'N 74°00'W. Heavily polluted, it runs S from Hamilton Ave.
		In the 17th cent., the Dutch found it to be a pristine tidal inlet bordered by rich saltmarsh from which foot-long oysters were supposedly taken; in 1774 the Colonial Assembly enacted a law to widen the creek, draining and filling adjacent marshes.
		Construction of the Gowanus Expressway through Brooklyn and subsequent increased use of trucks diminished the canal’s importance, though some ships still use it today.
	www.bartleby.com /69/16/G03816.html (254 words)

	Gowanus Canal - Definition, explanation
		Connected to Gowanus Bay in Upper New York Harbor, the canal borders the neighborhoods of Red Hook and South Brooklyn on the west and Gowanus/Park Slope on the east.
		The Gowanus neighborhood was originally a tidal inlet of small creeks in original saltwater marshland, and meadows teeming with fish and other wildlife.
		The opaqueness of the Gowanus water obstructs sunlight to one third of the six feet needed for aquatic plant growth.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/g/go/gowanus_canal.php (1876 words)

	GOWANUS EXPRESSWAY : Encyclopedia Entry
		The Gowanus Expressway is an expressway in the Borough of Brooklyn, City of New York.
		The portion north/east of its junction with the Belt Parkway is a reconstruction of the former Gowanus Parkway, a cars-only highway, considered part of the Belt Parkway.
		Part of the Gowanus Parkway was built on the structure of the BMT Third Avenue Line, a closed elevated railway.
	www.bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Gowanus_Expressway (275 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Belt Parkway
		The Gowanus Parkway was built as an elevated structure over Third and Hamilton Avenues in order to avoid the active docks and industrial areas in that part of Brooklyn.
		Gowanus Expressway, replacing Gowanus Parkway as a connector between Manhattan and the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge to Staten Island and New Jersey (It is now signed as part of Interstate 278);
		Brooklyn-Queens Expressway, built as an expressway to connect the Gowanus Parkway/Expressway to the Triborough Bridge and Grand Central Parkway to complete the system (It is now signed as part of Interstate 278).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Belt-Parkway (2847 words)

	Gowanus Canal - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		The Gowanus Canal, also known as the Gowanus Creek Canal, is located in the Brooklyn, New York neighborhoods of Red Hook and South Brooklyn.
		An expressway, and the IND line of the New York City Subway, pass overhead.
		In the end, the economic and environmental restoration of the Gowanus area is clearly a necessity for an ever-evolving Brooklyn postindustrial cityscape.
	www.music.us /education/G/Gowanus-Canal.htm (1667 words)

	Gowanus Expressway (I-278)
		Technically, the Gowanus Expressway is part of the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway, but it was built originally as the Gowanus Parkway.
		Although it was rebuilt in the late 1950's and early 1960's as part of the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge project, the Gowanus Expressway is only nominally an Interstate highway.
		The Gowanus Expressway traverses a mostly industrial area (Sunset City / Industry City), and to the south, cuts through the heart of Bay Ridge (and still causes heartache for longtime Bay Ridge residents).
	www.ratetheroads.com /NY/I-278_gowanus (0 words)

	GOWANUS CANAL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The prominent feature of the Gowanus neighborhood is the Gowanus Canal, which effectively bisects a neighborhood that is primarily zoned for light to heavy manufacturing.
		The Canal was created in 1848 by widening the original Gowanus Creek into a mile and a half long commercial waterway to provide industrial access to the Gowanus Bay and, ultimately, to the Upper New York Bay and beyond.
		Just as the Gowanus Canal historically fueled the neighborhood’s livelihood by catering to industries reliant on barge service, local residents believe that the Canal will fuel its revival, by functioning as a valuable asset attracting businesses, residents, and recreational visitors to the Gowanus neighborhood.
	www.gowanus.org /gowanus.htm (475 words)

	NYCDOT - Traffic Advisory: Gowanus Expressway HOV Lane Has Ceased Operation (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) in conjunction with the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) today announced that (NYSDOT) has ceased operation of the Gowanus Expressway High-Occupancy-Vehicle (HOV) lane due to a strike by the local Operating Engineers Union.
		The HOV lane runs the length of the Manhattan-bound Gowanus Expressway from the Verrazano Bridge to the Brooklyn Battery Tunnel weekdays from 6:00 am through 10:00 am for buses and vehicles with 3 or more passengers.
		The HOV on the Long Island Expressway, which also uses the movable barrier system, will remain in operation.
	www.nyc.gov /html/dot/html/about/pr2006/pr06_42.html (132 words)

	interactivist network (Site not responding. Last check: )
		An illustrative example of Moses' effect on city neighborhoods is his construction of the Gowanus Parkway in the area of Sunset Park in Brooklyn.
		The expressway killed the life on Third Avenue, the heart of Sunset Park, destroying buildings and making travel through the streets depressing and even life-threatening -- all for a highway that was for the use of car and truck drivers, the majority of whom were commuting from outside the neighborhood.
		With the Gowanus Parkway and the majority of other roads constructed under Moses, the amount of harm perpetrated on the surrounding neighborhoods was immense because of the focus on the car rather than the city resident.
	www.interactivist.net /transportation/moses_01.html (1298 words)

	gowanuscanal
		The name "Gowanus" first appears in Dutch documents in 1640 and was first affixed to a bay, a creek and a piece of land in the area called South Brooklyn for many years due to its position south of Brooklyn's original village located where Brooklyn Heights is at present.
		All five Gowanus Canal bridges were, until 2005, in the charge of operator Lenny "Chicken Man" Thomas, a cook in his spare time, Thomas studied at the French Culinary Institute and in 1998 collected over 100 of his chicken recipes into a book.
		It's interrupted by Gowanus Bay at Hamilton Avenue and doesn't resume again until 29th Street, where it runs through Bush Terminal and along the Brooklyn Army Terminal (the spot from which Elvis debarked to Germany when he was drafted in 1958).
	www.forgotten-ny.com /STREET%20SCENES/gowanuscanal/gowanuscanal.html (4265 words)

	Welcome to The Gowanus Dredgers Canoe Club on the Gowanus Canal in Brooklyn NY
		Foote is a charter member of the Gowanus Dredgers Canoe Club, a group of 12 paddling enthusiasts who regularly explore this legendarily fetid stretch of water.
		The prospects for a Lido in the borough of Kings have already improved, thanks to the March 2000 reopening of the flushing tunnel.
		High tide and low is as good a metaphor as any for the fortunes of the Gowanus, which have risen, fallen and risen again since the Dutch settled this former creek in the 1600s, naming it for chief Gowanee of the Canarsee tribe.
	www.waterfrontmuseum.org /dredgers/timeout.htm (756 words)

	NYLPI \| Gowanus Expressway
		Beginning in 1995, NYLPI worked with the Gowanus Expressway Community Coalition (comprised of two dozen groups from Bay Ridge, Sunset Park, Red Hook, Gowanus and other adjoining neighborhoods) to formulate an organized response to the government's plan to rehabilitate and expand the Gowanus Expressway.
		The suit challenged the government's failure to conduct a Major Investment Study of the alternatives to the Gowanus rehabilitation and prepare a comprehensive Environmental Impact Statement.
		In a major victory, the suit was settled in 2001 and the State was compelled to include a review of the economic, environmental and social impacts on local communities in their plan to rehabilitate and expand the Gowanus Expressway.
	www.nylpi.org /area_4_history_gowanus.html (214 words)

	Transportation Alternatives: Sensible Transportation: Gowanus Expressway
		One of the worst highway projects ever was the construction of the Gowanus Expressway, an elevated freeway that decimated the vibrant urban neighborhoods it passed through.
		Transportation Alternatives and the community have sued to prevent the reconstruction of this highway in favor of a tunnel.
		Gowanus Chicanery: Highway Exempted from Federal Study Requirements
	www.transalt.org /campaigns/sensible/gowanus.html (266 words)

	Waterwire.net
		For nearly 150 years the Gowanus Canal in Brooklyn, NY was the repository of toxic sludge, raw sewage, and commercial garbage.
		Although the Gowanus may never evolve into the Venice of Brooklyn that some Gowanus activists envision, this former garbage dump of heavy industry is showing signs of life, and has already become host to migratory birds, schools of fish, oyster beds, and even a canoe club.
		Furthermore, the construction of the elevated Gowanus Expressway and the Brooklyn Battery tunnel opened the way for truck traffic to compete with the canal boats.
	waterwire.net /Resources/archives.cfm?ContID=1355 (1601 words)

	bath
		The construction of the Gowanus Expressway changed things, as it made Bay Ridge much more self-contained and insular because the expressway was placed in an open cut, with limited crossings, and cut off a bit of Bay Ridge from the rest of the neighborhood, as we'll see later on this page.
		North of 81st Street, it became a one-way service road for the Gowanus Expressway, and all the homes on its west side were torn down.
		Wedged between the expressway, the golf course, 86th Street and Fort Hamilton is a little area that used to be part of Bay Ridge, but I now call it "Dyker Beach" because of its proximity to the water and the golf course.
	www.forgotten-ny.com /NEIGHBORHOODS/bathbeach/bath.html (2257 words)

	Gowanus Expressway Should Be Demolished, Not Rebuilt; Riding on the Trashway - New York Times
		Gowanus Expressway Should Be Demolished, Not Rebuilt; Riding on the Trashway
		At one point along the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway there was an actual dump with mattresses, tires and boxes.
		As someone born and raised in the city, I was surprised and saddened by the view.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE7DB1E3CF93BA35756C0A965958260 (142 words)

	Gowanus, Brooklyn Information
		The northern boundary of the neighborhood is Carroll street, the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway to the south and west, and the Gowanus Canal to the east.
		In 1776, American troops retreating from the British during the Battle of Brooklyn, crossed the Gowanus Creek, located in Gowanus.
		The Gowanus area has been a center of industrial activity since the 1970's, although the decline of shipping at the port of Red Hook and of manufacturing in this and other areas of New York City in the late 20th century have reduced the vibrancy of industry in Gowanus.
	www.bookrags.com /Gowanus%2C_Brooklyn (397 words)

	Gowanus Brooklyn New York Real Estate-917-804-3198- Jeff Grandis- Assoc Real Estate Broker
		Gowanus Brooklyn New York is surrounded by Boerum Hill Brooklyn New York, Park Slope Brooklyn New York and Carroll Gardens Brooklyn New York but is still considered to have its own uniqueness as a neighborhood.
		Most of the homes in Gowanus Brooklyn New York are Brownstone row houses tucked between commercial buildings.
		It is now a fact that families from all five New York City boroughs especially from Manhattan, are seeking to buy a home in Brooklyn, NY because Brooklyn is no longer an alternative, it is the 1st and best choice in where to buy.
	www.jeffgrandis.com /n-gowanus.php (357 words)

	MTR 234, Groups Call for Gowanus Bus Lane<P>- But Cars Still Official Technology of NYSDOT -</P>
		On Wednesday, Transit advocates, bus drivers and riders and Brooklyn neighborhood activists called on the NY State Dept. of Transportation to convert the carpool lane on the Gowanus Expressway to a bus-only lane.
		It's unclear to what extent this would be true, since much of the in-bound Gowanus HOV lane is a contra-flow lane on the south-bound side of the Expressway.
		The MTA was embroiled in a separate issue over claims that it had masked the existence of a steep toll discount at the Verrazano bridge for multi-occupant cars and did not respond to the bus lane issue.
	www.tstc.org /bulletin/19990820/mtr23403.htm (691 words)

	Wired New York Forum - The State Patches Up a Road That Residents Want to Ditch
		But Jo Anne Simon, a Boerum Hill resident who heads the Stakeholder Group, a group that represents neighborhoods along the corridor that support the idea of a tunnel, said the allocation of funds worried her, partly because officials did not let her group know about it beforehand.
		A complete overhaul and modernization of the entire municipal highway system is in order, and the Gowanus Expressway is a decent place to start.
		Burying the Gowanus is an excellent idea and will definitely be the most beneficial long-term choice.
	www.wirednewyork.com /forum/printthread.php?t=3990 (599 words)

	Cross-Brooklyn Expressway Virtual Tour
		The Gowanus Expressway I-278, westbound, as it descends down from the viaduct portion of the highway at 65th street.
		At this location, the expressway was originally designed for 12 lanes in order to accommodate an interchange for the Gowanus Expressway and the planned Cross-Brooklyn Expressway.
		This is an overhead shot of the Gowanus Expressway, taken on the 7th Avenue overpass.
	www.oldnyc.com /crossbrooklyn/section1/section1_1.html (1653 words)

	Gowanus Expressway - Karr.net (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Gowanus Expressway: Its the Brooklyn equivalent of the Cross Bronx and it is corroding (image above).
		Recently, the New York State Department of Transportation has considered putting part or all of the elevated road underground.
		Top gowanus expressway Sites - The best of the best sites for your gowanus expressway on the web.
	encyclopedia.karr.net /encyclopedia/Gowanus_Expressway (290 words)

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